Prebiotic Effect of Fructooligosaccharide in the Simulator of the Human Intestinal Microbial Ecosystem (SHIME (R) Model)

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Uso de maltodextrina e prebiótico em rações de leitões desmamados

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Avaliação da toxicidade do dióxido de carbono no sistema nervoso de Apis mellifera (Hymenoptera, Apidae)

A concentração de dióxido de carbono (CO2) global eleva-se a cada ano, isso deve-se a um desequilíbrio entre as taxas de emissão deste gás por atividades antropogênicas e fontes naturais e a taxa que a biosfera e oceanos o removem da atmosfera. O CO2 é um importante constituinte químico do ambiente, pois este é um gás que aprisiona radiação infravermelha emitida pela superfície da Terra, contribuindo, assim, para a manutenção da temperatura global necessária a vida. As alterações na concentração de CO2 na atmosfera afetam inúmeros animais que dependem que estas estejam altamente controladas para poderem sobreviver. Em abelhas Apis mellifera valores elevados de temperatura ou níveis de CO2 dentro da colméia podem ter efeitos deletérios. Estes insetos são considerados bioindicadores naturais, pois apresentam diferenças fisiológicas conforme as condições do ambiente, sendo utilizadas na avaliação de efeitos a várias substâncias presentes no meio. Atualmente uma das técnicas utilizadas para a avaliação do efeito de estímulos externos é a utilização da marcação da proteína c-Fos através da expressão do gene c-fos, que indicam tanto a existência de atividade celular como também possibilita a identificação de áreas cerebrais determinadas. Esta proteína foi utilizada com o intuído de verificar se concentrações elevadas de gás carbônico são capazes de alterar as funções cerebrais da abelha Apis mellifera, comprometendo sua atividade de orientação e, conseqüentemente seu forrageamento. Marcações positivas à proteína Fos foram observadas nas regiões dos lobos ópticos e ocelos tanto do grupo controle quanto dos grupos Resumo Jacob, C. R. O. 9 expostos ao gás dióxido de carbono para todas as idades coletadas, estes resultados estão relacionados com a...(Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)

Aspectos clínicos, histopatológicos e expressão gênica do endométrio de cadelas acometidas por hiperplasia endometrial cística, mucometra e piometra

Pós-graduação em Cirurgia Veterinária - FCAV

Lactobacillus acidophilus CRL 1014 e extrato aquoso de yacon na evolução do processo de carcinogênese química de cólon

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Hydrogen peroxide attenuates the dipsogenic, renal and pressor responses induced by cholinergic activation of the medial septal area

Cholinergic activation of the medial septal area (MSA) with carbachol produces thirst, natriuresis, antidiuresis and pressor response. In the brain, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) modulates autonomic and behavioral responses. In the present study, we investigated the effects of the combination of carbachol and H2O2 injected into the MSA on water intake, renal excretion, cardiovascular responses and the activity of vasopressinergic and oxytocinergic neurons in the hypothalamic paraventricular (PVN) and supraoptic (SON) nuclei. Furthermore, the possible modulation of carbachol responses by H2O2 acting through K+ATP channels was also investigated. Male Holtzman rats (280–320 g) with stainless steel cannulas implanted in the MSA were used. The pre-treatment with H2O2 in the MSA reduced carbachol-induced thirst (7.9 ± 1.0, vs. carbachol: 13.2 ± 2.0 ml/60 min), antidiuresis (9.6 ± 0.5, vs. carbachol: 7.0 ± 0.8 ml/120 min,), natriuresis (385 ± 36, vs. carbachol: 528 ± 46 μEq/120 min) and pressor response (33 ± 5, vs. carbachol: 47 ± 3 mmHg). Combining H2O2 and carbachol into the MSA also reduced the number of vasopressinergic neurons expressing c-Fos in the PVN (46.4 ± 11.2, vs. carbachol: 98.5 ± 5.9 c-Fos/AVP cells) and oxytocinergic neurons expressing c-Fos in the PVN (38.5 ± 16.1, vs. carbachol: 75.1 ± 8.5 c-Fos/OT cells) and in the SON (57.8 ± 10.2, vs. carbachol: 102.7 ± 7.4 c-Fos/OT cells). Glibenclamide (K+ATP channel blocker) into the MSA partially reversed H2O2 inhibitory responses. These results suggest that H2O2 acting through K+ATP channels in the MSA attenuates responses induced by cholinergic activation in the same area.

