O Método de Kane aplicado a um modelo de corpo humano para obtenção da pressão intradiscal na coluna lombar

Nos últimos anos tem surgido vários métodos para se estudar sistemas multicorpos. A vantagem destes métodos é a obtenção das equações do movimento de forma mais fácil e precisa. Robôs, manipuladores, mecanismos, satélites, máquinas em geral e sistemas biomcânicos, pelas suas características, podem ser vantajosamente tratados por formalismo multicorpo, mas precisamente, o método de Kane a um modelo do corpo humano, com a finalidade de se determinar a pressão intradiscal entre as vértebras L4/L5 da coluna lombar, em algumas atividades normais de vida diária, como: sentar, abaixar, pegar e elevar cargas, realizar movimentos de flexão e extensão. Pretendeu-se, também obter os esforços internos nas diversas articulações deste modelo. A pressão intradiscal representa um parâmetro importante para caracterizar a sobrecarga na coluna, podendo ter relação com a degeneração do disco intervertebral, o que produz muita dor em indivíduos. Inicialmente, o modelo foi proposto e o método de Kane foi aplicado para se obter as equações do movimento. Para resolvê-las, foi necessário realiza a filmagem de um sujeito realizando as atividades citadas, a fim de se obter as equações das trajetórias dos diversos segmentos do corpo humano. Após a simulação, os parâmetros desejados foram obtidos e comparados com valores experimentais citados na literatura.

Acupuntura no tratamento de discopatias intervertebrais em cães

The intervertebral disc disease is considered a major neurological disorder involving the spinal cord, being a disease commonly seen in dogs in clinical practice of small animals. The pathophysiology of most discopathies have not been fully elucidated, but it is known that the symptoms observed will depend on the severity of spinal cord compression and location of spinal injury, ranging from localized pain to complete paralysis. Through a detailed clinical examination and laboratory tests, we choose the most appropriate treatment for each patient, which can be conservative, through the use of anti-inflammatories, analgesics and acupuncture or surgical, through decompression techniques. Acupuncture, therapeutic method of ancient Chinese medicine, uses the stimulation of specific points on the body in order to balance the body's physiological. The action mechanism of acupuncture in discopathies has not been fully elucidated, but its analgesic effects, anti-inflammatory and restoration of sensory and motor function are known, showing results as good as surgical therapy

Comparação dos efeitos de compressão isostática e compressão uniaxial na obtenção da liga NiTi por metalurgia do pó

Several alloys present the shape memory effect and among them, the equiatomic NiTi alloy, nitinol, is the most important one. It is usually used in several engineering applications and also in biomedical devices, in the fabrication of orthodontic wire, stents and Judet staples. Although a considerable amount of these biomedical devices is utilized in Brazil and a fraction of it is already made here, all nitinol used is bought abroad. Thus, it is important to develop the necessary know-how to fabricate NiTi wire and sheet. It would mean less importation with job creation and wealth generation for the country. In this work nitinol was obtained powder metallurgy from elemental powders of Ti and Ni using uniaxial compression and uniaxial compression followed by isostatic compression. The final densities achieved were determined by the Archimedes method. The precipitation of intermetallic secondary phases was studied and the samples were characterized by metallographic analysis, optical microscopy and X-ray diffraction. Results indicated that 50 hours sintering route showed a low amount of intermetallics, and no trace of unreacted powder. XRD and metallography at room temperature indicated B19’ as the predominant phase, which corresponds to martensite. Although density results showed little dispersion, the most dense sample was compacted under uniaxial compression and presented 4.8 g/cm3, corresponding to 20.84% porosity. Density variation was considered normal to the measurement process and independent of the compaction mode

Efeitos do metotrexate subaracnoideo sobre a medula espinal e as meninges de coelhos

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Avaliação da pressão liquórica em pacientes obstétricas submetidas à anestesia subaracnoidea que apresentaram cefaleia pós-punção dural

Pós-graduação em Anestesiologia - FMB

Uso de hialuronidato de sódio para tratamento de deslocamento anterior de disco articular com travamento bucal

Temporomandibular joint disorders causing limitation of mouth opening and pain may be related to the restriction of slipping or forward displacement of the mandibular condyle. Temporomandibluar arthrocentesis is the lavage of the joint and is regarded as a simple method that produces good results in patients with these symptoms. This article reports a case of disc displacement and closed lock in a patient who reported limited mouth opening and pain as the main symptoms. The treatment proposed was arthrocentesis and lavage, combining a corticosteroid with a sodium hyaluronate solution. It is concluded that arthrocentesis is a simple, efficient and barely invasive method for particular types of temporomandibular joint disorders and should be considered before opting for more invasive surgical procedures.

