Impact of synchronous metastasis distribution on cancer specific survival in renal cell carcinoma after radical nephrectomy with tumor thrombectomy

PURPOSE Metastatic renal cell carcinoma can be clinically diverse in terms of the pattern of metastatic disease and response to treatment. We studied the impact of metastasis and location on cancer specific survival. MATERIALS AND METHODS The records of 2,017 patients with renal cell cancer and tumor thrombus who underwent radical nephrectomy and tumor thrombectomy from 1971 to 2012 at 22 centers in the United States and Europe were analyzed. Number and location of synchronous metastases were compared with respect to patient cancer specific survival. Multivariable Cox regression models were used to quantify the impact of covariates. RESULTS Lymph node metastasis (155) or distant metastasis (725) was present in 880 (44%) patients. Of the patients with distant disease 385 (53%) had an isolated metastasis. The 5-year cancer specific survival was 51.3% (95% CI 48.6-53.9) for the entire group. On univariable analysis patients with isolated lymph node metastasis had a significantly worse cancer specific survival than those with a solitary distant metastasis. The location of distant metastasis did not have any significant effect on cancer specific survival. On multivariable analysis the presence of lymph node metastasis, isolated distant metastasis and multiple distant metastases were independently associated with cancer specific survival. Moreover higher tumor thrombus level, papillary histology and the use of postoperative systemic therapy were independently associated with worse cancer specific survival. CONCLUSIONS In our multi-institutional series of patients with renal cell cancer who underwent radical nephrectomy and tumor thrombectomy, almost half of the patients had synchronous lymph node or distant organ metastasis. Survival was superior in patients with solitary distant metastasis compared to isolated lymph node disease.

Comparison of the in vitro effects of saline, hypertonic hydroxyethyl starch, hypertonic saline, and two forms of hydroxyethyl starch on whole blood coagulation and platelet function in dogs.

OBJECTIVE To compare the in vitro effects of hypertonic solutions and colloids to saline on coagulation in dogs. DESIGN In vitro experimental study. SETTING Veterinary teaching hospital. ANIMALS Twenty-one adult dogs. INTERVENTIONS Blood samples were diluted with saline, 7.2% hypertonic saline solution with 6% hydroxyethylstarch with an average molecular weight of 200 kDa and a molar substitution of 0.4 (HH), 7.2% hypertonic saline (HTS), hydroxyethyl starch (HES) 130/0.4 or hydroxyethyl starch 600/0.75 at ratios of 1:22 and 1:9, and with saline and HES at a ratio of 1:3. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Whole blood coagulation was analyzed using rotational thromboelastometry (extrinsic thromboelastometry-cloting time (ExTEM-CT), maximal clot firmness (MCF) and clot formation time (CFT) and fibrinogen function TEM-CT (FibTEM-CT) and MCF) and platelet function was analyzed using a platelet function analyzer (closure time, CTPFA ). All parameters measured were impaired by saline dilution. The CTPFA was prolonged by 7.2% hypertonic saline solution with 6% hydroxyethylstarch with an average molecular weight of 200 kDa and a molar substitution of 0.4 (HH) and HTS but not by HES solutions. At clinical dilutions equivalent to those generally administered for shock (saline 1:3, HES 1:9, and hypertonic solutions 1:22), CTPFA was more prolonged by HH and HTS than other solutions but more by saline than HES. No difference was found between the HES solutions or the hypertonic solutions. ExTEM-CFT and MCF were impaired by HH and HTS but only mildly by HES solutions. At clinically relevant dilutions, no difference was found in ExTEM-CFT between HTS and saline or in ExTEM-MCF between HH and saline. No consistent difference was found between the 2 HES solutions but HH impaired ExTEM-CFT and MCF more than HTS. At high dilutions, FibTEM-CT and -MCF and ExTEM-CT were impaired by HES. CONCLUSIONS Hypertonic solutions affect platelet function and whole blood coagulation to a greater extent than saline and HES. At clinically relevant dilutions, only CTPFA was markedly more affected by hypertonic solutions than by saline. At high dilutions, HES significantly affects coagulation but to no greater extent than saline at clinically relevant dilutions.

