Estudo do genoma do vírus causador da mionecrose infecciosa em camarões e desenvolvimento de métodos para detecção de polimorfismos

Shrimp farming is one of the activities that contribute most to the growth of global aquaculture. However, this business has undergone significant economic losses due to the onset of viral diseases such as Infectious Myonecrosis (IMN). The IMN is already widespread throughout Northeastern Brazil and affects other countries such as Indonesia, Thailand and China. The main symptom of disease is myonecrosis, which consists of necrosis of striated muscles of the abdomen and cephalothorax of shrimp. The IMN is caused by infectious myonecrosis virus (IMNV), a non-enveloped virus which has protrusions along its capsid. The viral genome consists of a single molecule of double-stranded RNA and has two Open Reading Frames (ORFs). The ORF1 encodes the major capsid protein (MCP) and a potential RNA binding protein (RBP). ORF2 encodes a probable RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) and classifies IMNV in Totiviridae family. Thus, the objective of this research was study the IMNV complete genome and encoded proteins in order to develop a system differentiate virus isolates based on polymorphisms presence. The phylogenetic relationship among some totivirus was investigated and showed a new group to IMNV within Totiviridae family. Two new genomes were sequenced, analyzed and compared to two other genomes already deposited in GenBank. The new genomes were more similar to each other than those already described. Conserved and variable regions of the genome were identified through similarity graphs and alignments using the four IMNV sequences. This analyze allowed mapping of polymorphic sites and revealed that the most variable region of the genome is in the first half of ORF1, which coincides with the regions that possibly encode the viral protrusion, while the most stable regions of the genome were found in conserved domains of proteins that interact with RNA. Moreover, secondary structures were predicted for all proteins using various softwares and protein structural models were calculated using threading and ab initio modeling approaches. From these analyses was possible to observe that the IMNV proteins have motifs and shapes similar to proteins of other totiviruses and new possible protein functions have been proposed. The genome and proteins study was essential for development of a PCR-based detection system able to discriminate the four IMNV isolates based on the presence of polymorphic sites

Map of Tiber Creek, from its mouth to the extent of tide water : [Washington D.C.].

Covers area now occupied by the Mall.

Goose Creek : [Washington D.C.] /

Covers Tiber Creek estuary in the area now occupied by the Mall.

Insights into the Specificity of Thioredoxin Reductase-Thioredoxin Interactions. A Structural and Functional Investigation of the Yeast Thioredoxin System

The enzymatic activity of thioredoxin reductase enzymes is endowed by at least two redox centers: a flavin and a dithiol/disulfide CXXC motif. The interaction between thioredoxin reductase and thioredoxin is generally species-specific, but the molecular aspects related to this phenomenon remain elusive. Here, we investigated the yeast cytosolic thioredoxin system, which is composed of NADPH, thioredoxin reductase (ScTrxR1), and thioredoxin 1 (ScTrx1) or thioredoxin 2 (ScTrx2). We showed that ScTrxR1 was able to efficiently reduce yeast thioredoxins (mitochondrial and cytosolic) but failed to reduce the human and Escherichia coli thioredoxin counterparts. To gain insights into this specificity, the crystallographic structure of oxidized ScTrxR1 was solved at 2.4 angstrom resolution. The protein topology of the redox centers indicated the necessity of a large structural rearrangement for FAD and thioredoxin reduction using NADPH. Therefore, we modeled a large structural rotation between the two ScTrxR1 domains (based on the previously described crystal structure, PDB code 1F6M). Employing diverse approaches including enzymatic assays, site-directed mutagenesis, amino acid sequence alignment, and structure comparisons, insights were obtained about the features involved in the species-specificity phenomenon, such as complementary electronic parameters between the surfaces of ScTrxR1 and yeast thioredoxin enzymes and loops and residues (such as Ser(72) in ScTrx2). Finally, structural comparisons and amino acid alignments led us to propose a new classification that includes a larger number of enzymes with thioredoxin reductase activity, neglected in the low/high molecular weight classification.

Integração entre frameworks de suporte à gestão e governação das tecnologias de informação : modelação da Norma ISO 9001

A ISO 9001 e Arquiteturas Empresariais (AE), diferentes ferramentas de Governação com diferentes perspetivas, são dominantes entre os seus praticantes. Uma representação de uma ISO 9001 em ArchiMate pode potenciar ainda mais alinhamentos com outras frameworks representadas por AE e pode ajudar na obtenção de melhores resultados na implementação da Qualidade numa organização, obviando os custos e a duplicação de esforços. Esta tese propõe uma abordagem de integração entre a ISO 9001 e AE na perspetiva das AE ao propor um mapeamento de conceitos de ISO 9001 em EA pela definição de uma Arquitetura de Referência da ISO 9001 utilizando a linguagem de modelação do ArchiMate Dois objetivos são endereçados: a demonstração da capacidade de representar todos os requisitos da ISO 9001 em componentes de AE através do desenvolvimento da Arquitetura de Referência e reciprocamente a capacidade de desenvolver uma AE de um Sistema de Gestão da Qualidade (SGQ) teórico baseado na ISO 9001 com as componentes dessa Arquitetura de Referência. Adicionalmente, ao identificar e avaliar a existência das componentes da Arquitetura de Referência numa organização concreta, se estes não estão completamente mapeados, pode-se concluir a existência de um desvio relativamente ao referencial ISO 9001. Por ultimo, uma Arquitetura de Referência ArchiMate da ISO 9001 permite a partilha de conhecimento, a comunicação entre partes interessadas e contribui para a discussão e validação da ISO 9001 entre os utilizadores de Arquiteturas Empresariais.

Uso de plantas medicinales y su relación con la cosmovisión andina en la comunidad de Rañas cantón Nabón, 2015

Antecedentes. Rañas es una comunidad perteneciente al cantón Nabón, provincia del Azuay, ubicado en el sur del Ecuador. Es un importante representante de la cultura ancestral que permite mirar sus tradiciones en salud relacionadas con el uso de plantas medicinales Objetivo. Identificar, conocer y profundizar el uso de plantas medicinales y su relación con la cosmovisión andina en la comunidad de Rañas cantón Nabón, 2015 Metodología. La presente es una investigación de tipo cualitativo, con enfoque narrativo que estudia la aplicación de plantas medicinales en los conocimientos de un grupo focal de sabios de la comunidad, Las técnicas utilizadas fueron entrevistas con preguntas semi estructuradas sobre las categorías principales del estudio: cosmovisión andina y plantas medicinales. La información fue registrada en medios audiovisuales que permitieron documentar la narrativa y registrar gráficamente las plantas y sus rituales. La información obtenida fue transcrita en Word, luego codificada mediante el programa Atlas.ti de acuerdo a los lineamientos definidos en el marco teórico. Resultados. Se identificaron 67 plantas medicinales junto con sus propiedades curativas utilizadas para el manejo de las patologías andinas y occidentales tratadas por los sabios. Las principales formas de preparación son mediante infusión, ungüentos, extractos y baños. Los rituales ancestrales realizados con plantas medicinales son la limpia y sobaciones. Conclusiones: se identificó la diversidad de plantas medicinales propias de la comunidad, apreciándose la asociación entre el uso de las plantas medicinales y los principios de la cosmovisión andina por la fuerte conexión entre habitantes y naturaleza.