Vaciar el decir: hacia una poética de Mario Levrero

El presente trabajo es un recorrido por la obra narrativa del autor uruguayo Mario Levrero (1940-2004), con el objetivo de encontrar una posible poética que abarque la totalidad de su proyecto literario. Para ello, se ha tomado al carácter metaliterario de sus últimos libros —Dejen todo en mis manos (1994), El discurso vacío (1996) y La novela luminosa (2005)— como una entrada que da luces sobre la forma en que el autor concebía y ejercía la escritura literaria. Cabe señalar de manera especial que en estos libros los narradores expresan que los textos que van hilvanando no necesariamente deben ser considerados como literarios o, en todo caso, como novelas. Esta autorreferencialidad sobre el proceso de escritura puede asumirse, más allá de ser un recurso para estructurar las narraciones, como la piedra angular de la poética del autor. Adicionalmente, el desafío del presente estudio es poner en diálogo la obra de Levrero con otros proyectos estéticos de autores latinoamericanos, y en especial con teorías de interpretación en torno a la novela de la región —con textos de ensayistas como Josefina Ludmer, Donald Shaw, Roberto González Echevarría, entre otros— y con reflexiones sobre el arte de narrar y sobre la conformación del discurso —con propuestas de Walter Benjamin y Michel Foucault, principalmente—. El ejercicio de estudiar a este escritor nace de la necesidad de considerar, desde la academia, a un autor contemporáneo cuya obra apenas se ha empezado a discutir; y al mismo tiempo implica un intento por reflexionar, más ampliamente, acerca de los actuales derroteros de la literatura que se escribe y lee hoy en día en Latinoamérica.

Water quality and ecology of the River Lee: mass balance and a review of temporal and spatial data

A regional overview of the water quality and ecology of the River Lee catchment is presented. Specifically, data describing the chemical, microbiological and macrobiological water quality and fisheries communities have been analysed, based on a division into river, sewage treatment works, fish-farm, lake and industrial samples. Nutrient enrichment and the highest concentrations of metals and micro-organics were found in the urbanised, lower reaches of the Lee and in the Lee Navigation. Average annual concentrations of metals were generally within environmental quality standards although, oil many occasions, concentrations of cadmium, copper, lead, mercury and zinc were in excess of the standards. Various organic substances (used as herbicides, fungicides, insecticides, chlorination by-products and industrial solvents) were widely detected in the Lee system. Concentrations of ten micro-organic substances were observed in excess of their environmental quality standards, though not in terms of annual averages. Sewage treatment works were the principal point source input of nutrients. metals and micro-organic determinands to the catchment. Diffuse nitrogen sources contributed approximately 60% and 27% of the in-stream load in the upper and lower Lee respectively, whereas approximately 60% and 20% of the in-stream phosphorus load was derived from diffuse sources in the upper and lower Lee. For metals, the most significant source was the urban runoff from North London. In reaches less affected by effluent discharges, diffuse runoff from urban and agricultural areas dominated trends. Flig-h microbiological content, observed in the River Lee particularly in urbanised reaches, was far in excess of the EC Bathing Water Directive standards. Water quality issues and degraded habitat in the lower reaches of the Lee have led to impoverished aquatic fauna but, within the mid-catchment reaches and upper agricultural tributaries, less nutrient enrichment and channel alteration has permitted more diverse aquatic fauna.

Drag produced by trapped lee waves and propagating mountain waves in a two-layer atmosphere

The surface drag force produced by trapped lee waves and upward propagating waves in non-hydrostatic stratified flow over a mountain ridge is explicitly calculated using linear theory for a two-layer atmosphere with piecewise-constant static stability and wind speed profiles. The behaviour of the drag normalized by its hydrostatic single-layer reference value is investigated as a function of the ratio of the Scorer parameters in the two layers l_2/l_1 and of the corresponding dimensionless interface height l_1 H, for selected values of the dimensionless ridge width l_1 a and ratio of wind speeds in the two layers. When l_2/l_1 → 1, the propagating wave drag approaches 1 in approximately hydrostatic conditions, and the trapped lee wave drag vanishes. As l_2/l_1 decreases, the propagating wave drag progressively displays an oscillatory behaviour with l_1 H, with maxima of increasing magnitude due to constructive interference of reflected waves in the lower layer. The trapped lee wave drag shows localized maxima associated with each resonant trapped lee wave mode, occurring for small l_2/l_1 and slightly higher values of l_1 H than the propagating wave drag maxima. As l1a decreases, i.e. the flow becomes more non-hydrostatic, the propagating wave drag decreases and the regions of non-zero trapped lee wave drag extend to higher l_2/l_1. These results are confirmed by numerical simulations for l_2/l_1 = 0.2. In parameter ranges of meteorological relevance, the trapped lee wave drag may have a magnitude comparable to that of propagating wave drag, and be larger than the reference single-layer drag. This may have implications for drag parametrization in global climate and weather-prediction models.