Controversies in the use of hydroxyethyl starch solutions in small animal emergency and critical care

OBJECTIVES: To (1) review the development and medical applications of hydroxyethyl starch (HES) solutions with particular emphasis on its physiochemical properties; (2) critically appraise the available evidence in human and veterinary medicine, and (3) evaluate the potential risks and benefits associated with their use in critically ill small animals. DATA SOURCES: Human and veterinary original research articles, scientific reviews, and textbook sources from 1950 to the present. HUMAN DATA SYNTHESIS: HES solutions have been used extensively in people for over 30 years and ever since its introduction there has been a great deal of debate over its safety and efficacy. Recently, results of seminal trials and meta-analyses showing increased risks related to kidney dysfunction and mortality in septic and critically ill patients, have led to the restriction of HES use in these patient populations by European regulatory authorities. Although the initial ban on the use of HES in Europe has been eased, proof regarding the benefits and safety profile of HES in trauma and surgical patient populations has been requested by these same European regulatory authorities. VETERINARY DATA SYNTHESIS: The veterinary literature is limited mostly to experimental studies and clinical investigations with small populations of patients with short-term end points and there is insufficient evidence to generate recommendations. CONCLUSIONS: Currently, there are no consensus recommendations regarding the use of HES in veterinary medicine. Veterinarians and institutions affected by the HES restrictions have had to critically reassess the risks and benefits related to HES usage based on the available information and sometimes adapt their procedures and policies based on their reassessment. Meanwhile, large, prospective, randomized veterinary studies evaluating HES use are needed to achieve relevant levels of evidence to enable formulation of specific veterinary guidelines.

Very long-term survival patterns of young patients treated with radical prostatectomy for high-risk prostate cancer

OBJECTIVE In patients with a long life expectancy with high-risk (HR) prostate cancer (PCa), the chance to die from PCa is not negligible and may change significantly according to the time elapsed from surgery. The aim of this study was to evaluate long-term survival patterns in young patients treated with radical prostatectomy (RP) for HRPCa. MATERIALS AND METHODS Within a multiinstitutional cohort, 600 young patients (≤59 years) treated with RP between 1987 and 2012 for HRPCa (defined as at least one of the following adverse characteristics: prostate specific antigen>20, cT3 or higher, biopsy Gleason sum 8-10) were identified. Smoothed cumulative incidence plot was performed to assess cancer-specific mortality (CSM) and other cause mortality (OCM) rates at 10, 15, and 20 years after RP. The same analyses were performed to assess the 5-year probability of CSM and OCM in patients who survived 5, 10, and 15 years after RP. A multivariable competing risk regression model was fitted to identify predictors of CSM and OCM. RESULTS The 10-, 15- and 20-year CSM and OCM rates were 11.6% and 5.5% vs. 15.5% and 13.5% vs. 18.4% and 19.3%, respectively. The 5-year probability of CSM and OCM rates among patients who survived at 5, 10, and 15 years after RP, were 6.4% and 2.7% vs. 4.6% and 9.6% vs. 4.2% and 8.2%, respectively. Year of surgery, pathological stage and Gleason score, surgical margin status and lymph node invasion were the major determinants of CSM (all P≤0.03). Conversely, none of the covariates was significantly associated with OCM (all P≥ 0.09). CONCLUSIONS Very long-term cancer control in young high-risk patients after RP is highly satisfactory. The probability of dying from PCa in young patients is the leading cause of death during the first 10 years of survivorship after RP. Thereafter, mortality not related to PCa became the main cause of death. Consequently, surgery should be consider among young patients with high-risk disease and strict PCa follow-up should enforce during the first 10 years of survivorship after RP.

