Cruise Report 72-S-6: Shellfish investigations

(PDF contains 3 pages.)

Cruise Report 72-S-7: Crab

(PDF contains 5 pages.)

Cruise Report 72-S-9: Bottomfish

(PDF contains 5 pages.)

Cruise Report 72-S-8: Crab

(PDF contains 4 pages.)

Galeria dos brasileiros illustres (os contemporaneos) : retratos dos homens mais illustres do Brasil na politica, sciencias e letras, desde a guerra da independencia até os nossos dias : copiados do natural e lithographados por S.A. Sisson, acompanhados das suas respectivas biographias, publicada sob a protecção de sua Magestade o Imperador

Galeria dos brasileiros illustres traz retratos copiados do natural e litografados das principais figuras brasileiras da política, ciências e letras, com biografias redigidas por diversos escritos da época, por alguns dos próprios biografados ou por membros de suas famílias. Considerada a mais importante de Sisson, esta obra teve tiragem reduzida e muitos exemplares foram desmanchados por antiquários que emolduravam os retratos, vendendo-os por alto preço. Segundo Borba de Moraes, "é muito difícil encontrar-se hoje em dia um exemplar perfeito e em boas condições" e que "só muito raramente aparece um exemplar à venda."

Northern range extension, abundance and distribution of Pacific coastal Bottlenose doplhins (Tursiops truncatus gilli) in Monterey Bay, California

Pacific coastal bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus gilli) have apparently moved to Monterey Bay as a result of a shift north of their known range. Between 1983 and 1993, 417 sightings were reported off central California. Eighty-four boat-based surveys, between October 1990 and November 1993, resulted in the photo-identification of 68 uniquely marked individuals. School size ranged between 2 and 35 animals (mean = 16.60, S.D. = 7.72). Forty-three (63%) of the dolphins identified were previously photographed in the Southern California Bight before 1989. Jolly-Seber population estimates indicated an increase in the Monterey Bay population from 1990 to 1993. At least 13 of the photo-identified dolphins were present in Monterey Bay throughout the study period. All but two of the calculated coefficients of association were 0.35, indicating a strong bond among resident animals. The occurrence of an El Niño from January 1992 to the end of 1993 may have affected the number of animals present in the bay: mean school size was significantly greater during El Niño.

Cephalopods from the stomachs of sperm whales taken off California

Cephalopod remains (beaks, bodies, and parts of bodies) were collected from the stomachs of 157 sperm whales (Physeter macrocephalus) taken off central California (lat. 37°-39°N). At least 24 species representing 14 families were identified. Frequencies of occurrence of the six most numerous taxa were Moroteuthis robusta 72.0%, Gonatopsis borealis 66.2%, Histioteuthis dofleini 36.9%, Galiteuthis spp. (including G. phyllura and G. pacifica) 36.3%, Octopoteuthis deletron 35.0%, and Vampyroteuthis infernalis 27.4%. One find of two Mesonychoteuthis hamiltoni beaks strongly suggests transequatorial migration by one large male sperm whale. (PDF file contains 18 pages.)

Ibex-35 eta IGBM-ren eraginkortasunaren analisia

Artikulu honetan Markowitz-en eredua azaltzen da. Hasieratik Markowitz-en ereduak garrantzia handia izan du teorikoki, garapen eta eratorri ugari eraginez. Gainera, finantza aktiboen merkatuko oreka teoria desberdinen oinarria ere izan dela esan daiteke. Dena den, karteren kudeatzaile eta analisigileen artean praktikan duen erabileran ez da teorian izan duen adina arrakastatsua izan. Egindako ikerketa enpirikoan Markowitz-en ereduak merkatuko erreferentzia karterak (IBEX-35 eta IGBM) gainditzeko gai diren karterak ematen ditu alde batetik. Eta bestetik, IBEX-35 eta IGBM ez dira kartera eraginkorrak eta ez dute merkatuko kartera teorikoaren portaera islatzen.

