Exercise training in the aerobic/anaerobic metabolic transition prevents glucose intolerance in alloxan-treated rats

Background: Ninety percent of cases of diabetes are of the slowly evolving non-insulin-dependent type, or Type 2 diabetes. Lack of exercise is regarded as one of the main causes of this disorder. In this study we analyzed the effects of physical exercise on glucose homeostasis in adult rats with type 2 diabetes induced by a neonatal injection of alloxan. Methods: Female Wistar rats aged 6 days were injected with either 250 mg/ kg of body weight of alloxan or citrate buffer 0.01 M (controls). After weaning, half of the animals in each group were subjected to physical training adjusted to meet the aerobic-anaerobic metabolic transition by swimming 1 h/day for 5 days a week with weight overloads. The necessary overload used was set and periodically readjusted for each rat through effort tests based on the maximal lactate steady state procedure. When aged 28, 60, 90, and 120 days, the rats underwent glucose tolerance tests (GTT) and their peripheral insulin sensitivity was evaluated using the HOMA index. Results: The area under the serum glucose curve obtained through GTT was always higher in alloxan-treated animals than in controls. A decrease in this area was observed in trained alloxan-treated rats at 90 and 120 days old compared with non-trained animals. At 90 days old the trained controls showed lower HOMA indices than the non-trained controls. Conclusion: Neonatal administration of alloxan induced a persistent glucose intolerance in all injected rats, which was successfully counteracted by physical training in the aerobic/anaerobic metabolic transition. © 2008 Mota et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

Utilization of neuromuscular electrical stimulation in the acute phase of ankle immobilization at 90°: Study in rats

Objective: To evaluate the skeletal muscle glycogen content and plasmatic concentration of interleukin -6 (IL-6), interleukin-4 (IL-4), interleukin-10 (IL-10) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in rats submitted to electrical stimulation sessions during the first three days of ankle immobilization at the position of 90°. Methods: Albinomale Wistar rats(3-4 months) were maintained in vivarium. conditions with food and water ad libitum, Submitted to 12 h photoperiodic cycles of light/dark, and distributed into 7 experimental groups (n = 6): control(C), immobilized 1 day(I1) immobilized 1 day and electrically stimulated(IE1) immobilized 2 days(12), immobilized 2 days and electrically stimulated(IE2), immobilized 3 days(13) and immobilized 3 days and electrically stimulated(IE3). Groups I utilized an acrylic resin orthesis model and groups electrically stimulated (IE) utilized the orthesis and a session of electrotherapy by a Dualpex 961 (biphasic quadratic pulse, 10 Hz, 0.4 ms, 5.0 mA, one 20 min session a day). After the experimental period, the rats were anesthetized with pentobarbital sodium(40 mg/kg) and a blood sample was colleted to evaluate the plasmatic concentration of interleukins by means of the radioimmunoassay method. The soleus and the white portion of the gastrocnemius muscle were colleted for glycogen reserves analysis(GLY). Other groups of rats were used to apply the glucose tolerance test(GTT) and insulin tolerance test(ITT). For statistical analysis, the Kolmogorov-Smirnov normality test followed by ANOVA and the Tukey tests were utilized, with a critical level established at 5%. Results: In ITT test, groups IE enhanced the skeletal muscle glucose uptake, but no changes were observed in GTT after the therapy session, which indicates that electrical stimulation is a sensibilizing method to augment skeletal muscle glucose uptake. The GLY reserves were reduced in I groups, which indicate that disuse altered insulin sensitivity and compromised energetic homeostasis. However. the IE groups displayed an augment in GLY content, suggesting that electrical stimulation restores the enzymatic pathways altered by immobilization. The improvement in GLY was accompanied by an elevation of the plasmatic concentration of IL-6 and TNF-α, showing the participation of these interleukins in the control of metabolic profile. Plasmatic concentrations of IL-10 were elevated only after 3 days of IE while IL-4 did not display any modifications. Conclusion: The results suggest that neuromuscular electricaf stimulation is an important toot in the maintenance of energetic, conditions of musculature submitted to immobilization, and presents multifactor mechanisms linked to interleukins action that converge to maintain the energetic equilibrium of the tissue in disuse.

Insulina pancreática de ratos diabéticos tipo 1 submetidos a um protocolo de treinamento físico individualizado

Since diabetes mellitus is considered a world public health problem, the present study aimed to evaluate oral glucose tolerance (TTGo) and pancreatic insulin concentration (PIC) of type I diabetic rats subjected to an individualized exercise training protocol. A total of 40 adult Wistar rats were used, half of which induced to diabetes by alloxan (32 mg/kg) endovenous injection, and divided into four groups (10 per group): Sedentary Control (SC), Trained Control (TC), Sedentary Diabetic (SD) and Trained Diabetic (TD). The physical training consisted of swimming, 1 h/day, 5 days/week during 8 weeks, supporting overload equivalent to 90% of the individual anaerobic/aerobic metabolic transition determined at the beginning of the experiment. The rats of SD and TD groups presented body weight reduction in relation to controls, which was less accentuated in TD group. Water and food ingestion increased in the diabetic groups in relation to controls. The areas under the serum glucose curve during the GTTo of diabetic groups were higher than the controls. Physical training attenuated this elevation. The diabetic groups showed reduced PIC when compared to both control groups. The physical training protocol employed improved glucose homeostasis and attenuated the body weight loss of diabetic animals but did not alter pancreatic insulin concentration. © FTCD/FIP-MOC.