Open radical cystectomy: still the gold standard for muscle invasive bladder cancer

INTRODUCTION Muscle invasive bladder cancer is an unforgiving disease, and if untreated, it leads to death within 2 years of the diagnosis in >85 % of the patients. Long-term oncologic efficacy remains the ultimate standard that all procedures have to be measured by. In the past decades, open radical cystectomy (RC), extended pelvic lymph node dissection (PLND), and urinary diversion have been established as the gold standard. In the last few years, however, growing attention has been set on robotic-assisted radical cystectomy (RARC). RESULTS Even in the very long term, open RC has good oncological results and if an ileal neobladder is performed excellent functional results. Follow-up of patients after open RC exceeds more than a decade which is unsurpassed by any other technique. Its outcomes have been proven to be durable and cost-effective. Least perioperative complications as well as best oncological and functional results can be achieved if open RC and urinary diversion were performed in a high-volume hospital by high-volume surgeons and an experienced team. CONCLUSIONS Despite upcoming new technologies such as RARC, open RC following extended (PLND) remains the gold standard treatment for high-grade muscle invasive bladder cancer.

There is a place for radical cystectomy and urinary diversion, including orthotopic bladder substitution, in patients aged 75 and older: Results of a retrospective observational analysis from a high-volume center

INTRODUCTION The incidence of cancer increases with age and owing to the changing demographics we are increasingly confronted with treating bladder cancer in old patients. We report our results in patients>75 years of age who underwent open radical cystectomy (RC) and urinary diversion. MATERIAL AND METHODS From January 2000 to March 2013, a consecutive series of 224 old patients with complete follow-up who underwent RC and urinary diversion (ileal orthotopic bladder substitute [OBS], ileal conduit [IC], and ureterocutaneostomy [UCST]) were included in this retrospective single-center study. End points were the 90-day complication rates (Clavien-Dindo classification), 90-day mortality rates, overall and cancer-specific survival rates, and continence rates (OBS). RESULTS Median age was 79.2 years (range: 75.1-91.6); 35 of the 224 patients (17%) received an OBS, 178 of the 224 patients (78%) an IC, and 11 of the 224 patients (5%) an UCST. The 90-day complication rate was 54.3% in the OBS (major: Clavien grade 3-5: 22.9%, minor: Clavien Grade 1-2: 31.4%), 56.7% in the IC (major: 27%, minor: 29.8%), and 63.6% in the UCST group (major: 36.4%, minor: 27.3%); P = 0.001. The 90-day mortality was 0% in the OBS group, 13% in the IC group, and 10% in the UCST group (P = 0.077). The Glasgow prognostic score was an independent predictor of all survival parameters assessed, including 90-day mortality. Median follow-up was 22 months. Overall and cancer-specific survivals were 90 and 98, 47 and 91, and 11 and 12 months for OBS, IC, and UCST, respectively. In OBS patients, daytime continence was considered as dry in 66% and humid in 20% of patients. Nighttime continence was dry in 46% and humid 26% of patients. CONCLUSION With careful patient selection, oncological and functional outcome after RC can be good in old patients. Old age as the sole criterion should not preclude the indication for RC or the option of OBS. In old patients undergoing OBS, satisfactory continence results can be achieved.

How often parametrial involvement leads to post-operative adjuvant treatment in locally advanced cervical cancer after neoadjuvant chemotherapy and type C radical hysterectomy?

OBJECTIVE Parametrial involvement (PMI) is one of the most important factors influencing prognosis in locally advanced stage cervical cancer (LACC) patients. We aimed to evaluate PMI rate among LACC patients undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT), thus evaluating the utility of parametrectomy in tailor adjuvant treatments. METHODS Retrospective evaluation of consecutive 275 patients affected by LACC (IB2-IIB), undergoing NACT followed by type C/class III radical hysterectomy. Basic descriptive statistics, univariate and multivariate analyses were applied in order to identify factors predicting PMI. Survival outcomes were assessed using Kaplan-Meier and Cox models. RESULTS PMI was detected in 37 (13%) patients: it was associated with vaginal involvement, lymph node positivity and both in 10 (4%), 5 (2%) and 12 (4%) patients, respectively; while PMI alone was observed in only 10 (4%) patients. Among this latter group, adjuvant treatment was delivered in 3 (1%) patients on the basis of pure PMI; while the remaining patients had other characteristics driving adjuvant treatment. Considering factors predicting PMI we observed that only suboptimal pathological responses (OR: 1.11; 95% CI: 1.01, 1.22) and vaginal involvement (OR: 1.29 (95%) CI: 1.17, 1.44) were independently associated with PMI. PMI did not correlate with survival (HR: 2.0; 95% CI: 0.82, 4.89); while clinical response to NACT (HR: 3.35; 95% CI: 1.59, 7.04), vaginal involvement (HR: 2.38; 95% CI: 1.12, 5.02) and lymph nodes positivity (HR: 3.47; 95% CI: 1.62, 7.41), independently correlated with worse survival outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that PMI had a limited role on the choice to administer adjuvant treatment, thus supporting the potential embrace of less radical surgery in LACC patients undergoing NACT. Further prospective studies are warranted.