Mielografia e tomografia computadorizada de afecções compressivas da medula espinhal em cães

Pós-graduação em Cirurgia Veterinária - FCAV

Osteopatia como meio terapêutico nas disfunções temporomandibulares e dores orofaciais

Pós-graduação em Biopatologia Bucal - ICT

Qualidade da operação de semeadura de uma semeadora adubadora de plantio direto em função do tipo de martelete e velocidade de deslocamento

The current paper had as its objective to analyze the precision planter's operational performance according to five different displacement velocities and two types of jumpers for planting no-tillage corn. The utilized experimental delineation consisted of blocks at random with parcels subdivided in factorial scheme 2x5, two types of jumpers (4 and 5 staples) and five different displacement velocities (3.0; 4.5; 5.0; 7.0 e 9.0 km h-1) with four repetitions and by applying the average comparation test, as for the jumpers effects as for the displacement velocities effects, to the significance level of 5%. It was evaluated the data concerned to the longitudinal distribution of plants, average number of days for the emergence of seedlings, initial and final stand of plants, survival indices, mechanical harm on seeds, germination tests and grain production. It was also observed the planter displacement velocity effect of on variables as: longitudinal distribution of plants, average number of days for the emergence of seedlings, initial and final stand of plants, mechanical harm and yield. The survival indice of plants were high for all the studied velocities and jumpers. Among the studied velocities, the one of 5.0 km h-1 presented the highest yield to both types of jumpers.

EC30-39 Swine Sanitation

From the very beginning of Nebraska's agricultural development its farmers have recognized that the production of swine must of necessity accompany the growing of corn. The latter, one of the state's most important staples, cannot be marketed in a more economical manner than after having been transformed into pork, bacon, and lard. As a result the state has for many years maintained a rather dense swine population mainly divided into large herds kept on relatively small areas of land. This density of population, as well as certain practices in management and selective breeding, has brought about conditions favorable for the propagation of a number of microbic or parasitic diseases which, in a costly manner, force themselves to our attention. The various factors which affect the incidence of swine diseases are numerous and in a given situtation may be so intricately interwoven as to baffle the observer. This extension circular discusses these factors and how to prevent the spread throughout the swine population.

Showing that Early Childhood Education Works: Lessons from Italy, China, and the USA

Lessons from around the world; What does it matter about early childhood education? Why the controversy about public support for early childhood education? What process or system should be used to determine what works in early education? Can the same process be used to improve services? What is the role of government? Alternatives: 1. Consumers should determine… (What happens when private choices drive the market for early childhood services?) Observed quality of care in four Midwestern states; Parent data: “All things considered, how would you grade the quality of the care your child is receiving from his/her current caregiver?” Role of government What is a Quality Rating System? Ten states have implemented statewide systems (e.g. Colorado, Kentucky, Oklahoma, North Carolina) Findings 2. Objective science should determine… Firm findings from empirical research 3. Something else is needed: Some differences between Italian and American models. Teacher action research (and documentation) from a Reggio-inspired preschool in South Korea by Misuk Kim. Teacher Action Research at the Ruth Staples CDL. Can we now answer our opening questions? What process or system should be used to determine what is best for young children? Can the same process be used to improve the quality of services? Conclusions: The free market does not work well to determine quality in early education and care; Licensing, accreditation, and quality rating systems can help improve the market; Empirical research is useful for measuring what works; Teacher action research (reflective practice) is necessary for fostering continuous quality improvement. The tower of quality.

Cytokine inhibition and time-related influence of inflammatory stimuli on the hyperalgesia induced by the nucleus pulposus

The symptoms of lumbar disc herniation, such as low back pain and sciatica, have been associated with local release of cytokines following the inflammatory process induced by the contact of the nucleus pulposus (NP) with the spinal nerve. Using an animal experimental model of intervertebral disc herniation and behavioral tests to evaluate mechanical (electronic von Frey test) and thermal (Hargreaves Plantar test) hyperalgesia in the hind paw of rats submitted to the surgical model, this study aimed to detect in normal intervertebral disc the cytokines known to be involved in the mechanisms of inflammatory hyperalgesia, to observe if previous exposure of the intervertebral disc tissue to specific antibodies could affect the pain behavior (mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia) induced by the NP, and to observe the influence of the time of contact of the NP with the fifth lumbar dorsal root ganglion (L5-DRG) in the mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia. The cytokines present at highest concentrations in the rat NP were TNF-alpha, IL-1 beta and CINC-1. Rats submitted to the disc herniation experimental model, in which a NP from the sacrococcygeal region is deposited over the right L5-DRG, showed increased mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia that lasted at least 7 weeks. When the autologous NP was treated with antibodies against the three cytokines found at highest concentrations in the NP (TNF-alpha, IL-1 beta and CINC-1), there was decrease in both mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia in different time points, suggesting that each cytokine may be important for the hyperalgesia in different steps of the inflammatory process. The surgical remotion of the NP from herniated rats 1 week after the implantation reduced the hyperalgesia to the level similar to the control group. This reduction in the hyperalgesia was also observed in the group that had the NP removed 3 weeks after the implantation, although the intensity of the hyperalgesia did not decreased totally. The removal of the NP after 5 weeks did not changed the hyperalgesia observed in the hind paw, which suggests that the longer the contact of the NP with the DRG, the greater is the possibility of development of chronic pain. Together our results indicate that specific cytokines released during the inflammatory process induced by the herniated intervertebral disc play fundamental role in the development of the two modalities of hyperalgesia (mechanical and thermal) and that the maintenance of this inflammation may be the most important point for the chronification of the pain.

