Scrotal Thermography and Doppler Ultrasonography of the Testicular Artery of Buffaloes Subjected to Environmental Heat Stress

The process of spermatic division and differentiation (spermatogenesis) occurs with intratesticular temperature lower that the corporal temperature and for that is essential that the testicular thermoregulation mechanism occurs properly. For evaluation of the scrotal surface temperature can be used the infrared thermography or testicular sensors, besides that, can be evaluated the blood flux in the spermatic cord through the Doppler ultrasonography. Therefore the objective of this study was the evaluation of the scrotal thermography and Doppler flowmetry of the testicular artery of buffaloes subjected to environmental heat stress. For that were used seven healthy buffaloes, with age of 3 and 4 years, of the Murrah breed. For the surface scrotal temperature measurement (SST, degrees C) and superficial neck temperature (SNT, degrees C) was used the infrared termography (Infra Cam (TM) of the brand FLIR Systems Inc.), then Doppler flowmetry of the testicular artery in the region of the spermatic cord through the ultrasonography (Mylab 5, Esaote (R)) and measurement of the rectal temperature (RT, degrees C). The evaluations were done in two moments: moment 1 (M1) with all the animals in the shade (Temperature=32,2 degrees C) and moment 2 (M2) after 3 hours of exposure of animals to the sun (Temperature=38,7 degrees C To calculate the resistivity index (RI) and pulsatility index (PI), spectra were obtained from pulsed Doppler in three random regions of the testicular artery in the spermatic cord. Data were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by T test, using a significance level of 5%. There was an increase (p<0,05) of RT (37,4 +/- 0,4(a) vs 39,0 +/- 0,3(b); M1 and M2 respectively), SST (30,6 +/- 1,4(a) vs 35,2,0 +/- 1,0(b); M1 and M2 respectively) and SNT (33,1 +/- 2,5(a) vs 38,5,0 +/- 0,3(b); M1 e M2 respectively) e RI (0,67 +/- 0,1(a) vs 0,74 +/- 0,1(b); M1 e M2 respectively) in M2. Increasing trend was observed (0,05>p>0,01) in PI (1,10 +/- 0,4(a) vs 1,23 +/- 0,2(b); M1 and M2 respectively) in M2. The results of the present study allow us to conclude the healthy buffaloes have the scrotal average surface temperature 3 degrees C lower that the body temperature and that the exposure of 3 hours to sun in healthy buffaloes causes thermal stress to the animals and changes in its surface scrotal temperature, and the Doppler flowmetry of the testicular artery demonstrating the importance of thermal management for breeding buffaloes. Besides that, the thermography and the Doppler ultrasonography presented great potential to detect changes of testicular perfusion, being a promising additional test in the buffalo andrological evaluation.

Sildenafil citrate on retrobulbar and retinal circulation of rabbits

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Biometry by ultrasonography of the epaxial and pelvic musculature in equines trained with Pessoa's rein

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Determination of equine fetal sex by Doppler ultrasonography of the gonads

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Influence of nanoparticles on color stability, microhardness, and flexural strength of acrylic resins specific for ocular prosthesis

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Contribution in the diagnosis of ultrasonography perinephric pseudocyst uriniferous in a feline - case report

The renal pseudocysts are accumulations of fluid unilateral or bilateral perirenal location, contained in a capsule without epithelium, a characteristic that distinguishes them from true renal cysts. The capsule itself may have originated in the renal capsule or a localized inflammatory reaction. The nature of the fluid can vary, but the presence of ooze found the most common, but they are also called pseudocysts accumulations of urine, blood and lymph. The most frequently observed clinical sign is abdominal distention. However these nonspecific signs may be related to chronic kidney disease and azotemia that may develop before or after the formation of this lesion. The abdominal ultrasound is less invasive and allows you to diagnose this change more easily, also allowing the collection of fluid guided percutaneous and submit it to cytological, biochemical and bacteriological in order to obtain information about its nature. This paper aims to describe a case of perinephric pseudocyst in a cat uriniferous, highlighting the contribution ultrasound as a diagnostic method complementary quick and noninvasive, allowing evaluation of the architecture of the renal parenchyma, differentiation of cortex and spinal cord as well as detect changes in size and shape of it, aiming for better planning in clinical surgery.