Influence and Impact of Cognitive Trajectories on Outcome in Patients Undergoing Radical Cystectomy: an Observational Study

OBJECTIVES To evaluate cognitive trajectories after radical cystectomy and their impact on surgical outcomes, including urinary continence. METHODS Ninety patients received cognitive testing using the Mini Mental State Exam (MMSE) before open radical cystectomy as well as 3 days and 2 weeks after surgery. Based on MMSE changes ≥3 points between the three time points, five cognitive trajectories emerged (stable cognition, persistent or transient deterioration or persistent or transient improvement). Surgical outcomes were assessed 90 days, 6 months and 1 year postoperatively. RESULTS Mean age was 67.9 ± 9.3 years (range 40 - 88 years). Sixty-six patients (73.3%) had stable cognition, nine patients (10.0%) persistent and seven patients (7.8%) transient deterioration, five patients (5.6%) persistent and three patients (3.3%) transient improvement. An impaired preoperative cognition was the only significant risk factor of short-term cognitive deterioration (OR adjusted for age and sex 9.4, 95%CI 1.6-56.5, p=0.014). Cognition showed no associations with 1-year mortality, 90-day complication rate, cancer progression or duration of in-hospital stay. Patients with transient or persistent cognitive deterioration had an increased risk for nighttime incontinence (OR adjusted for age and sex 5.1, 95%CI 1.1-22.4, p=0.032). CONCLUSIONS In this study, the majority of patients showed stable cognition after major abdominopelvic surgery. Cognitive deterioration occurred in a small subgroup of patients, and an impaired preoperative cognition was the only significant risk factor. Postoperative cognitive deterioration was associated with nighttime incontinence.

Older patients with low Charlson score and high-risk prostate cancer benefit from radical prostatectomy

INTRODUCTION The aim of the study was to identify the appropriate level of Charlson comorbidity index (CCI) in older patients (>70 years) with high-risk prostate cancer (PCa) to achieve survival benefit following radical prostatectomy (RP). METHODS We retrospectively analyzed 1008 older patients (>70 years) who underwent RP with pelvic lymph node dissection for high-risk prostate cancer (preoperative prostate-specific antigen >20 ng/mL or clinical stage ≥T2c or Gleason ≥8) from 14 tertiary institutions between 1988 and 2014. The study population was further grouped into CCI < 2 and ≥2 for analysis. Survival rate for each group was estimated with Kaplan-Meier method and competitive risk Fine-Gray regression to estimate the best explanatory multivariable model. Area under the curve (AUC) and Akaike information criterion were used to identify ideal 'Cut off' for CCI. RESULTS The clinical and cancer characteristics were similar between the two groups. Comparison of the survival analysis using the Kaplan-Meier curve between two groups for non-cancer death and survival estimations for 5 and 10 years shows significant worst outcomes for patients with CCI ≥ 2. In multivariate model to decide the appropriate CCI cut-off point, we found CCI 2 has better AUC and p value in log rank test. CONCLUSION Older patients with fewer comorbidities harboring high-risk PCa appears to benefit from RP. Sicker patients are more likely to die due to non-prostate cancer-related causes and are less likely to benefit from RP.

