Potential Future Coral Habitats Around Japan Depend Strongly on Anthropogenic CO2 Emissions

Using the results from the NCAR CSM1.4-coupled global carbon cycle– climate model under the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) emission scenarios SRES A2 and B1, we estimated the effects of both global warming and ocean acidification on the future habitats of corals in the seas around Japan during this century. As shown by Yara et al. (Biogeosciences 9:4955–4968,2012), under the high-CO₂-emission scenario (SRES A2), coral habitats will be sandwiched and narrowed between the northern region, where the saturation state of the carbonate mineral aragonite (Ωarag) decreases, and the southern region, where coral bleaching occurs. We found that under the low-emission scenario SRES B1, the coral habitats will also shrink in the northern region by the reduced Ωarag but to a lesser extent than under SRES A2, and in contrast to SRES A2, no bleaching will occur in the southern region. Therefore, coral habitats in the southern region are expected to be largely unaffected by ocean acidification or surface warming under the low-emission scenario. Our results show that potential future coral habitats depend strongly on CO₂ emissions and emphasize the importance of reducing CO₂ emissions to prevent negative impacts on coral habitats.

Ichneumonologia brittannica. The ichneumons of Great Britain; a descriptive account of the families, genera and species indigenous to the British islands, together with notes as to classifiation, localitites, habitats, host, etc.

Imprint vol. III-V: London, H. & W. Brown.

The birds of New England and adjacent states : containing descriptions of the birds of New England ... together with a history of their habitats... ; with illustrations of many species of the birds, and accurate figures of their eggs /

Earlier editions published under title: Ornithology and oölogy of New England.

Use of wetland habitats by birds in the National Petroleum Reserve--Alaska /

Mode of access: Internet.

Effects of the 1976 Seney National Wildlife Refuge wildfire on wildlife and wildlife habitats /

Mode of access: Internet.

An annotated checklist of Hawaiian barnacles (class Crustacea, subclass Cirripedia) with notes on their nomenclature, habitats, and Hawaiian localities, /

Mode of access: Internet.

Birds in your backyard : typical native birds in their habitats /

Bibliography: p. 14-15.

Creation of wetland habitats in northeastern Illinois /

Project no.: 20.146.

Creating habitats and homes for Illinois wildlife /

Creating Habitats and Homes for Illinois Wildlife will inspire, instruct, and encourage you to enjoy and conserve the rich wildlife legacy of the Prairie State. It will give you the know-how and the confidence to plan projects that provide habitats and homes for wildlife and to sustain your work once it's complete. The help is here--in clear, concise words and stunning imagery--to guide your management of grasslands, woodlands, wetlands, croplands, or your own backyard for the benefit of wildlife.

PLAN-IT EARTH : pairing learners and nature with innovative technology for the environmental assessment of resources, trends, and habitats.

"Illinois."

Effects of highways on wildlife populations and habitats : phase 1, selection and evaluation of procedures /

Mode of access: Internet.

Management of wildlife and fish habitats in forests of western Oregon and Washington /

"June 1985."

Conservation of freshwater thermal habitats for Pacific salmon in a changing climate

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Washington, 2016-06

Changes in morphology and physiology of an East Mediterranean sponge in different habitats

The sponge Tetilla sp. (Tetractinomorpha: Tetillidae) is a common species in the eastern Mediterranean. This sponge inhabits four different habitat types differing in wave impact and irradiance levels. Two of these habitats (a shallow cave and deep water) are characterized by relatively calm water, whereas the other two (shallow exposed site and tide pools) are in turbulent water with high energy flow. The present study examined the influence of physical (depth, illumination and water motion) and biotic factors on morphology, skeletal plasticity and reproductive traits among the four spatially separated populations. Sponges from tidal pools had significantly larger body volume than sponges from deep water and from shallow caves (ANOVA: tidal-deep P< 0.0001; tidal-shallow caves P< 0.05). Sponges from exposed habitats were significantly larger than deep-water sponges (ANOVA: P=0.01). In addition, individuals from tide pools and from the exposed habitat had a significantly higher proportion of structural silica than sponges from the calmer deep water and from the cave sites. Oxea spicules in sponges from the calm habitats were significantly shorter than in those from the tidal pools and the exposed habitats. The percentage of spicules out of a sponge's dry weight in individuals transplanted from deep (calm) to shallow (turbulent) water significantly increased by 21.9&PLUSMN; 12.9%. The new spicule percentage did not differ significantly from that of sponges originally from shallow water. Oocyte diameter differed significantly between habitats. The maximal size of mature eggs was found in deep-water sponges in June (97&PLUSMN; 5 μ m). In the shallow habitats, a smaller maximal oocyte diameter was found in the cave, in May (56.5&PLUSMN; 3 μ m). Furthermore, oocyte density in shallow-water sponges was highest in May and decreased in June (with 88.2&PLUSMN; 9 and 19.3&PLUSMN; 9 oocytes mm(-2), respectively). At the same time (June), oocyte density of deep-water sponges had just reached its maximum (155&PLUSMN; 33.7 oocytes mm(-2)). The difference in oocyte size and density between deep- and shallow-water individuals indicates an earlier gamete release in the shallow sponge population. The results suggest that plasticity in skeletal design of this sponge indicates a trade off between spicule production and investment in reproduction.