INHERITANCE of CUCUMBER TOLERANCE TO ZUCCHINI YELLOW MOSAIC VIRUS

Studies were carried out in Brazil to study the inheritance of tolerance to Zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV) in cucumber cv. Formosa. This cultivar was individually crossed with two cucumber lines from different varietal types (L(b) from a Brazilian type, and L(j) from a Japanese type), both susceptible to the virus. Two experiments, one for each line, were separately carried out, where 6 treatments (parents, generations F1, F2 and F1BC1 for both parents) were evaluated in a randomized block design with 5 repetitions. Cotyledons of 2-week-old cucumber seedlings were inoculated with ZYMV. Only the plants that did not show symptoms up to 63 days post inoculation were considered as tolerant. A chi-square (chi(2)) analysis for assessing segregation from F2 and both F1BC1, led to the conclusion that the tolerance found in cv. Formosa is determined by a recessive gene.

A classification of Pepper yellow mosaic virus isolates into pathotypes

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

The influence of ripening stage and cultivation system on the total antioxidant activity and total phenolic compounds of yellow passion fruit pulp

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Analysis of the efficiency of silicate clay on the control of Xanthomonas axonopodis PV. passiflorae in vitro and in seedlings of yellow passion fruit contaminated

The bacterial spot in yellow passion fruit plants, caused by the bacteria Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. passiflorae, occurs in all producing areas of the country, and is responsible for great economic losses in the culture of passion fruit. This study aimed to test the efficiency of the silicate clay in the inhibition of the bacteria Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. passiflorae in vitro, and in both preventive and curative control of the bacterial spot in seedlings of yellow passion fruit plants. The silicate clay was added to the growth medium at concentrations of. 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0%, placed in Petri dishes. After the culture medium was cooler, the bacterial suspension was inoculates (10(7) UFC.mL(-1)) with a handle, and left incubating at 28 degrees C for three days, and then the bacterial growth was evaluated. Subsequently, the product at the same concentrations above was sprayed on seedlings of 'Afruvec' passion fruit, as preventive or curative. The inoculation of the bacteria was made by foliar spraying of bacterial suspension (10(7) ufc.mL(-1)), 24 hours before or after the curative and preventive treatments, respectively. The severity of the disease was measured comparing each four true leaves from bottom up, with a diagrammatic scale. In the concentrations evaluated, the silicate clay inhibited both bacteria in vitro and symptoms of bacterial spot in the curative treatment. In preventive treatment, significant results were obtained using more than 1.0% of clay silicates. Based on these results, the clay silicate can be recommended, the concentration of 1.0-2.0% for the control of bacterial spot of passion fruit plants, in foliar sprays.

Effects of Passiflora edulis (Yellow Passion) on Serum Lipids and Oxidative Stress Status of Wistar Rats

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa Degener (yellow passion) juice on the lipid profile and oxidative stress status of Wistar rats. Adult male Wistar rats were divided in two groups (n = 8 animals per group): the control group, which received water, and the treated group, which was given P. edulis juice (1,000 mg/kg). Both groups received by gavage treatment twice a day for 28 days. The treated group showed an increased high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol level and decreased low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol and free fatty acid levels compared with the control group. Levels of triglycerides and and very low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, superoxide dismutase activity, and total glutathione concentration were not statistically different between the two groups, but the thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances concentration (indicating lipid peroxidation) decreased in the treated group. These findings suggests that P. edulis juice in the experimental conditions used showed beneficial effects on lipid profile and improved lipid peroxidation in Wistar rats.

Rabies virus in a pregnant naturally infected southern yellow bat (Lasiurus ega)

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Histochemical analysis of seed reserve mobilization in Passiflora edulis Sims fo. flavicarpa O. Deg. (yellow passion fruit) during germination

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Occurrence of hyphomycetes and actinomycetes in red-yellow latosol from a cerrado region in Brazil

A study to quantify the populations of filamentous fungi and actinomycetes was undertaken in a cerrado area, in Corumbatai county, São Paulo, at different depths of medium-textured red-yellow latosol, correlating them to humidity, organic matter, pH of the soil and climatic factors. The technique used was the serial dilution of composite soil samples (n=4), using Martin's medium with streptomycin for filamentous fungi and a starch medium for actinomycetes. The number of filamentous fungi was more abundant in the first soil layer, 0-5 cml compared to the other depths. The number of actinomycetes was higher between 5 cm and 50 cm depth. There were two-monthly variations in the number of filamentous fungi and actinomycetes. A sharp drop in fungi was found in May 1988 at all depths of the soil, when there was lower air temperature and an atypically high monthly rainfall for this period in the cerrado. Statistically significant and directly proportional correlations were obtained between the number of actinomycetes and the rainfall at depths of 0 to 5 cm and 50 to 100 cm. The results obtained in the different soil layers to 100 cm depth demonstrated the importance of the first 5 cm layer due to the heavy concentration of microorganisms, mainly the filamentous fungi, together with the highest organic matter content.

The small nuclear ribonucleoprotein U1A interacts with NS5 from yellow fever virus

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

RNA interference inhibits yellow fever virus replication in vitro and in vivo

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Chemical composition and antioxidants potential of extracts of yellow melon seeds in Soybean oil

The aim of this work was to characterize the yellow melon seeds, hybrid variety, as for their proximate composition, and to evaluate the antioxidant potential of extracts of seed in soybean oil. The extract of melon seeds (EM), obtained by extraction using ethanol: water (95:5), was applied in soybean oil at three different concentrations (500; 750 and 1000 mg kg(-1)) and submitted to Shaal oven method at 60 degrees C for 20 days. Oil samples were evaluated for peroxic a value in periods of five days. The antioxidant activity of the extract was compared to the BHT (butyl-hydroxytoluene) activity. The melon seeds showed a high nutrition value, containing high percentages of lipids (25.2%), proteins (20.1%) and fiber (30.0%). All these treatments retarded lipid oxidation in soybean oil; however the natural extracts were less effective than BHT after 10 days in the oven. The antioxidant activities of different treatments tested in this study followed the order: BHT > EM 1000 mg kg(-1) = EM 750 mg kg(-1) > EM 500 mg kg(-1)> control.

Limited movement of Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) in yellow passion flower in Brazil

Symptoms of Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) on yellow passion flower (Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa) are characterized by bright yellow mottling on leaves, starting at random points on the vine and diminishing in intensity towards the tip, which becomes symptomless as it grows. To determine whether symptomless portions of vines are CMV-free or represent latent infection, leaves with and without symptoms were collected from infected vines in the field. Biological, serological (plate-trapped antigen enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, PTA-ELISA), Western blot and dot-blot hybridization assays showed that portions of the vines without symptoms were CMV-free. Vegetatively propagated vines with symptoms showed remission of symptoms on newly developed leaves. One year later, no CMV was detected in the upper leaves of these plants. Mechanically inoculated passion flower seedlings behaved similarly; symptoms were shown by few leaves after inoculation. Afterwards, plants became symptomless and CMV was not detected in the upper leaves or root system, 40 or 85 days after inoculation. The mechanism responsible for remission of symptoms accompanied by CMV disappearance is not known.