多环芳烃降解菌ZL5分离鉴定及其降解质粒

通过选择性富集培养 ,从辽河油田石油污染土壤中分离到一株多环芳烃 (PAHs)降解菌ZL5 .它能以菲和芘为唯一碳源生长 ,但是不能利用萘 .16SrDNA核苷酸序列分析结果表明 ,ZL5属于变形细菌α亚类中的鞘氨醇单胞菌属 .该菌株含有一个大小约为 6 0kb的质粒 .丝裂霉素C消除实验表明 ,随着质粒的丢失 ,菌株利用菲和芘的能力也丧失 .用电转化和氯化铷转化法分别将菌株ZL5的质粒导入大肠杆菌JM10 9和DH5α中 ,随着质粒的获得 ,这些转化子获得了降解菲和芘的能力 .本研究结果表明 ,鞘氨醇单胞菌ZL5降解PAHs的功能和质粒有关 .图 4参 16

Low temperature heat capacity and thermal stability of nanocrystalline nickel

The heat capacity (C-p) of nanocrystalline nickel (nc-Ni, 40 mn crystallite size) has been measured over the temperature range of 78-370 K with a high-resolution automated adiabatic calorimeter. The measured results are compared with the C-p values of the corresponding coarse-grained crystal, and an enhancement of heat capacity of the nanocrystalline nickel was observed to be 2-4% in the temperature range between 100 and 370 K. The thermal stability of the nanocrystalline nickel sample was determined by a differential scanning calorimeter and a thermogravimetric system. The melting point of nc-Ni is the same as that of the corresponding coarse-grained crystalline nickel and the sample is stable at temperature lower than 500 K. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

Thermokinetic investigation of effect of temperature on optimum NaCl concentration for petroleum bacterial growth

The power-time curves of growth of three strains of petroleum bacteria at different NaCl concentrations at 40.0 and 50.0 degreesC have been determined by using a 2277 Thermometric Thermal Activity Analyser. An equation of a power-time curve, ln[alphaP(K)/P(t) - 1] = ln[(alphaK - N-0)/N-0] - alphakt, was established based on the generalized logistic equation, where P(t) is the thermal power at time t, K the carrying capacity, P-K = P0K, P-0 the thermal power of one cell, N-0 the bacterial population at time zero, alpha = (k - D)/k. The method of four observed points with the same time interval was used to calculate the value of P-K. The growth rate constant k and the death rate constant D were calculated. The NaCl concentration of optimum growth rate of petroleum bacteria at 40.0 and 50.0 degreesC, respectively, have been obtained according to the curves k - D versus NaCl concentration, which are 0.26, 0.54 and 0.57 mol l(-1) for B-1, B-2 and B-3, respectively, at 50.0 degreesC, 0.26, 0.55 and 0.56 mol l(-1) for B-1, B-2 and B-3, respectively, at 40.0 degreesC. The results indicated that the effect of temperature on NaCl concentration of optimum growth rate was small. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

黄守瓜取食行为的机理及黄瓜的化学应答

黄足黄守瓜先用口器在黄瓜幼苗叶面划圈,然后再取食圈内叶组织,但黄足黄守瓜却直接取食离体黄瓜子叶,而不发生划圈取食行为.研究显示,黄守瓜这一有趣的划圈取食行为和黄瓜的化学应答显著相关.当黄瓜被黄守瓜取食后,子叶中葫芦素C的含量在60min内增加10倍以上,15min后子叶还出现葫芦素Ⅰ,并在60min内达到75mg/g鲜重的水平,而且黄瓜子叶中这一高水平的葫芦素至少要持续24h.进一步的实验证实,葫芦素C在10~250mg/g浓度范围刺激黄守瓜取食,250mg/g以上浓度则抑制黄守瓜取食;而葫芦素Ⅰ在50mg/g浓度就抑制黄守瓜取食,尤其是和葫芦素C混合后,对黄守瓜取食的抑制效应显著增加.结果表明,黄瓜通过增加葫芦素种类和浓度以避免被黄守瓜进一步侵食,而黄守瓜为了应对黄瓜的这一化学响应机制,采用先划圈阻断黄瓜圈内叶组织合成葫芦素和使圈外葫芦素不能迁移到圈内,以保证能取食圈内叶组织.黄守瓜的取食行为和黄瓜的化学应答是它们为生存而形成的一种巧妙的自我保护策略.

水头压力对橡塑渗灌管渗水性能的影响(英文)

对2种不同规格的橡塑渗灌管进行实验室渗水测试,考查水头压力对其渗水性能的影响。试验结果表明,在渗灌管初始渗水阶段,渗水速率迅速下降;在试验渗水压力范围内(0～70kPa),渗水速率与水头压力呈幂函数关系;2个试验样品的渗水速率变异系数在50～60kPa区间的某一水头压力下分别达到最小值;结果表明,水头压力是影响渗灌管渗水速率和渗水均匀性的重要因素,管径较大的橡塑渗灌管渗水性能优于管径较小的渗灌管。

