A inserção da regulamentação da profissão na área de Educação Física, dez anos depois: embates, debates e perspectivas

This text argues some questions controversies on the regulation of the profession. Our interest is to give a theoretical basement of a side, and to hear the citizens directly related on these controversies of another one. For this we first decide to clarify the initial aspects of the regulation of the professions, stops later making an analysis of the law and resolutions of the Advice presenting: (a) the meaning; (b) attributions and abilities; (c) the limit for the fiscalization and of the power of polices and (d) to point the typical activities of the professional. Concluded this part we will raise an controversial subject that appeared in these last five years: the subordination of the dance, yoga, martial arts to the Federal Advice of Physical Education.

A institucionalização da ciência da informação no Brasil sob a ótica da evolução quantitativa dos cursos de graduação na área

The study describes the process of scientific institutionalization of Information Science in Brazil, from quantitative analysis of the development of undergraduate courses in the area. As body of research, it considers the following courses: Librarianship, Archival Science, Museology, Information Science and Management one, created between the years 1910 and 2008. It is noted that the growth trend of the quantity of courses reflects the importance given to information in the current context. However, the diversity of nomenclature and conceptual differences in the theoretical field illustrate the epistemological fragility of the area, as well as the search for greater professional visibility in society.

Redefining functional models of basal ganglia organisation: Role for the posteroventral pallidum in linguistic processing?

Traditionally the basal ganglia have been implicated in motor behavior, as they are involved in both the execution of automatic actions and the modification of ongoing actions in novel contexts. Corresponding to cognition, the role of the basal ganglia has not been defined as explicitly. Relative to linguistic processes, contemporary theories of subcortical participation in language have endorsed a role for the globus pallidus internus (GPi) in the control of lexical-semantic operations. However, attempts to empirically validate these postulates have been largely limited to neuropsychological investigations of verbal fluency abilities subsequent to pallidotomy. We evaluated the impact of bilateral posteroventral pallidotomy (BPVP) on language function across a range of general and high-level linguistic abilities, and validated/extended working theories of pallidal participation in language. Comprehensive linguistic profiles were compiled up to 1 month before and 3 months after BPVP in 6 subjects with Parkinson's disease (PD). Commensurate linguistic profiles were also gathered over a 3-month period for a nonsurgical control cohort of 16 subjects with PD and a group of 16 non-neurologically impaired controls (NC). Nonparametric between-groups comparisons were conducted and reliable change indices calculated, relative to baseline/3-month follow-up difference scores. Group-wise statistical comparisons between the three groups failed to reveal significant postoperative changes in language performance. Case-by-case data analysis relative to clinically consequential change indices revealed reliable alterations in performance across several language variables as a consequence of BPVP. These findings lend support to models of subcortical participation in language, which promote a role for the GPi in lexical-semantic manipulation mechanisms. Concomitant improvements and decrements in postoperative performance were interpreted within the context of additive and subtractive postlesional effects. Relative to parkinsonian cohorts, clinically reliable versus statistically significant changes on a case by case basis may provide the most accurate method of characterizing the way in which pathophysiologically divergent basal ganglia linguistic circuits respond to BPVP.

PACAP stimulates dopamine neuronal activity in the medial basal hypothalamus and inhibits prolactin

In sheep intracerebroventricular injection of PACAP (10 nmol) significantly (P < 0.01) stimulated the levels of the dopamine metabolite DOPAC within the medial basal hypothalamus las measured by in vivo microdialysis) and this effect was temporally correlated with a significant (P < 0.05) suppression in peripheral prolactin concentrations. This result is in accord with the hypothesis that PACAP suppresses prolactin secretion from the anterior pituitary gland by stimulating dopamine release from tuberoinfundibular dopaminergic neurons. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V.

