Antibacterial effectiveness of several irrigating solutions and the Endox Plus system - an ex vivo study

Aim To compare the ex vivo antibacterial effectiveness of the Endox Plus system and sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) in combination with BioPure MTAD (Tulsa Dental, Tulsa, OK, USA) or with EDTA in Enterococcus faecalis-contaminated root canals.Methodology After initial preparation, the root canals of 70 single-rooted human teeth were inoculated with E. faecalis (ATCC 29212) and incubated for 21 days. Specimens were divided into five groups: Endox Plus/saline; 2.5% NaOCl/MTAD; 2.5% NaOCl/EDTA; saline (positive control); negative control (root canals not prepared, nor irrigated). Samples were collected using paper points. Microbiological analysis evaluated the number of CFUs. Data were analysed by anova and Tukey tests at 0.05 significance.Results All specimens had bacterial growth after the incubation period, with similar CFU per mL counts (P > 0.05). After chemo-mechanical preparation, the number of bacteria in all groups reduced, except for the negative control. No significant differences were observed between 2.5% NaOCl/MTAD and 2.5% NaOCl/EDTA, but these groups had lower CFU counts than the other groups (P < 0.05). In the final samples, an increase in the bacterial counts was observed for Endox Plus/saline, 2.5% NaOCl/MTAD, 2.5% NaOCl/EDTA and saline (P < 0.05) with no significant differences between these groups.Conclusions This ex vivo study revealed that the Endox Plus system was associated with a reduced antibacterial effectiveness compared with conventional irrigation using 2.5% NaOCl/MTAD and 2.5% NaOCl/EDTA. All irrigation procedures allowed recovery of bacteria 7 days after treatment, demonstrating persistence of contamination within the root canal system.

Hormonal Oscillations During the Estrous Cycle Influence the Morphophysiology of the Gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus) Female Prostate (Skene Paraurethral Glands)

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Effect of Jupiter's mass growth on satellite capture

We study the effects of Jupiter mass growth in order to permanently capture prograde satellites. Adopting the restricted three-body problem, Sun-Jupiter-Particle, we performed numerical simulations backward in time while considering the decrease in Jupiter's mass. We considered the particle's initial conditions to be prograde, at pericenter, in the region 100R(4) <= a <= 400R(4) and 0 <= e <= 0.5. The results give Jupiter's mass at the moment when the particle escapes from the planet. Such values give an indication of the conditions that are necessary for capture. An analysis of these results shows that prograde satellite capture is more complex than a retrograde one. It occurs in a two-step process. First, when the particles get inside about 0.85R(Hill) (Hills' radius), they become weakly bound to Jupiter. Then, they keep migrating toward the planet with a strong decrease in eccentricity, while the planet is growing. The radial oscillation of the particles reduces significantly when they reach a radial distance that is less than about 0.45R(Hill) from the planet. Three-dimensional simulations for the known prograde satellites of Jupiter were performed. The results indicate that Leda, Himalia, Lysithea, and Elara could have been permanently captured when Jupiter had between 50% and 60% of its present mass.

Gonadectomia pré-puberal em cães e gatos

A população de cães e gatos errantes é um problema grave de saúde pública e bem estar animal e a gonadectomia pré-puberal a partir de seis semanas de idade é a base para controle populacional efetivo. Os efeitos benéficos e maléficos são discutidos nesta revisão, auxiliando o médico veterinário a obter conhecimento e fundamentação científica para análise crítica do tema, propagação dessa prática e conscientização de proprietários.