Impact of depressive symptoms on subjective well-being: the importance of patient-reported outcomes in schizophrenia

Objective: The subjective experience of psychotic patients toward treatment is a key factor in medication adherence, quality of life, and clinical outcome. The aim of this study was to assess the subjective well-being in patients with schizophrenia and to examine its relationship with the presence and severity of depressive symptoms. Methods: A multicenter, cross-sectional study was conducted with clinically stable outpatients diagnosed with schizophrenia. The Subjective Well-Being under Neuroleptic Scale - short version (SWN-K) and the Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia (CDSS) were used to gather information on well-being and the presence and severity of depressive symptoms, respectively. Spearman's rank correlation was used to assess the associations between the SWN-K total score, its five subscales, and the CDSS total score. Discriminative validity was evaluated against that criterion by analysing the area under the curve (AUC). Results: Ninety-seven patients were included in the study. Mean age was 35 years (standard deviation = 10) and 72% were male. Both the total SWN-K scale and its five subscales correlated inversely and significantly with the CDSS total score (P < 0.0001). The highest correlation was observed for the total SWN-K (Spearman's rank order correlation [ rho] = -0.59), being the other correlations: mental functioning (-0.47), social integration (-0.46), emotional regulation (-0.51), physical functioning (-0.48), and self-control (-0.41). A total of 33 patients (34%) were classified as depressed. Total SWN-K showed the highest AUC when discriminating between depressive severity levels (0.84), followed by emotional regulation (0.80), social integration (0.78), physical functioning and self-control (0.77), and mental functioning (0.73). Total SWN-K and its five subscales showed a significant linear trend against CDSS severity levels (P < 0.001). Conclusion: The presence of moderate to severe depressive symptoms was relatively high, and correlated inversely with patients' subjective well-being. Routine assessment of patient-reported measures in patients with schizophrenia might reduce potential discrepancy between patient and physician assessment, increase therapeutic alliance, and improve outcome.

Measurement of velocity profiles in a rectangular microchannel with aspect ratio α = 0.35

In this work, we measured 14 horizontal velocity profiles along the vertical direction of a rectangular microchannel with aspect ratio alpha = h/w = 0.35 (h is the height of the channel and w is the width of the channel) using microPIV at Re = 1.8 and 3.6. The experimental velocity profiles are compared with the full 3D theoretical solution, and also with a Poiseuille parabolic profile. It is shown that the experimental velocity profiles in the horizontal and vertical planes are in agreement with the theoretical profiles, except for the planes close to the wall. The discrepancies between the experimental data and 3D theoretical results in the center vertical plane are less than 3.6%. But the deviations between experimental data and Poiseuille's results approaches 5%. It indicates that 2D Poiseuille profile is no longer a perfect theoretical approximation since a = 0.35. The experiments also reveal that, very near the hydrophilic wall (z = 0.5-1 mu m), the measured velocities are significantly larger than the theoretical velocity based on the no-slip assumption. A proper discussion on some physical effects influencing the near wall velocity measurement is given.

Near-diffraction-limited, 35.4 W laser-diode end-pumped Nd:YVO4 slab laser operating at 1342 nm

A diode stack end-pumped Nd:YVO4 slab laser at 1342 nm with near-diffraction-limited beam quality by using a hybrid resonator was presented. At a pump power of 139.5 W, laser power of 35.4 W was obtained with a conversion efficiency of 25.4% of the laser diode to laser output. The beam quality M-2 factors were measured to be 1.2 in the unstable direction and 1.3 in the stable direction at the output power of 29 W. (C) 2009 Optical Society of America

Boiling heat transfer enhancement by using micro-pin-finned surface for electronics cooling

For efficiently cooling electronic components with high heat flux, experiments were conducted to study the flow boiling heat transfer performance of FC-72 over square silicon chips with the dimensions of 10 × 10 × 0.5 mm3. Four kinds of micro-pin-fins with the dimensions of 30 × 60, 30 × 120, 50 × 60, 50 × 120 μm2 (thickness, t × height, h) were fabricated on the chip surfaces by the dry etching technique for enhancing boiling heat transfer. A smooth surface was also tested for comparison. The experiments were made at three different fluid velocities (0.5, 1 and 2 m/s) and three different liquid subcoolings (15, 25 and 35 K). The results were compared with the previous published data of pool boiling. All micro-pin-fined surfaces show a considerable heat transfer enhancement compared with a smooth surface. Flow boiling can remarkably decrease wall superheat compared with pool boiling. At the velocities lower than 1 m/s, the micro-pin-finned surfaces show a sharp increase in heat flux with increasing wall superheat. For all surfaces, the maximum allowable heat flux, qmax, for the normal operation of LSI chips increases with fluid velocity and subcooling. For all micro-pin-finned surfaces, the wall temperature at the critical heat flux (CHF) is less than the upper limit for the reliable operation of LSI chips, 85◦C. The largest value of qmax can reach nearly 148 W/cm2 for micro-pin-finned chips with the fin height of 120 μm at the fluid velocity of 2 m/s and the liquid subcooling of 35 K. The perspectives for the boiling heat transfer experiment of the prospective micro-pin-finned sur- faces, which has been planned to be made in the Drop Tower Beijing/NMLC in the future, are also presented.