Chronic nicotine activates stress/reward-related brain regions and facilitates the transition to compulsive alcohol drinking

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Potentially synbiotic fermented beverage with aqueous extracts of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd) and soy

The aim of this study was to develop a potentially synbiotic beverage fermented with Lactobacillus casei LC-1 based on aqueous extracts of soy and quinoa with added fructooligosaccharides (FOS). Five formulations with differing proportions of soy and quinoa extracts were tested. The viability of the microorganism, the pH, and the acidity of all formulations were monitored until the 28th day of storage at 5 ℃. The chemical composition of the extracts and beverages and the rheological and sensory properties of the final products were analyzed. Although an increase in acidity and a decrease in pH were observed during the 28 days of storage, the viability of the probiotic microorganism was maintained at 10(8) CFU·mL(-1) in all formulated beverages throughout the storage period. An increase in viscosity and consistency in the formulations with higher concentrations of quinoa (F1 and F2) was observed. Formulation F4 (70% soy and 30% quinoa extracts) showed the least hysteresis. Formulations F4 and F5 (100% soy extract) had the best sensory acceptance while F4 resulted in the highest intention to purchase from a group of 80 volunteers. For chemical composition, F3 (50% soy and 50% quinoa extracts) and F4 showed the best results compared to similar fermented beverages. The formulation F4 was considered the best beverage overall.

Activity of neurons in the preoptic area and their participation in reproductive senescence: preliminary findings

Alterations in the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis in females determine the transition from regular to irregular reproductive cycles, with loss of fertility. Stimulation of noradrenergic neurons of the anteroventral periventricular neurons (AVPV) is essential for regular reproductive cycles. Therefore, we examined the activity of neurons of the AVPV and measure the noradrenaline (NE) of acyclic rats, in constant estrus, and compared it with that of cyclic rats in estrus. Female cyclic (4-5months) and acyclic (17-18months) rats were euthanized at 10, 14, and 18h in estrus. Brains were processed for immunoreactivity to antigens related to Fos (FRA) in AVPV, and the NE was determined by HPLC-ED. Plasma concentrations of LH, FSH, E2 and P4 were determined. In the acyclic animals, plasma LH was higher but the FSH was lower. There was decreasing P4 at different times, while the E2 was constant and lower in acyclic rats. FRA-ir expression in AVPV neurons of acyclic rats as well as turnover of NE was higher when compared with cyclic group. The preliminary findings showed increased activity in AVPV neurons in aging contribute to changes in the temporal pattern of neuroendocrine signaling, compromising the accuracy of inhibitory and stimulatory effects, causing irregularity in the estrous cycle and determining reproductive senescence.

Unpredictable chronic mild stress exerts anxiogenic-like effects and activates neurons in the dorsal and caudal region and in the lateral wings of the dorsal raphe nucleus

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Catecholaminergic neurons in the comissural region of the nucleus of the solitary tract modulate hyperosmolality-induced responses

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Development of a synbiotic low-calorie beverage made from soy and yacon extracts

The objective of this study was to develop a new low-calorie symbiotic beverage made from yacon (prebiotic source) and soy extracts, containing probiotic Bifidobacterium animalis ssp. lactis BB-12. The synbiotic beverage was first produced with a range of sucrose concentrations in order to determine ideal sweetness by an acceptance test using a “just-about-right scale”. Sucrose was then replaced by sucralose or aspartame to produce sugar-free beverages. Characteristics including viable cell numbers, physicochemical properties, sensorial characteristics and fructooligosaccharides content were investigated. The ideal sweetness of the beverages with sucrose, aspartame and sucralose were 7.28%, 0.0486% and 0.0167%, respectively. Sucralose exhibited higher scores in acceptance test and was used to replace sucrose in the low-calorie symbiotic beverage. The synbiotic beverage exhibited counts of Bifidobacterium spp. of 108 CFU·mL-1 , sufficient condition to be considered probiotic. The chemical composition of the product was (g/100 g): 2.91 of protein, 1.41 of fat, 2.41 of total carbohydrate; 0.82 of FOS and 148.22 Kj of energy value. The synbiotic beverage developed in this study may be successful in health applications, due to their functional ingredients (soy, probiotic bacteria and yacon prebiotics) that can afford benefits to health or can present disease-preventing properties, beyond their inherent nutritional value. In addition this low-calorie beverage can be consumed by diabetic individuals and people concerned about the ingestion of calories.

Atividade dos neurônios do núcleo anterovental periventricular e sua participação no envelhecimento reprodutivo de ratas

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Influência de gênero e do ciclo estral no reflexo auditivo de sobressalto em ratos Wistar

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Efeito prebiótico de xilo-oligossacarídeos produzidos a partir da hemicelulose de bagaço de cana-de-açúcar utilizando extração alcalina e hidrólise de xilanases fúngicas

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)