水质对UV/H_2O_2降解邻苯二甲酸二甲酯反应动力学的影响

研究了不同初始pH值、浊度与常见阴离子浓度等水质条件对UV/H2O2工艺降解邻苯二甲酸二甲酯(DMP)反应速率的影响,并进一步比较了去离子水和自来水中DMP的降解速率。结果表明,UV/H2O2对DMP的光降解过程符合一级反应动力学模型,不同水质条件对降解速率有不同程度的影响。酸性条件较碱性条件更有利于DMP降解;水的浊度大于7NTU时,光降解速率常数迅速下降;NO3-、Cl-、HCO3-等阴离子对DMP降解有抑制作用,且随离子浓度增大,抑制作用增强,3种离子对DMP光降解的抑制程度顺序为HCO3->NO3->Cl-。在5个30W低压汞灯照射下,当H2O2的浓度为20mg.L-1时,DMP在去离子水和自来水中光降解速率常数分别为0.0428min-1和0.0315min-1,自来水中的光降解速率常数较去离子水中的低,这可能是水中多种离子影响的结果。

植物生活史繁殖对策与干扰关系的研究

植物生活史繁殖对策研究是涉及植物的适应或进化、生态系统退化与恢复过程、生物多样性保护等多方面理论生态学和应用生态学研究内容的生态学研究领域 .按Grime的植物生活史繁殖对策分类、植物营养繁殖与干扰适应、种子形态学与干扰适应、土壤种子库与干扰适应、植物繁殖体传播和萌发与干扰适应论述了当今极受关注的植物生活史繁殖对策与干扰关系 ,简述了我国干旱区干扰与植物生活史繁殖对策关系研究

中国多孔菌一新记录种——韦氏小针层孔菌(英文)

根据中国的标本材料对中国多孔菌一新记录种———韦氏小针层孔菌 [Phellinidiumweirii(Murrill)Y .C .Dai]进行了详细描述 ,并讨论了该种与其相似种硫色小针层孔菌的区别 :该种担子果多年生 ,管孔较小 ( 5～ 7vs 4～ 5permm) ,管口全缘 ,担孢子不嗜蓝 ,只生长在柏树上。该种分布于青海省祁连山地区 ,生长在祁连圆柏上 ,造成祁连圆柏根部白色腐朽。

Synthesis and photoluminescent properties of silica-coated LaCeF3 : Tb nanocrystals

La0.45Ce0.45F3:Tb (10 mol% Tb) nanoparticles was synthesized via sonochemical method and then coated with silica (SiO2) shells through a microemulsion process, resulting in the formation of core/shell structured LaCeF3:Tb/SiO2 nanoparticles. The obtained core/shell LaCeF3:Tb/SiO2 nanoparticles are spherical and uniform in size (average size about 60 nm), strongly fluorescent, and long fluorescence lifetime (1.87 ms). This kind of nanoparticles was water-soluble, which could be applied in biological labeling and other fields.

A new class of high T-g and organosoluble polynaphthalimides

A new class of soluble six-membered ring polynaphthalimides (PNIs) was synthesized from asymmetrical fluorinated naphthalenesubstituted monomers. All the resulting PNIs were easily soluble in many organic solvents, such as N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone (NMP), N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMAc), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). and chloroform. They also showed good thermal stability with glass transition temperature of 340-386 degrees C, 10% weight loss temperature in excess of 529 degrees C. Polyimide 3c could be solution-cast into tough and flexible film. The film had a tensile strength, elongation at break, and Young's modulus of about 117.6 Wa, 23.6%, and 1.77 GPa, respectively. The gas permeation property of the film of 3c was investigated with oxygen permeability coefficient (PO2 = 3.99) and permeability selectivity coefficient of oxygen to nitrogen (P-O2/P-N2 = 5.27). Therefore, these materials are expected to be a good alternative to PIs based on five-membered rings with applications in gas separation membranes.

Synthesis and photoluminescence properties of erbium-doped BaF2 nanoparticles

Erbium-doped BaF2 nanoparticles were prepared from the microemulsion of cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB), n-butanol, n-octane and water. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns were indexed to a pure BaF2 cubic phase. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images showed that BaF2 products were monodispersed with 15-20 nm in size at the dopant concentration of 0.06 mol%. At higher dopant concentration, there was no significant increase in particle size, but more polydispersed. Photoluminescence (PL) properties of the final products were examined. We can observe fluorescence of Er3+ around 1540 nm and with the increase of dopant concentration, the fluorescent intensity increases.

A wide-bandgap semiconducting polymer for ultraviolet and blue light emitting diodes

A novel wide-bandgap conjugated polymer (PDHFSCHD) consisting of alternating dihexylfluorene and rigidly twisted biphenyl units has been synthesized. The new fluorene-based copolymer composed of rigid twisting segments in the main-chain exhibits an optical bandgap of as high as 3.26 eV, and a highly efficient ultraviolet emission with peaks at 368 nm and 386 nm. An electroluminescence device from PDHFSCHD neat film as an active layer shows UV emission which peaks at 395 nm with a turn on voltage below 8 V By optimizing the device conditions, a peak EL quantum efficiency of 0.054% and brightness of 10 cd.m(-2) was obtained. Furthermore, blending a poly(dihexylfluorene) in the PDHFSCHD host gave pure blue emission peaking at 417 nm, and 440 nm without long wavelength emission from aggregated species. Efficient energy transfer from PDHFSCHD to PDHF was demonstrated in these blended systems. Depressed chain-aggregation of PDHF in the PDHFSCHD host can correspond to pure blue emission behaviors.