Avaliação de parâmetros indicadores de poluição por efluente líquido de um aterro sanitário

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Agarose gel electrophoresis of cerebrospinal fluid proteins of dogs after sample concentration using a membrane microconcentrator technique

Background: Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is produced in the cerebral ventricles through ultrafiltration of plasma and active transport mechanisms. Evaluation of proteins in CSF may provide important information about the production of immunoglobulins within the central nervous system as well as possible disturbances in the blood-brain barrier. Objective: the objective of this study was to measure the concentration and fractions of protein in CSF samples using a membrane microconcentrator technique followed by electrophoresis, and to compare the protein fractions obtained with those in serum. Methods: CSF samples from 3 healthy dogs and 3 dogs with canine distemper virus infection were concentrated using a membrane microconcentrator having a 0.5 to 30,000 d nominal molecular weight limit (Ultrafree, Millipore, Billerica, MA, USA). Protein concentration was determined before and after concentration. Agarose gel electrophoresis was done on concentrated CSF samples, serum, and serial dilutions of one of the CSF samples. Results: Electrophoretic bands were clearly identified in densitometer tracings in CSF samples with protein concentrations as low as 1.3 g/dL. The higher CSF protein concentration in dogs with distemper was mainly the result of increased albumin concentration. Conclusion: the microconcentrating method used in this study enables characterization of the main protein fractions in CSF by routine electrophoresis and may be useful for interpreting the underlying cause of changes in CSF protein concentrations

ALCOHOL IN CEREBROSPINAL-FLUID (CSF) AND ALCOHOLISM

Alcohol levels were measured in 15 cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples and 14 blood samples from grade III and IV male alcoholic patients with signs of nervous system involvement, and compared with levels detected in 11 CSF samples and 11 blood samples from abstemious patients or patients with grade I or II alcoholism whose CSF had been found to be normal by routine analysis (controls). Among the alcoholic patients, alcohol levels were lower in the CSF than in blood, whereas the opposite was true for the controls. The possible mechanisms underlying this difference are discussed and the need for further study of this topic is emphasized.

Levels of matrix metalloproteinase-2 and metalloproteinase-9 in the cerebrospinal fluid of dogs with visceral leishmaniasis

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Endocrine changes in cerebrospinal fluid, pituitary effluent, and peripheral plasma of anesthetized ponies

Objective - To investigate the effects of inhalation and total IV anesthesia on pituitary-adrenal activity in ponies. Animals - 9 healthy ponies: 5 geldings and 4 mares. Procedure - Catheters were placed in the cavernous sinus below the pituitary gland and in the subarachnoid space via the lumbosacral space. After 72 hours, administration of acepromazine was followed by induction of anesthesia with thiopentone and maintenance with halothane (halothane protocol), or for the IV protocol, anesthesia induction with detomidine and ketamine was followed by maintenance with IV infusion of a detomidine-ketamine-guaifenesin combination. Arterial blood pressure and gas tensions were measured throughout anesthesia. Peptide and catecholamine concentrations were measured in pituitary effluent, peripheral plasma, and CSF. Peripheral plasma cortisol, glucose, and lactate concentrations also were measured. Results - Intravenous anesthesia caused less cardiorespiratory depression than did halothane. ACTH, metenkephalin, arginine vasopressin, and norepinephrine pituitary effluent and peripheral plasma concentrations were higher during halothane anesthesia, with little change during intravenous anesthesia. Pituitary effluent plasma β-endorphin and peripheral plasma cortisol concentrations increased during halothane anesthesia only. Dynorphin concentrations did not change in either group. Hyperglycemia developed during intravenous anesthesia only Minimal changes occurred in CSF hormonal concentrations during anesthesia. Conclusion - The pituitary gland has a major role in maintaining circulating peptides during anesthesia. Compared with halothane, IV anesthesia appeared to suppress pituitary secretion.