Características qualitativas de genótipos de cebola

Objetivou-se, com o trabalho, avaliar alguns atributos de qualidade de diferentes genótipos de cebola (Allium cepa L.), cultivados em Mossoró-RN. O experimento foi realizado na horta experimental no Departamento de Ciências Vegetais da Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido (UFERSA), em delineamento de blocos casualizados completos e quatro repetições. Os tratamentos foram constituídos pelos genótipos de cebola CNPH 6415, CNPH 6047, CNPH 6244, CNPH 6400 Chata, CNPH 6400 Redonda, CPACT 1, CPACT 2, CPACT 3, Granex 429, Belém IPA 9, BRS Cascata, Crioula Alto Vale, Bola Precoce, Primavera, Régia, Valeouro IPA-11, Brisa e Alfa São Francisco. As características avaliadas foram teor de sólidos solúveis totais, acidez total titulável, teor de vitamina C e teor de ácido pirúvico (pungência). Foram observadas diferenças significativas entre os genótipos para todas as características avaliadas. Os genótipos apresentaram uma variação significativa para todas as características avaliadas, confirmando dessa forma que o fator genético é determinante na caracterização de cada material. O teor de sólidos solúveis totais variou de 6,67 a 11,63 (º Brix), vitamina C de 22,7 a 46,81 (mg ácido ascórbico/100 ml de suco) e a acidez total titulável de 0,19 a 0,45 (% de ácido pirúvico). Os genótipos apresentaram pungência intermediária com variação de 5,0 a 12,73 (µmol/g), sendo os menos pungentes Granex 429, CNPH 6047, Régia, Primavera e Belém IPA 9.

Two simple techniques for hysteresis power losses measurement

This paper presents two methods to measure magnetic losses in an iron core for didactic applications for undergraduate students. It is based on indirect measurements of magnetic field and induced flux, simplifying the required instrumentation, and thus, making its implementation possible for lab sessions. Moreover, a comparison between two methods is proposed, allowing the students reaching a deeper understanding of the hysteresis phenomena.

RELATIVISTIC 3-PARTICLE DYNAMICAL EQUATIONS .1. THEORETICAL DEVELOPMENT

Starting from the two-particle Bethe-Salpeter equation in the ladder approximation and integrating over the time component of momentum, we rederive three-dimensional scattering integral equations satisfying constraints of relativistic unitarity and convariance, first derived by Weinberg and by Blankenbecler and Sugar. These two-particle equations are shown to be related by a transformation of variables. Hence we show how to perform and relate identical dynamical calculation using these two equations. Similarly, starting from the Bethe-Salpeter-Faddeev equation for the three-particle system and integrating over the time component of momentum, we derive several three-dimensional three-particle scattering equations satisfying constraints of relativistic unitarity and convariance. We relate two of these three-particle equations by a transformation of variables as in the two-particle case. The three-particle equations we derive are very practical and suitable for performing relativistic scattering calculations. (C) 1994 Academic Press, Inc.

A semiconductor strain gage tactile transducer

This paper describes the development of a semiconductor strain gage tactile transducer. It was designed with the goal of measuring finger forces without affecting the hand dexterity. The transducer structure was manufactured with stainless steel and has small dimensions ( 4 min diameter and I min thickness). It is light and suitable to connect to the finger pads. It has a device that prevents its damage when forces are applied. The semiconductor strain gage was used over due its small size and high sensitivity, although it has high temperature sensitivity. Theory, design and construction details are presented the signal conditioning circuit is very simple because the semiconductor strain gage sensitivity is high. It presents linear response from 0 to 100 N, 0.5 N resolution, fall time of 7.2 ms, good repeatability, and small hysteresis. The semiconductor strain gage transducer has characteristics that can make it very useful in Rehabilitation Engineering, Robotics, and Medicine.

Dissipative three-wave structures in stimulated backscattering. I. A subluminous solitary attractor

We present a solitary solution of the three-wave nonlinear partial differential equation (PDE) model - governing resonant space-time stimulated Brillouin or Raman backscattering - in the presence of a cw pump and dissipative material and Stokes waves. The study is motivated by pulse formation in optical fiber experiments. As a result of the instability any initial bounded Stokes signal is amplified and evolves to a subluminous backscattered Stokes pulse whose shape and velocity are uniquely determined by the damping coefficients and the cw-pump level. This asymptotically stable solitary three-wave structure is an attractor for any initial conditions in a compact support, in contrast to the known superluminous dissipative soliton solution which calls for an unbounded support. The linear asymptotic theory based on the Kolmogorov-Petrovskii-Piskunov assertion allows us to determine analytically the wave-front slope and the subluminous velocity, which are in remarkable agreement with the numerical computation of the nonlinear PDE model when the dynamics attains the asymptotic steady regime. © 1997 The American Physical Society.