Anthropometric measures in relation to Basal Cell Carcinoma: a longitudinal study

Background: The relationship between anthropometric indices and risk of basal cell carcinoma ( BCC) is largely unknown. We aimed to examine the association between anthropometric measures and development of BCC and to demonstrate whether adherence to World Health Organisation guidelines for body mass index, waist circumference, and waist/ hip ratio was associated with risk of BCC, independent of sun exposure. Methods: Study participants were participants in a community- based skin cancer prevention trial in Nambour, a town in southeast Queensland ( latitude 26 degrees S). In 1992, height, weight, and waist and hip circumferences were measured for all 1621 participants and weight was remeasured at the end of the trial in 1996. Prevalence proportion ratios were calculated using a log- binomial model to estimate the risk of BCC prior to or prevalent in 1992, while Poisson regression with robust error variances was used to estimate the relative risk of BCC during the follow- up period. Results: At baseline, 94 participants had a current BCC, and 202 had a history of BCC. During the 5- year follow- up period, 179 participants developed one or more new BCCs. We found no significant association between any of the anthropometric measures or indices and risk of BCC after controlling for potential confounding factors including sun exposure. There was a suggestion that short- term weight gain may increase the risk of developing BCC for women only. Conclusion: Adherence to World Health Organisation guidelines for body mass index, waist circumference and waist/ hip ratio is not significantly associated with occurrence of basal cell carcinomas of the skin.

Intracellular free Ca2+ and basal Mn2+ influx in cultured aortic smooth muscle cells from spontaneously hypertensive and normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rats.

Numerous studies investigating the possible role of altered Ca2+ homeostasis in hypertension have compared resting and agonist-stimulated intracellular free Ca2+ ([Ca2+](i)) in cultured aortic smooth muscle cells from spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) and normotensive Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats. However, such studies have not given consistent results. Differences in the method used to load cells with the Ca2+-sensitive indicator fura-2 have been investigated here as a possible source of variability between studies. We also describe the adaptation of a fluorescence technique for the assessment of basal Ca2+ permeability in SHR and WKY through the measurement of Mn2+ influx. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that basal Ca2+ influx is elevated in cultured aortic smooth muscle cells from SHR compared to those from WKY. However, this was not reflected as a significant difference between the two strains in basal or angiotensin II (200 nmol/L)stimulated [Ca2+](i). Furthermore, this result was not dependent on the protocol used to load cells with fura-2. Hence, measurement of bulk [Ca2+](i) does not appear to be the most sensitive parameter for altered Ca2+ homeostasis in SHR. Other compartments of the cell may better reflect altered Ca2+ fluxes in hypertension and are discussed in this work.

PTCH1 gene mutations in exon 17 and loss of heterozygosity on D9S180 microsatellite in sporadic and inherited human basal cell carcinomas

Background Basal cell carcinomas (BCCs) are the most frequent human cancer that results from malignant transformation of basal cells in the epidermis. Gorlin syndrome is a rare inherited autosomal dominant disease that predisposes with multiple BCCs and other birth defects. Both sporadic and inherited BCCs are associated with mutations in the tumor suppressor gene PTCH1, but there is still uncertainty on the role of its homolog PTCH2. Objectives To search for mutations and genomic instability in sporadic and inherited BCCs. Methods DNA obtained from leukocytes and tumor cells was amplified by polymerase chain reaction regarding five exons of PTCH1 and PTCH2 and neighboring microsatellites. Exons were sequenced and compared with the GenBank database. Results Only D9S180, of six microsatellites, showed loss of heterozygosity in three BCCs (two sporadic and one inherited). One sporadic BCC presented the mutation g. 2885G>C in exon 17 of PTCH1, which predicts the substitution p.R962T in an external domain of the protein. In addition, the leukocytes and tumor cells of one patient with Gorlin syndrome showed the mutation g. 2839T>G in the same exon and gene, which predicts a p.E947stop and truncated protein. All control and tumor samples presented IVS9 + 217T in intron 9 of PTCH1. Conclusion Mutations found in the PTCH1 gene and neighboring repetitive sequences may have contributed to the development of the studied BCCs.