Dithiothreitol triggers photooxidative stress and fragmentation of the large subunit of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase in intact pea chloroplasts

In intact chloroplasts isolated from mature pea leaves (Pisum sativum L.), the large subunit (LSU) of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco, EC 4.1.1.39) was rapidly fragmented into several products upon illumination in the presence of 1 mM dithiothreitol (DTT). Very similar effects on LSU stability could be observed when illuminated chloroplasts were poisoned with cyanide which, like DTT, inhibits important plastid antioxidant enzymes, or when a light-dependent hydroxyl radical-producing system was added to the incubation medium. Moreover, DTT-stimulated light degradation of LSU was markedly delayed in the presence of scavengers of active oxygen species (AOS). It is therefore suggested that light degradation of LSU in the presence of DTT is mainly due to inhibition of the chloroplast antioxidant defense system and the subsequent accumulation of AOS in intact organelles. When chloroplasts were isolated from nonsenescent or senescent leaves, LSU remained very stable upon incubation without DTT, indicating that the antioxidant system was still functional in the isolated chloroplasts during leaf ageing. Our data support the notion that AOS might be important for the degradation of Rubisco in vivo under oxidative stress.

INDUCTION OF DNA STRAND BREAKS AND CROSS-LINKS BY THE NEW ANTICANCER AGENT 3,6-DIAZIRIDINYL-2,5-BIS(CARBOETHOXYAMINO) -1,4-BENZOQUINONE

The DNA breakage effect of the anticancer agent 3,6-diaziridinyl-2,5-bis(carboethoxyamino)-1,4-benzoquinone (AZQ, NSC-182986) on bacteriophage PM2 DNA was investigated using agarose gel electrophoresis. AZQ caused both single-stranded and double-stranded breaks after reduction with NaBH(,4), but it was not active in the native state. At 120 (mu)M, it degraded 50% of the closed circular form I DNA into 40% form II DNA (single-stranded break) and 10% form III DNA (double-stranded break). It produced a dose-response breakage between 1 (mu)M and 320 (mu)M. The DNA breakage exhibited a marked pH dependency. At 320 (mu)M, AZQ degraded 80% and 60% of form I DNA at pH 4 and 10 respectively, but none between pH 6 to 8. The DNA breakage at physiologic pH was greatly enhanced when 10 (mu)M cupric sulfate was included in the incubation mixture. The DNA strand scission was inhibited by catalase, glutathione, KI, histidine, Tiron, and DABCO. These results suggest that the DNA breakage may be caused by active oxygen metabolites including hydroxyl free radical. The bifunctional cross-linking activity of reduced AZQ on isolated calf thymus DNA was investigated by ethidium fluorescence assay. The cross-linking activity exhibited a similar pH dependency; highest in acidic and alkaline pH, inactive under neutral conditions. Using the alkaline elution method, we found that AZQ induced DNA single-stranded breaks in Chinese hamster ovary cells treated with 50 (mu)M of AZQ for 2 hr. The single-stranded break frequencies in rad equivalents were 17 with 50 (mu)M and 140 with 100 (mu)M of AZQ. In comparison, DNA cross-links appeared in cells treated with only 1 to 25 (mu)M of AZQ for 2 hr. The cross-linking frequencies in rad equivalents were 39 and 90 for 1 and 5 (mu)M of AZQ, respectively. Both DNA-DNA and DNa-protein cross-links were induced by AZQ in CHO cells as revealed by the proteinas K digestion assay. DNA cross-links increased within the first 4 hr of incubation in drug-free medium and slightly decreased by 12 hr, and most of the cross-links disappeared after cells were allowed to recovered for 24 hr.^ By electrochemical analysis, we found that AZQ was more readily reduced at acidic pH. However, incubation of AZQ with NaBH(,4) at pH 7.8 or 10, but not at 4, produced superoxide anion. The opening of the aziridinyl rings of AZQ at pH 4 was faster in the presence of NaBH(,4) than in its absence; no ring-opening was detected at pH 7.8 regardless of the inclusion of NaBH(,4). . . . (Author's abstract exceeds stipulated maximum length. Discontinued here with permission of author.) UMI ^

