Computational investigation of a stereoselective synthesis of atropisomeric hydrazides possessing an N–N stereogenic axis

Axially chiral substrates are an interesting and widely studied class of compounds as they can be found in bioactive natural products and are employed as functional materials or as ligands in asymmetric catalytic processes. One branch of this family is the well-known world of the atropisomers. Among them, atropisomeric compounds possessing an N–N stereogenic axis are one truthfully fascinating system but not completely understood yet. In this thesis, we computationally investigated the mechanism of the diastereoselective formation of the N – N chiral axis of a hydrazide under asymmetric phase transfer catalytic conditions. Moreover, during this study, torsional barriers have been calculated for both the reagent and the product at the density functional theory (DFT). These values turned out to suitably match the experimental values and observations. Finally, Electronic Circular Dichroism (ECD) spectra have been simulated in order to assign the chiral absolute configuration to the products.

Alchilazione enantioselettiva di ossindoli sostituiti mediata da organocatalizzatori

This thesis summarizes an internship project carried out in part at the University of Zaragoza (Spain) and in part at the University of Bologna. The project involved the development of a new enantioselective catalytic methodology based on an alkylation reaction in order to obtain an oxindole derivative bearing a quaternary chiral center at C3. Such kind of oxindole derivatives have great relevance in farmaceutical chemistry. We started from the synthesis of a new oxindole substrate, successfully adapting methods reported for similar compounds. A screening of benzohydrol alkylating agents was then carried out, which led to the identification of Michler's hydrol as a reactive capable of leading to the alkylation product bearing a quaternary chiral center. A screening of reaction conditions and organic catalysts was then carried out in order to optimize yield and enantiomeric excess. These tests, which led to good yield values and modest enantioselections, made it possible to identify two main classes of promising catalysts and reaction conditions, on which the continuation of the project can focus.

Study of the activity and enantioselectivity of alginate-based catalysts in Friedel-Crafts reactions

This thesis is part of a long-term project which aims to demonstrate for the first time that alginate gel beads can be used as chiral heterogeneous catalysts for enantioselective reactions. Alginate barium beads were prepared as previously optimized and applied to the Friedel-Crafts reaction between indoles and nitroalkenes. New substrates were tested, showing that the reaction can accommodate different nitroalkenes and indoles, affording the corresponding products with moderate yields and good enantioselectivities. However, aliphatic nitroalkenes cannot be used as they degrade under the catalytic reaction conditions. Preliminary study on the recyclability of the heterogeneous catalyst indicated a moderate stability of the catalyst, which can be used for few cycles with a slight erosion of enantioinducing power. Some directions for future improvements (storage and work-up solvent, use of ultrasonic bath) have been suggested.