993 resultados para semântica lexical


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O objetivo deste trabalho é investigar a estratégia de inferência lexical de palavras-chave em textos técnicos de língua inglesa. Os sujeitos da pesquisa são alunos de um curso técnico de Eletrônica, falsos principiantes na língua estrangeira. A análise dos dados é quantitativa e qualitativa. A pesquisa observa o papel do conhecimento prévio dos sujeitos sobre assuntos específicos e as pistas contextuais oferecidas pelo autor de textos técnicos, na inferência lexical. As categorias de familiarização lexical estudadas são: explicação, definição, exemplificação, ilustração, estipulação e sinonímia. Os resultados demonstram uma certa preponderância das estratégias de uso do conhecimento prévio sobre as de uso de pistas contextuais, embora a pesquisa tenha constatado que a interação das duas estratégias seja importante para que a inferência lexical seja produzida com maior sucesso.

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O estudo se propõe a esclarecer os mecanismos responsáveis pela organização semântica do léxico do futebol. Apóia-se na teoria semântica estruturalista (Greimas, Pottier). Gomo primeiro passo, delimita-se a área do trabalho e a escolha recai no domínio lexical definido pelo núcleo CAMPO-JOGO-TIME. Discutem-se, também, os conceitos próprios da linguagem futebolística (espaço- posição-função). O confronto dos dados leva a identificar e a descrever quatro processos lexicais coesivos. O mais significativo é o da espacialidade específica, não só por mobilizar a maioria das lexias, mas ainda por gerar sinestesias e conotações - o segundo processo lexical em importância.

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A criação neológica estilística enfeixa a criatividade lexical e a neologia semântica. A neologia de sentido consiste no emprego de um significante já existente na língua c om um conteúdo que ele não possuía, ou porque o conteúdo é novo ou porque, até aquele momento, era expresso por outro significante. No texto literário, uma criação resultante desse tipo de procedimento tende a não se repetir. É o que chamamos de neologia semântica estilística. Nessa operação, a estrutura da frase tem função básica, pois, no mínimo, é necessário um sintagma para que surja novo sentido. A partir de algumas relações sintagmáticas, estudamos certos modos de manifestação da neologia semântica em Grande sertão: veredas.

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Este artigo tem por objetivo estudar o formativo tele-, mostrando os sentidos adquiridos por esse elemento grego ao penetrar na língua geral. A descrição constará de uma parte histórica em que se demonstrará a evolução semântica do referido afixo em algumas obras lexicográficas desde o fim do século passado. Em seguida, utilizando um corpus constituído de expressões extraídas da publicidade, é analisado o comportamento atual de tele- com suas variantes neológicas.

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Estudo do campo lexical da palavra faca e de outros lexemas que se referem às armas brancas em Grande sertão: veredas de Guimarães Rosa, tendo-se em vista os significados dos vocábulos no universo de sentidos do romance. A orientação teórica centra-se, sobretudo, nas propostas de H. Geckeler e ainda nas de J. Lyons.

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

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Pós-graduação em Estudos Linguísticos - IBILCE

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There is in the literature a divergent description between lexical knowledge and word production accuracy. The aims of this study were: (a) to investigate the influence (effect) of the word lexical knowledge over production accuracy; (b) in case there is, to characterize acoustically this interference. Eight children (5-6 years old) with typical development language participated of this study. The methodological procedure consisted of: (a) survey of the children lexical knowledge concerning to IAFAC’s words; (b) recordings of the IAFAC’s words; (c) identifi cation and characterization of the linguistic cues, by acoustic analysis, in the IAFAC’s word production in function of the different knowledge degrees. Our results suggest a negative correlation (r=-0,13, p=0,000) between lexical knowledge and presence of the linguistics cues in word’s production. However, the linguistics cues refer to hesitative cues instead of phonological errors. Implications of these results for clinical practicing are discussed.