De novo mutations of the Patched gene in nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome help to define the clinical phenotype

The demonstration that mutations in the Patched (PTCH) gene cause nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome (NBCCS) has led to the identification of the exact molecular lesion in a percentage of individuals with the syndrome, In addition, it has been possible to determine, through molecular analysis of parents and other relatives of these individuals, if the mutation is inherited or has arisen de novo, We have previously reported 28 mutations in individuals with NBCCS, and here we present an additional 4 novel mutations, We have also analyzed relatives of a number of the individuals in whom we have found mutations, In total we have identified 8 individuals who carry a de novo mutation in the PTCH gene, In 5 of these cases, clinical and radiological examination had not unequivocally ruled out a diagnosis in one of the parents, This helps to define the clinical phenotype and suggests that diagnostic criteria in this complex syndrome may require review. (C) 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

Imiquimod 5% Cream for the Treatment of Periocular Basal Cell Carcinoma

Purpose: The objective of this pilot study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of 5% imiquimod cream in the treatment of periocular basal cell carcinoma (BCC) through the analysis of a case series. Methods: Eight subjects with primary nodular BCC of the eyelid were recruited. Treatment lasted 10 to 16 weeks. The average follow-up time was 11.7 months. Results: Of a total of 10 lesions, 80% resolved clinically and histologically and have remained asymptomatic since. Conclusion: Imiquimod cream 5% was shown to be an attractive alternative to surgical treatment of periocular BCC. Future studies with larger samples and longer follow-up periods are expected to provide more accurate information on the efficacy and safety of the drug.

Vitamin D-Resistant Rickets Type II-A, Basal Ganglia Calcification, and Catatonia: A Casual or Causal Relationship?

Background: Vitamin D-resistant rickets type-IIA (VDRR-IIA) is a rare, congenital, metabolic disorder characterized by hypocalcemia, rickets, and alopecia. There are reports correlating calcium-metabolic disorders with basal ganglia calcification (BGC) and neuropsychiatric symptoms. Objective: The authors document and discuss the relationships of these phenomena. Method: The authors describe a patient born with VDRR-IIA who subsequently developed BGC at age 15, and catatonic symptoms of progressive severity at age 16. Results: There appeared to be a positive correlation between the severity of BGC and neuropsychiatric symptoms. Discussion: This is the first time VDRR-IIA, BGC, and catatonia have been reported in a patient, and the authors discuss the relationship among the conditions. (Psychosomatics 2009; 50: 420-424)

Elevation of Uterine Basal Tone and Fetal Heart Rate Abnormalities After Labor Analgesia A Randomized Controlled Trial

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the effects of combined spinal-epidural and traditional epidural analgesia on uterine basal tone and its association with the occurrence of fetal heart rate (FHR) abnormalities. METHODS: Seventy-seven laboring patients who requested pain relief during labor were randomly assigned to combined spinal-epidural (n=41) or epidural analgesia (n=36). Uterine contractions and FHR were recorded 15 minutes before and after analgesia. Uterine tone was evaluated with intrauterine pressure catheter. Primary outcomes were the elevation of baseline uterine tone and occurrence of FHR prolonged decelerations or bradycardia after analgesia. The influence of other variables such as oxytocin use, hypotension, and speed of pain relief were estimated using a logistic regression model. RESULTS: The incidence of all outcomes was significantly greater in the combined spinal-epidural group compared with epidural: uterine hypertonus (17 compared with 6; P=.018), FHR abnormalities (13 compared with 2; P<.01), and both events simultaneously (11 compared with 1; P<.01). Logistic regression analysis showed the type of analgesia as the only independent predictor of uterine hypertonus (odds ratio 3.526, 95% confidence interval 1.21-10.36; P=.022). For the occurrence of FHR abnormalities, elevation of uterine tone was the independent predictor (odds ratio 18.624, 95% confidence interval 4.46-77.72; P<.001). Regression analysis also found a correlation between decrease on pain scores immediately after analgesia and the estimated probability of occurrence of hypertonus and FHR abnormalities. CONCLUSION: Combined spinal-epidural analgesia is associated with a significantly greater incidence of FHR abnormalities related to uterine hypertonus compared with epidural analgesia. The faster the pain relief after analgesia, the higher the probability of uterine hypertonus and FHR changes. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: Umin Clinical Trials Registry, http://www.umin.ac.jp/ctr/index.htm, UMIN000001186