Na 1 Nachlass Max Horkheimer, 103 - Korrespondenzen u.a. mit Maria Pattermann und Franz Neumann (p. III 11, 1-335)

1 Drucksache der Rechtsanwaltskanzlei Pacht, Tannenbaum & Ross, 1951; 2 Briefe zwischen der Pädagogischen Hauptstelle der Gewerkschaft Erziehung u. Wissenschaft und Max Horkheimer, 1954; 1 Brief vom Pädagogischen Verlag B. Schulz an Max Horkheimer, 1950; 3 Briefe zwischen dem Professor Erwin Walter Palm und Max Horkheimer, 1957-1958; 2 Briefe zwischen Helena Brans und Max Horkheimer, 1953; 2 Briefe vom Park-Hotel Frankfurt an Max Horkheimer,1957-1958; 1 Brief von Enno Patalas an Max Horkheimer, 1 Brief von Theodor W. Adorno an Enno Patalas, 1956; 2 Briefe zwischen Dieter Pätzold und Max Horkheimer, 1952; 8 Briefe zwischen Maria Pattermann und Max Horkheimer, 1952-1958; 2 Briefe zwischen F. Perrot und Max Horkheimer, 1953; 2 Briefe zwischen der Buchhandlung Werner Peter und Max Horkheimer, 1954; 3 Briefe zwischen Alfred Peters und Max Horkheimer, 1952-1953; 1 Zeugnis von dem Studenten Joachim Peter, 1953; 1 Brief von Max Horkheimer an F.H. Peterson, 1950; Briefwechsel zwischen dem Studenten Klaus Peuker und Max Horkheimer, 1951; 1 Brief des Chefredakteuren Karl Pfannkuch an Max Horkheimer, 1955; 1 Brief von Dr. Karl Pfauter an Max Horkheimer, 1952; Briefwechsel zwischen der Studentin Renate Pflaume und Max Horkheimer, 1952; Briefwechsel zwischen Joseph B. Phillips und Max Horkheimer, 1955; 1 Brief von Professor Josef Pieper an Max Horkheimer , 1951; 1 Brief von Ehrenfried Pihan an Max Horkheimer, 1953; 1 Brief von F. G. Pincus an Theodor W. Adorno, 1954; Briefwechsel zwischen dem Professor Koppel S. Pinson und Max Horkheimer, 1956; 2 Briefe zwischen dem Professor Kurt Pinthus und Max Horkheimer, 1953; 1 Brief an Dr. Knut Pipping von Max Horkheimer, 1950; 2 Briefe zwischen Erwin Piscator und Max Horkheimer, 1954; Briefwechsel zwischen der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaften und Max Horkheimer, 1953-1955; Briefwechsel zwischen dem Professor Richard Plant und Max Horkheimer, 1953 und 2 Briefe zwischen Professor Richard Plant und Margarete Feretty-Füredi, 1953; Briefwechsel zwischen dem Professor Johann Plenge und Max Horkheimer, 1951-1952; Briefwechsel zwischen Barbara Pleyer und Max Horkheimer, 1954; 1 Brief von Erich Paul Pechmann an Max Horkheimer, 1952; Briefwechsel zwischen Dr. Gerhard Poetzsch und an Max Horkheimer, 1958; Briefwechsel zwischen dem Committee on Science & Freedom und Max Horkheimer, 1955-1956; 1 Brief an den Professor Rudolf Pohl von Max Horkheimer, 1953; 1 Brief von der Zeitschrift "Die politsche Meinung" an Max Horkheimer, 1956; 1 Brief von Max F. Pollack an Max Horkheimer, 1954; 1 Brief von dem Professor Wilhelm Polligkeit an Max Horkheimer, 1951; 1 Brief von dem Poli-Verlag an Max Horkheimer, 1950; Briefwechsel zwischen Alexej Poremsky und Max Horkheimer, 1955; 1 Brief von Rita Post an Max Horkheimer, 1952; 1 Brief von Max Potzin an Max Horkheimer, 1951; Briefwechsel zwischen dem Oberstudienrat Max Preitz und