Part I. A study of the velocity structure of the earth by the use of core phases. Part II. The 1971 San Fernando earthquake series focal mechanisms and tectonics

The initial objective of Part I was to determine the nature of upper mantle discontinuities, the average velocities through the mantle, and differences between mantle structure under continents and oceans by the use of P'dP', the seismic core phase P'P' (PKPPKP) that reflects at depth d in the mantle. In order to accomplish this, it was found necessary to also investigate core phases themselves and their inferences on core structure. P'dP' at both single stations and at the LASA array in Montana indicates that the following zones are candidates for discontinuities with varying degrees of confidence: 800-950 km, weak; 630-670 km, strongest; 500-600 km, strong but interpretation in doubt; 350-415 km, fair; 280-300 km, strong, varying in depth; 100-200 km, strong, varying in depth, may be the bottom of the low-velocity zone. It is estimated that a single station cannot easily discriminate between asymmetric P'P' and P'dP' for lead times of about 30 sec from the main P'P' phase, but the LASA array reduces this uncertainty range to less than 10 sec. The problems of scatter of P'P' main-phase times, mainly due to asymmetric P'P', incorrect identification of the branch, and lack of the proper velocity structure at the velocity point, are avoided and the analysis shows that one-way travel of P waves through oceanic mantle is delayed by 0.65 to 0.95 sec relative to United States mid-continental mantle.

A new P-wave velocity core model is constructed from observed times, dt/dΔ's, and relative amplitudes of P'; the observed times of SKS, SKKS, and PKiKP; and a new mantle-velocity determination by Jordan and Anderson. The new core model is smooth except for a discontinuity at the inner-core boundary determined to be at a radius of 1215 km. Short-period amplitude data do not require the inner core Q to be significantly lower than that of the outer core. Several lines of evidence show that most, if not all, of the arrivals preceding the DF branch of P' at distances shorter than 143° are due to scattering as proposed by Haddon and not due to spherically symmetric discontinuities just above the inner core as previously believed. Calculation of the travel-time distribution of scattered phases and comparison with published data show that the strongest scattering takes place at or near the core-mantle boundary close to the seismic station.

In Part II, the largest events in the San Fernando earthquake series, initiated by the main shock at 14 00 41.8 GMT on February 9, 1971, were chosen for analysis from the first three months of activity, 87 events in all. The initial rupture location coincides with the lower, northernmost edge of the main north-dipping thrust fault and the aftershock distribution. The best focal mechanism fit to the main shock P-wave first motions constrains the fault plane parameters to: strike, N 67° (± 6°) W; dip, 52° (± 3°) NE; rake, 72° (67°-95°) left lateral. Focal mechanisms of the aftershocks clearly outline a downstep of the western edge of the main thrust fault surface along a northeast-trending flexure. Faulting on this downstep is left-lateral strike-slip and dominates the strain release of the aftershock series, which indicates that the downstep limited the main event rupture on the west. The main thrust fault surface dips at about 35° to the northeast at shallow depths and probably steepens to 50° below a depth of 8 km. This steep dip at depth is a characteristic of other thrust faults in the Transverse Ranges and indicates the presence at depth of laterally-varying vertical forces that are probably due to buckling or overriding that causes some upward redirection of a dominant north-south horizontal compression. Two sets of events exhibit normal dip-slip motion with shallow hypocenters and correlate with areas of ground subsidence deduced from gravity data. Several lines of evidence indicate that a horizontal compressional stress in a north or north-northwest direction was added to the stresses in the aftershock area 12 days after the main shock. After this change, events were contained in bursts along the downstep and sequencing within the bursts provides evidence for an earthquake-triggering phenomenon that propagates with speeds of 5 to 15 km/day. Seismicity before the San Fernando series and the mapped structure of the area suggest that the downstep of the main fault surface is not a localized discontinuity but is part of a zone of weakness extending from Point Dume, near Malibu, to Palmdale on the San Andreas fault. This zone is interpreted as a decoupling boundary between crustal blocks that permits them to deform separately in the prevalent crustal-shortening mode of the Transverse Ranges region.