Collaboration of ultrasonography in the diagnosis of thyroid gland carcinoma in a dog - case report

The sonographic evaluation of thyroid glands in veterinary medicine presents challenges due to the complexity of the anatomical region, professional experience and type of ultrasonography equipment. The technique is considered a versatile diagnostic method that is noninvasive and has a low cost indicated in different clinical situations. Thyroid carcinoma is a malignant tumor that is often invasive and frequently metastatic to regional lymph nodes and lungs. The prognostic indicators for survival after surgery include tumor size, histological type, mobility and presence or absence of metastasis. The objective of the present report is to demonstrate the importance of ultrasound as a complementary method in the evaluation of thyroid carcinoma in dogs. At the Dr. Halim Atique Veterinary Hospital, an eight-year-old male Pit Bull was examined due to a history of firm painless swelling, approximately six inches in diameter, in the ventral cervical region, for about two months. The sonogram showed a nodular area, with defined and regular margins, and heterogeneous hypoechoic parenchyma, with areas of cavitation and swelling of the thyroid. Histopathology of the nodule was consistent with carcinoma. After thyreoidectomy and hormone replacemet, the patient is in good clinical condition.

Conventional and Doppler Abdominal Ultrasonography in Pacas (Cuniculus paca)

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Avaliação da adesão de Staphylococcus spp. em resina acrílica específica para prótese ocular e alteração de cor de botões de íris artificiais, variando a cor e as técnicas de obtenção, ambos após desinfecção química

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Bloqueio pericoal guiado por ultrassom: ensaio clínico randonizado

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Biometria ocular na espécie Cebus apella

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Ultrasonography of the conceptus development from days 15 to 60 of pregnancy in non-cyclic recipient mares

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Ophthalmic parameters in adult Shih Tzu dogs

Ocular surface diseases are often diagnosed in brachycephalic dogs. The ophthalmic parameters of the Shih Tzu dogs are evaluated in this study since this breed is among the most commonly affected by these diseases. In this study, ophthalmic parameters of this breed were partly studied under physical restraint. Schirmer tear test, breakup time test, aesthesiometry, biomicroscopy, non-contact specular microscopy, laser flaremetry, applanation tonometry, ultrasonography and ophthalmoscopy were carried in 48 eyes of 24 male and female dogs, aged from two to four years, weighing between 5 and 10kg. All dogs were from a breeding kennel. Descriptive statistics were applied to the data. Mean and standard error for Schirmer tear test was 26.145±0.803mm min-1; breakup time test, 13.668±0.538s; and aesthesiometry, 2.395±0.071cm. The biomicroscopy evaluation showed that 70.83% of the eyes had medial entropion; 42% caruncular trichiasis; 33% distichiasis, 27% mild paracentral corneal opacity; and 13% corneal melanosis. Mean and standard error for endothelial cell density was 2221.591±20.161cells mm-2; endothelial cell hexagonality, 63.770±1.805%; endothelial cell area, 451.895±4.179mm2; central corneal thickness, 0.490±0.007 mm; laser flaremetry, 1.720±0.216PC ms-1; applanation tonometry, 16.118±0.460mmHg; axial length, 20.255±0.134mm; lens thickness, 6.624±0.031mm; anterior chamber, 4.064±0.109mm; and vitreous chamber, 9.565±0.054mm. Ophthalmoscopy findings were not different from previous reports for other breeds. The results showed that the ophthalmic Shih Tzu parameters did not differ from other breeds according to data in the literature, except for the breakup time and Cochet-Bonnet aesthesiometry.

Conventional and Doppler ultrasonography on a goat with gangrenous mastitis

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