Max Horkheimer, 1955; 1 Brief von dem Professor Wolfgang Preiser an Max Horkheimer, 1952; 1 Gutachten und Beilagen von Dr. Karl A. Preuschen an Max Horkheimer, 1955; Briefwechsel und Beilagen zwischen dem Direktor des The Commonwealth Fund E. K. Wickman und Max Horkheimer, 1955; Briefwechsel zwischen Klaus H. Pringsheim und Max Horkheimer, 1952-1958; 1 Brief von Curt Freiherr von Preuschen an Max Horkheimer, 1953; Briefwechsel zwischen Rüdiger Proske und Max Horkheimer, 1951; Briefwechsel und Beilagen zwischen Dr. Harry Pross und Max Horkheimer, 1954; 1 Brief von dem Professor Franz Neumann an Max Horkheimer, 1954; 1 Brief an G. H. Graber von Max Horkheimer, 1953; Briefwechsel zwischen dem Quaker Service und Max Horkheimer, 1950; Briefwechsel zwischn Günther Quandt und Max Horkheimer, 1953 und 2 Todesanzeigen, 1955; 1 Brief an den Querido-Verlag von Max Horkheimer, 1951; Briefwechsel zwischen Emil Querinjean und Max Horkheimer, 1955; Briefwechsel zwischen John Raatjes und Max Horkheimer, 1956; Briefwechsel zwischen der Zeitschrift the humanist radical und Max Horkheimer, 1957; Briefwechsel zwischen Sitangghu Chatterji und Max Horkheimer, 1957; 1 Brief von der Radio Corporation of America an Max Horkheimer, 1953; 1 Brief und Beilagen vom Radiodiffusion et Télévision Francaises an Max Horkheimer, 1955; Briefwechsel zwischen dem Österreichischer Rundfunk Radio Wien und Max Horkheimer, 1956; 1 Brief von dem Professor Boris Rajewsky an Max Horkheimer, 1953; 1 Brief an Else Rang von Max Horkheimer, 1950; Briefwechsel zwischen Heinz Raspini und Max Horkheimer, 1956; 1 Drucksache zwischen Hanna Becker vom Rath und Max Horkheimer, 1953; 1 Telegramm von dem Professor Roland Rather an Max Horkheimer und 2 Briefe von Max Horkheimer an Roland Rather, 1957; Briefwechsel zwischen dem Professor L. J. Rather und Max Horkheimer, 1955; Briefwechsel zwischen Phillip Roth und Max Horkheimer, 1958; Briefwechsel zwischen Sibnarayan Ray und Max Horkheimer, 1956-1957; Briefwechsel mit Beilagen zwischen dem Rationalisierungs-Kuratorium der Deutschen Wirtschaft und Max Horkheimer, 1954; 1 Aktennotiz von dem Jornalisten Rasten der dänischen Zeitung Politiken, 1953; Briefwechsel zwischen Wolfgang M. Rauch und Max Horkheimer, 1956; 1 Anzeige der Ingeborg Rauter, 1953; 1 Brief von dem Hotel Reber au lac an Max Horkheimer, 1955; Briefwechsel zwischen Alice Reboly und Max Horkheimer, 1955; 3 Briefe an die Regensburger Zeitungen von Max Horkheimer, 1956; 1 Brief an den Professor Klaus Reich von Max Horkheimer, 1950; Briefwechsel zwischen dem Reinhardt, Ernst, Verlag und Max Horkheimer, 1953; 1 Brief von dem Apotheker Hermann Reitberger an Max Horkheimer, 1955; Briefwechsel zwischen Dr. Paul Reiwald und Max Horkheimer, 1950; 1 Brief von dem Journalist Godo Remszhardt an Max Horkheimer, 1954; Briefwechsel zwischen Dr. Irmgard Rexroth-Kern und Max Horkheimer, 1952; Briefwechsel zwischen Hans Rheinbay und Max Horkheimer, 1955; 1 Brief von der Universität Bonn an Max Horkheimer, 1953; 1 Brief an den