Avaliação das técnicas cirúrgicas para tratamento da mielorradiculopatia espondilótica cervical

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a eficácia do tratamento cirúrgico da mielorradiculopatia espondilótica cervical na produção de melhora neurológica pós-operatória, aferida em pontos pela escala da JOA e taxa de recuperação e as complicações do tratamento. MÉTODOS: Análise dos prontuários e os exames de imagem de 200 indivíduos submetidos a tratamento cirúrgico da mielorradiculopatia cervical no HC-FMUSP, no período de janeiro de 1993 a janeiro de 2007. A avaliação clínica foi quantificada pela escala da JOA, com média de segmento de 06 anos e 08 meses. RESULTADOS: Evidenciou-se melhora neurológica pós-operatória nas vias anterior e posterior, exceto nas laminectomias sem fusão, onde houve piora neurológica tardia. A via anterior mostrou um significante maior índice de complicações, relacionados a déficit de fusão intervertebral, deslocamento de enxerto, síndrome de disco adjacente, disfonia, disfagia, o mau posicionamento de enxerto e placas, lesão de raiz nervosa e significativo maior índice de re-intervenção cirúrgica. Na via posterior maior ocorrência de instabilidade em cifose pós-operatória na laminectomia, não sendo observada na laminoplastia, esta última com índices semelhantes aos encontrados na via anterior. Não houve melhora da dor axial nas laminoplastias e houve piora nas laminectomias, enquanto que nas discectomias e corpectomias houve significativa melhora do sintoma. CONCLUSÃO: As vias anterior e posterior foram eficazes em produzir melhora neurológica, exceto as laminectomias sem fusão. A via anterior produziu mais complicações, mas trata melhor a dor.

Estabilizações lombares dinâmicas

O funcionamento fisiológico normal da coluna depende da movimentação normal de cada unidade motora, que consiste em duas vértebras e o disco intervertebral interposto entre elas. Embora a artrodese da coluna vertebral venha sendo utilizada para o tratamento de diversas doenças da coluna, essa modalidade de tratamento acarreta a perda de movimentação dos níveis em que houve a fusão e como consequência pode sobrecarregar os níveis adjacentes podendo provocar a sua degeneração precoce. Proponentes das técnicas de estabilização dinâmicas acreditam que estas podem levar a correção dos problemas minimizando o risco de degeneração dos níveis adjacentes. Atualmente existem no mercado diversos métodos de estabilização dinâmica anteriores e posteriores. Já existem trabalhos biomecânicos que comprovam o benefício teórico de quase todos eles, porém ainda hoje, faltam ensaios clínicos que comprovem a sua utilidade e segurança por longos períodos de seguimento para o paciente. Portanto é fundamental que estes materiais sejam analisados de maneira acadêmica para que no futuro próximo possam ser utilizados em situações precisas e com segurança para os pacientes.

Extra and intradural spinal Hemangioblastoma

Hemangioblastomas of the central nervous system (CNS) are low-grade highly vascularized tumors that may be sporadic or associated with Von Hippel-Lindau disease. Extradural hemangioblastomas are uncommon and those located extra and intradurally are even rarer. This study uses an illustrative case and literature review to discuss the difficulties to consider the correct diagnosis and to select the best surgical approach. A 57 years-old white male patient presented with myelopathy and right C5 radiculopathy. The images showed a lobulated, hourglass shaped, highly enhanced extra/intradural lesion that occupied the spinal canal and widened the C4-C5 right intervertebral foramen. Total resection of the intradural lesion was achieved through a posterior approach, but the extradural part could only be partially removed. Complete improvement was observed after four months of follow-up and the residual tumor has been followed up clinically and radiologically. Even though the preoperative impression was of a spinal schwannoma, the histopathological examination revealed grade I hemangioblastoma as per WHO. Despite their rarity, current complementary exams allow considering the diagnosis of hemangioblastoma preoperatively. That is essential to a better surgical planning in view of the particular surgical features of this lesion.