Use of the paired samples (cerebrospinal fluid and serum) in immunodiagnostic of active and inactive human neurocysticercosis

Paired samples of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum of 30 patients - 10 with active, 10 with inactive neurocysticercosis (NCC), and 10 control subjects - were evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using two Taenia crassiceps metacestode extracts as antigen in order to detect IgG antibodies. In active NCC, high levels of IgG were detected (p < 0.05). The CSF samples showed 80% (CI 72-88) of reactivity in the saline extract (S) and 90% (CI 84-95) in sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) and the serum samples were reactive in 90% (CI 84-95) and 100% (CI 98-100) in the S and SDS antigenic extracts, respectively. The use of the paired samples of CSF and serum in active NCC showed equivalent results suggesting that the serum samples could be used as a screening in those patients whose CSF puncture is counter-indicated.

Verificação da atividade antibacteriana de sabonete líquido contendo extrato glicólico de Dimorphandra mollis Benth.

Dimorphandra mollis Benth., Compositae, false barbatimão, has been used topically as a healing, astringent and antibacterial. In this study, antibacterial activity was verified on liquid soap containing glycolic extract of D. mollis (DGE) at different concentrations (8, 15 and 20%) and at different pH levels (6 and 8). Five soap formulations (F) were prepared: F1 - tryclosan (0.1%), F2 - DGE (8%), F3 - DGE (15%), F4 - DGE (20%) and F5 - without preservatives. Bark of D. mollis were dried in a circulating air oven and ground. The rude extracts were prepared by turbo extraction with ethanol. After screening, the extract were concentrated in rotating evaporator, lyophilized and resuspended in propileneglycol to obtain the glycolic extract. The antimicrobial activity was verified by diffusion in agar method, using cylinder in plate. Plates containing Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli were incubated at 37°C for 24 hours. After incubation, the results were analysed with a pachymeter, observing the bacterial grouth inhibition halo diameter. It was verified that the liquid soap containing tryclosan caused on inhibition of bacterial growth at both pH levels; the soaps without preservatives and containing DGE, independently of the concentration and pH levels used, did not present antibacterial activity.

Indicadores bioquímicos séricos e do líquido peritoneal de equinos submetidos à obstrução intestinal

Twenty-four horses were distributed into four different groups, instrumented control (GI), duodenum obstruction (GII), ileum obstruction (GIII) and large colon obstruction (GIV). Serum and peritoneal fluid analysis of aspartate aminotransferase, creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase, inorganic phosphorus and lactate were measured. Samples were collected one hour before the surgical procedure (T0); 3 hours after the obstruction (T3ob), 1, 3, 12, 24, 120 and 168 hours after the beginning of reperfusion/deobstruction. Duodenal (GII) and ileum (GIII) obstructions changed serum and peritoneal fluid biochemical analysis. However, only lactate, lactate dehydrogenase, creatine kinase and inorganic phosphorus concentrations were abnormal in peritoneal fluid three hours after the obstruction. The biochemical analysis of peritoneal fluid allowed a faster diagnostic of intestinal alterations than the serum analysis; hence it should be prioritized when pre-operatory colic assessment is carried out.

Desenvolvimento e caracterização físico-química de sistemas líquido cristalinos contendo palmitato de retinol: quantificação química, avaliação da atividade antioxidante, estudos de liberação e bioadesão in vitro

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Syzygium cumini (L) Skeels-jambolão: estudo farmacognóstico, otimização do processo extrativo, determinação da atividade antimicrobiana do extrato e avaliação da atividade anti-séptica de um sabonete líquido contendo o referido extrato

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Concentrações de oxitetraciclina de longa ação vias sistêmica ou tópicas no leite, líquido sinovial e plasma de vacas acometidas de dermatite digital papilomatosa

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Proteínas de fase aguda no soro sanguíneo e no líquido peritoneal de equinos submetidos à obstrução intestinal experimental

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)