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Introduction: In the Web environment, there is a need for greater care with regard to the processing of descriptive and thematic information. The concern with the recovery of information in computer systems precedes the development of the first personal computers. Models of information retrieval have been and are today widely used in databases specific to a field whose scope is known. Objectives: Verify how the issue of relevance is treated in the main computer models of information retrieval and, especially, as the issue is addressed in the future of the Web, the called Semantic Web. Methodology: Bibliographical research. Results: In the classical models studied here, it was realized that the main concern is retrieving documents whose description is closest to the search expression used by the user, which does not necessarily imply that this really needs. In semantic retrieval is the use of ontologies, feature that extends the user's search for a wider range of possible relevant options. Conclusions: The relevance is a subjective judgment and inherent to the user, it will depend on the interaction with the system and especially the fact that he expects to recover in your search. Systems that are based on a model of relevance are not popular, because it requires greater interaction and depend on the user's disposal. The Semantic Web is so far the initiative more efficient in the case of information retrieval in the digital environment.

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The research presents as its central theme the study of the bibliographic record conversion process. The object of study is framed by an understanding of analogic bibliographic record conversion to the Bibliograhpic MARC21 format, based on a syntactic and semantic analysis of records described according to descriptive metadata structure standards and content standards. The objective of this research the objective is to develop a theoretical-conceptual model of syntactic and semantic of bibliographic records, from Linguistic studies of Saussure and Hjelmslev of manifestations of human language, which subsidizes the development of a computacional interpreter, focused to the conversion of bibliographic records to MARC21 Bibliographic Format, which can be confirmed both the semantic value of the informational resource represented as the reliability of the representation. Given the aforementioned objectives, the methodological trajectory of the research is based on the qualitative approach, of an exploratory, descriptive and experimental nature, and with recourse to the literature. Contributions on the theoretical plane can be envisaged regarding the development of questions inherent to the syntactic and semantic aspects of bibliographic records, and by involving, at the same time, interdisciplinarity between Information Science, Computer Science and Linguistics. Contributions to the practical field are identified by the fact the study covers the development of the Scan for MARC, a computational interpreter that can be adopted by any institution that wishes to use the conversion procedure for bibliographic record databases to the MARC21 Bibliographic Format from description and visualization schemes of bibliographic records (AACR2r and ISBD), an aspect of the research which is considered innovative.

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Explores the concept of interoperability as a means of cooperation, stressing the importance of promoting them from consistent information policies. Highlights the dependence of interoperability to the variations of language that account for sociocultural differences and associates its realization to common ontology construction as a means of enabling structures that can be integrated. Emphasizes the importance of using categories to provide the entire organization and to facilitate access by offering support the process of categorizing on concrete terminologies of specific domains and areas of activity, discourse communities references or of the speeches actually made.

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Princeton WordNet (WN.Pr) lexical database has motivated efficient compilations of bulky relational lexicons since its inception in the 1980's. The EuroWordNet project, the first multilingual initiative built upon WN.Pr, opened up ways of building individual wordnets, and interrelating them by means of the so-called Inter-Lingual-Index, an unstructured list of the WN.Pr synsets. Other important initiative, relying on a slightly different method of building multilingual wordnets, is the MultiWordNet project, where the key strategy is building language specific wordnets keeping as much as possible of the semantic relations available in the WN.Pr. This paper, in particular, stresses that the additional advantage of using WN.Pr lexical database as a resource for building wordnets for other languages is to explore possibilities of implementing an automatic procedure to map the WN.Pr conceptual relations as hyponymy, co-hyponymy, troponymy, meronymy, cause, and entailment onto the lexical database of the wordnet under construction, a viable possibility, for those are language-independent relations that hold between lexicalized concepts, not between lexical units. Accordingly, combining methods from both initiatives, this paper presents the ongoing implementation of the WN.Br lexical database and the aforementioned automation procedure illustrated with a sample of the automatic encoding of the hyponymy and co-hyponymy relations.

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

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The lexicon is the cultural heritage of a people. It is composed by the linguistic and extra-linguistic experience gained over the years and consists of different systems, among them the lexical set of colors that has collaborated on lexical expansion in common discourse as well as in specialized discourse, providing the interaction and equilibrium among the different levels of specialization of discourse. This work aims at talking about the role of the field of colors in formation of new lexical units in Botany and Zoology, as well as its performance in the intersection between the common and specialized discourse.