Rheinischer Merkur von Max Horkheimer, 1951; 1 Brief an die Rheinische Post von Max Horkheimer, 1954; 1 Brief an Hans Richter von Max Horkheimer, 1954; Briefwechsel zwischen Dr. Hermann Riefstahl und Max Horkheimer, 1957; Briefwechsel zwischen dem Professor Svend Riemer und Max Horkheimer, 1957; Briefwechsel zwischen dem Ring-Verlag und Max Horkheimer, 1957; Briefwechsel zwischen Werner Rings und Max Horkheimer, 1954; Briefwechsel zwischen Martha Ritter-Raabe und Max Horkheimer, 1955; Briefwechsel zwischen Otto-Heinz Rocholl und Max Horkheimer, 1954; 1 Brief von Hilde Rodemann an Max Horkheimer, 1952; 1 Brief von Edouard Roditi an Max Horkheimer, 1951 und 1 Brief von Theodor W. Adorno an Edouard Roditi, 1951; Briefwechsel zwischen der Zeitschrift Studenten-Kurier und Max Horkheimer, 1955; 1 Brief von Karl Roeloffs an Max Horkheimer, 1953; Briefwechsel zwischen der Kunsthistorikerin Hanna Rhode und Max Horkheimer, 1950-1951; 1 Brief an Dr. Anna Ronge von Max Horkheimer, 1954; 2 Brief an Kathe Romney von Max Horkheimer, 1952-1955; Briefwechsel zwischen Dr. Paul Rompel und Max Horkheimer, 1952; 1 Brief an den Zahnartz Dr. Ingo Ropper von Max Horkheimer, 1953; Briefwechsel zwischen Ilse Wallis Ross und Max Horkheimer, 1955-1956; 1 Brief von dem Professor Hans W. Rosenhaupt an Max Horkheimer, 1952; 1 Brief von Rosenthal an Max Horkheimer, 1958; Briefwechsel zwischen dem Generalstaatsanwalt und Staatssekretär Erich Rosenthal-Pelldram und Max Horkheimer, 1952-1956; Briefwechsel zwischen Lessing J. Rosenwald und Max Horkheimer, 1950; Briefwechsel zwischen dem Lieutenant Dr. Alan O. Ross und Max Horkheimer, 1955; 4 Briefe und Beilagen von Günther Roth an Max Horkheimer, 1953-1957; Briefwechsel zwischen dem Professor Wolfram Eberhardt und Max Horkheimer, 1955; 1 Brief an den Professor M. A. Stewart von Theodor W. Adorno, 1955; Briefwechsel zwischen dem Professor Rheinhard Bendix und Max Horkheimer, 1955; Briefwechsel zwischen der Studentin Valentine Rothe und Max Horkheimer, 1957; 1 Brief von dem Student Rudolf Rothrock an Max Horkheimer, 1953; 1 Brief von Guy Roustang an Max Horkheimer, ohne Jahr; 1 Brief von Heinz Maria Ledig-Rowohlt an Max Horkheimer, 1950; Briefwechsel zwischen Ellen Roy und Max Horkheimer, 1956; Briefwechsel zwischen dem Professor Paul Royen und Max Horkheimer, 1954; Briefwechsel zwischen dem Staatsminister August Rucker und Max Horkheimer, 1955-1957 1 Brief an den Staatsminister August Rucker von Leopold von Wiese, 1955; 1 Bericht von Walter Rüegg, 1953 und 2 Briefe von Max Horkheimer an den Professor Walter Rüegg, 1955; 3 Briefe an den Professor Alexander Rüstow von Max Horkheimer, 1953-1958; Briefwechsel zwischen Käthe von Ruckteschell und Max Horkheimer, 1951-1954; Briefwechsel zwischen dem Student Gerhard Rudolph und Max Horkheimer, 1954; 1 Brief von der Ruf und Echo, Arbeitsgemeischaft an Max Horkheimer, 1952; 3 Briefe an den Professor Jay Rumney von Max Horkheimer, 1952-1954; Briefwechsel zwischen Clarence R. Rungee und Max Horkheimer, 1951-1952;