Prevalência de sobrepeso e obesidade em adolescentes das regiões Nordeste e Sudeste do Brasil, 1996-1997

A questão nutricional tem sido objeto de interesse da saúde pública, não só em nosso país, como também em outros, independentemente dos diferentes níveis de desenvolvimento. O sobrepeso e a obesidade são considerados agravos nutricionais importantes, cuja frequência vem aumentando entre adolescentes, acarretando consequências negativas, imediatas ou futuras, para a saúde. Este estudo pretende descrever a prevalência de sobrepeso e obesidade em adolescentes, segundo o sexo, nas regiões Nordeste e Sudeste do Brasil, e investigar a sua reação com fatores socioeconômicos e com a prática de atividade física. A investigação tem como base os dados da Pesquisa sobre Padrões de Vida (PPV) do IBGE, realizada entre março de 1995 e março de 1997, nas duas regiões. Dadas as peculiaridades de crescimento e desenvolvimento durante essa fase da vida, somados a ausência de dados sobre maturação sexual, optou-se por incluir os dados de adolescentes de 15 a 19 anos de idade. A amostra contou com os dados de 1027 adolescentes da Região Nordeste e 854 da Região Sudeste com amplo predomínio numérico nas áreas urbanas em ambas regiões.O termo sobrepeso/obesidade foi utilizada para caracterizar os adolescentes que se encontravam com valores de índice de Massa Corporal (IMC) iguais ou acima do percentil 85, de acordo com o sexo e a idade, da distribuição de IMC da população norte americana (WHO, 1995). A análise estatística considerou os fatores de expansão e o desenho da amostra. A prevalência de sobrepeso/obesidade foi de 8,45% IC 95% 6,51-10,90) na Região Nordeste, contra 11,53% (IC 95% 8,90- 14,81) na Região Sudeste. No Nordeste, observou-se maior risco de sobrepeso/obesidade para adolescentes do sexo feminino (razão de prevalência: RP meninas/meninos=3,00; IC 95% 1,73-5,22), situação que se manteve entre os residentes da área urbana (RPr3,21; IC 95% 1,72-5,99) e os da área rural (RP=2,27; IC 95% 0,68-7,60). Na Região Sudeste, o risco de sobrepeso/obesidade foi maior entre os meninos (RP meninas/meninos=0,58; IC 95% 0,37-0,92). Ao se estratificarem os dados por situação de moradia, os residentes da área urbana desta região mantiveram essa diminuição entre meninas (RPO,51; IC 95% 0,31-0,85), porém na área rural houve aumento de risco entre as meninas (RP=1 86; IC 95% 0,83-4,16). A renda per capita domiciliar mensal só associou ao risco de sobrepeso/obesidade, em ambas as regiões, apenas entre as meninos de maior renda per capita domiciliar mensal, quando comparados aos de renda inferior (Região Nordeste: OR bruto=9,64; IC 95% 3,17-29,35 e CR ajustado=10,13; IC 95% 2,83-36,27 e, na Região Sudeste: OR bruto13; IC 95% 1,50-17,48 e OR ajustado=8,70; IC 95% 1,17-32,34). Embora tenha sido observada grande frequência de sedentarismo entre as meninas, a realização de atividade física não se associou a prevalência do sobrepeso/obesidade em nenhuma das regiões estudadas. Os resultados apontam para a necessidade de medidas do controle dessas condições, visando a prevenção de doenças crônicas, bem como da condução de estudos que aprofundem as questões associadas ao risco de sobrepeso/obesidade entre os adolescentes de diferentes regiões do país.

Análisis de los rendimientos del IBEX 35

En el presente trabajo se realiza un estudio econométrico para explicar los rendimientos del IBEX 35 de diciembre de 2006 a febrero de 2014 y contrastar si la crisis es un factor determinante sobre ellos en el período citado. Para ello, en primer lugar se realiza un análisis descriptivo de una serie de variables que se considera que van a tener influencia en los rendimientos, tales como: la prima de riesgo, los tipos de interés y el volumen de contratación. Además, se analiza tanto la estacionalidad diaria como mensual. Posteriormente, se especifica y estima un modelo econométrico inicial y tras una serie de contrastes y restricciones se obtiene un modelo ajustado. El resultado final es el previsto antes de realizar la estimación en lo que corresponde a la prima de riesgo, el tipo de interés, y el volumen de contratación, son relevantes para explicar los rendimientos del IBEX 35. Por el contrario, la crisis, que a priori se espera que tenga influencia en los rendimientos del IBEX 35, resulta no tener influencia significativa en éstos.