Infliximab prevents increased systolic blood pressure and upregulates the AKT/eNOS pathway in the aorta of spontaneously hypertensive rats

High systolic blood pressure caused by endothelial dysfunction is a comorbidity of metabolic syndrome that is mediated by local inflammatory signals. Insulin-induced vasorelaxation due to endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) activation is highly dependent on the activation of the upstream insulin-stimulated serine/threonine kinase (AKT) and is severely impaired in obese, hypertensive rodents and humans. Neutralisation of circulating tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) with infliximab improves glucose homeostasis, but the consequences of this pharmacological strategy on systolic blood pressure and eNOS activation are unknown. To address this issue, we assessed the temporal changes in the systolic pressure of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) treated with infliximab. We also assessed the activation of critical proteins that mediate insulin activity and TNFα-mediated insulin resistance in the aorta and cardiac left ventricle. Our data demonstrate that infliximab prevents the upregulation of both systolic pressure and left ventricle hypertrophy in SHR. These effects paralleled an increase in AKT/eNOS phosphorylation and a reduction in the phosphorylation of inhibitor of nuclear factor-κB (Iκβ) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) in the aorta. Overall, our study revealed the cardiovascular benefits of infliximab in SHR. In addition, the present findings further suggested that the reduction of systolic pressure and left ventricle hypertrophy by infliximab are secondary effects to the reduction of endothelial inflammation and the recovery of AKT/eNOS pathway activation. © 2012 Elsevier B.V.

Impacto da desnutrição fetal/neonatal e do exercício durante a recuperação nutricional sobre lipídios teciduais e homeostase glicêmica de ratos

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Marcadores da síndrome metabólica e da capacidade aeróbia de ratos (Rattus Norvegicus Albinus, Wistar) em diferentes idades: efeito do exercício

Pós-graduação em Ciências da Motricidade - IBRC

Avaliação do sinal insulínico em ratos adultos com doença periodontal

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Indicadores de síndrome metabólica em meninas púberes

Pós-graduação em Biociências e Biotecnologia Aplicadas à Farmácia - FCFAR

Impacto da desnutrição intrauterina na homeostase glicêmica e na capacidade aeróbia de ratos

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Avaliação das atividades antinociceptiva e anti-inflamatória do extrato hidroetanólico de partes aéreas de Portulaca pilosa L. (Portulacaceae)

Este estudo investigou a toxicidade aguda oral, o efeito antinociceptivo em modelos de nocicepção química e térmica, bem como a atividade anti-inflamatória em modelos de carragenina e óleo de cróton do extrato hidroetanólico de partes aéreas de Portulaca pilosa (EHEPp). Identificou também alguns possíveis mecanismos envolvidos na antinocicepção do extrato, além dos seus efeitos sobre o sistema nervoso central de ratos. No teste de toxicidade aguda oral, o tratamento com EHEPp (2000 mg/kg) não causou óbitos. No teste de contorções abdominais induzidas por ácido acético, o EHEPp (100, 200, 400 e 600 mg/kg), por via oral (v.o.), reduziu significantemente o número de contorções em 18.18, 33.25, 47.27, 65.81 e 73.94%, respectivamente. No teste da placa quente, o tratamento com EHEPp (200, 400 e 600 mg/kg, v.o.) não alterou a latência ao estímulo térmico de 50 ± 0,5 ºC. No teste da formalina, o tratamento com EHEPp (200,400 e 600mg/kg, v.o.) reduziu de maneira significativa o tempo de lambida nas fases neurogênica (1ª fase) em 38.79, 60.61 e 75.18 %, e inflamatória (2ª fase) em 49.23, 53.03 e 87.53 %, respectivamente. A administração prévia de naloxona reverteu, significativamente, o efeito do EHEPp (600 mg/kg, v.o.) em ambas as fases do teste da formalina. O pré-tratamento com o L-NAME e azul de metileno reverteu o efeito do EHEPp (600 mg/kg, v.o.) de maneira significante em ambas as fases do teste da formalina. O pré-tratamento com o fármaco glibenclamida também reverteu de maneira significativa o efeito do EHEPp (600 mg/kg, v.o.) em ambas as fases do teste da formalina. O EHEPp, na dose 600 mg/kg, v.o., não afetou a atividade locomotora dos ratos submetidos ao teste do campo aberto. No teste de edema de pata induzido por carragenina e edema de orelha induzido pelo óleo cróton, o EHEPp (400 e 600 mg/kg, v.o.) não inibiu a formação de edema de maneira significante em ambos os testes. Os resultados deste estudo mostraram que o HEEPp, oralmente, apresentou baixa toxicidade e sua atuação antinociceptiva observada na fase neurogênica pode envolver interações periféricas com receptores opióides e ativação da via NO/GCs/GMPc/ K_ATP. Já a atividade antinociceptiva observada na fase inflamatória parece não depender de inibição da via bioquímica fosfolipase A2/ciclo-oxigenases, mas de interações periféricas com receptores opióides e com a via NO/GCs/GMPc/K_ATP.

Hiperglicemia materna: efeitos no cuidado materno e no desenvolvimento e comportamento dos descendentes

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Influence of creatine supplementation on indicators of glucose metabolism in skeletal muscle of exercised rats

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Aerobic Training Prevents Dexamethasone-Induced Peripheral Insulin Resistance

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

O exercício físico é capaz de melhorar expressão de AMPK e GLUT4 em músculo esquelético de ratos alcoolistas e/ou tabagistas

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Reatividade e tolerância ao calor de fêmeas ovinas de diferentes grupos genéticos

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)