367 resultados para Uˆnnepi kötet Honti László tiszteletére
Resumo:
In this paper we present the composition, seasonal dynamics and fluctuations in diversity of the phytoplankton in the Danube River over 24 years. Weekly samplings were conducted at one section of the river at Gd, in the 1669 river kilometer segment. The change in the phytoplankton community structure was analyzed in relation of water temperature and discharge means. Our findings support the opinion that the Danube is very rich in species, although many of the species are rare and could be described only as coloring species. Results indicate trends in the phytoplankton abundance, which are only detectable in long-term studies. By the help of diversity indices we have observed an increase in the phytoplankton community diversity. With the relevant information, an explanation of the significant changes in diversity and richness was formed. Our goals were a construction of a solid database of the phytoplankton, examining the seasonal dynamics of the phytoplankton through a 24 year long study and to see the most important changing factors of the community. The results of this study are to assist and help future model developments to predict the phytoplankton seasonal dynamic patterns.
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Magyarorszgon az elmlt vtizedben a vllalatoknak nyjtott llami tmogats GDP-arnyosan szmolva az eurpai unis tlag 2,7-szerese volt. A cikk megvizsglja, hogy a tmogatsok hatsa megjelenik-e a magyar gazdasg beruhzsi, foglalkoztatsi, jvedelemtermelsi teljestmnyben s versenykpessgben. Arra a kvetkeztetsre jut, hogy egyik terleten sem jobb a helyzet, mint azokban az orszgokban, amelyekben lnyegesen alacsonyabb a tmogatsi arny. A mikroszint elemzsek, rtkelsek sem tmasztjk al azt a vlekedst, hogy az llami tmogatsok rzkelheten javtjk a gazdasgi teljestmnyt. A forrsok bsge nmagban is okoz hatkonysgi problmkat, mert sok program s szervezet versenyez egymssal. A rossz (gyengbb hatkonysgi kvetelmnyeket tmaszt) programok kiszortjk a j programokat. Ha a versenykpessget rdemben befolysol tnyezk, pldul a kedvez jogi szablyozsi krnyezet s az zleti szolgltatsok jl mkd piacai nem adottak, akkor ezek hinyt nem ellenslyozza a tmogatsok magas szintje. Magyarorszg az idn indult htves programozsi idszakban tovbb kvnja nvelni a vllalatoknak nyjtott llami tmogatsok mrtkt, mikzben nincs egyrtelm vlasz arra a krdsre, hogy milyen mdon nvelhet a tmogatsi rendszer jelenleg alacsony hatkonysga. _____ State aid given to enterprises as a proportion of Hungarys GDP has been 2.7 times the EU average over the past decade. The article examines whether any impact of this high level of state aid can be discerned in investment, employment, income- generation performance, or competitiveness of the Hungarian economy. It seems that in none of these areas is the situation better than in countries that have a markedly lower rate of state aid. Micro-level analyses and evaluations do not support the belief that state aid appreciably improves economic performance. A wealth of resources on its own can cause problems with efficiency, as many programs and organizations compete with each other. Bad (less demanding) programs nudge out the good ones. If the factors significantly determining competitiveness, including a favourable legal and regulatory environment and well-functioning markets of business services, are not in place, a high level of state aid cannot be a proxy for them. In the seven-year programming period beginning this year, Hungary plans to further increase the amount of state aid to enterprises, while there is no clear answer as to how to improve the currently poor efficiency of the state aid system.
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Banana discs of 1 cm thickness were immersed into different antioxidant solutions to slow down potentially disturbing discoloration during drying. Samples were randomly split into 8 groups according to the 2^p experimental design. Two antioxidant solutions with 1.66% and 4.59% ascorbic acid, two levels of drying temperature with 50C and 80C, two levels of drying time with 6h and 8h were used or adjusted. Laser diodes of seven wavelengths (532, 635, 650, 780, 808, 850 and 1064 nm) were selected to illuminate the surface and light penetration pattern was evaluated on the basis of radial profiles. Profiles acquired at three wavelengths (532, 635 and 650 nm) were found to respond sensitively to adjusted parameters. As a result of drying, intensity decay was observed to move closer to incident point. Significant effect (p<0.01) of temperature, drying time and their interaction was found on extracted descriptive attributes of intensity profiles: full width at half maximum (FWHM), distance of inflection point (DIP) and slope of logarithmic decay (SLD). Beyond their presence, antioxidant concentration was neutral factor without significant contribution to the model. Results were in agreement with reference spectroscopic measurements, especially with NDVI index. Promising results suggest that evaluated method might be suitable for monitoring purposes during drying of fruits.
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Ten years after the unanimous approval of the Lisbon Strategy at a special meeting of the European Council on 23-24 March 2000 in Lisbon, it will be inevitable for the European Council, the European Commission and the majority of the EU member states to face with its fi asco and to account for the reasons of their fundamental policy, governance and economic failures in 2010. The recent turbulence of the global economy offers some excuses for the underperformance of the main objectives of the Lisbon Strategy in the essential social and economic domains, like job creation, economic growth, and environmental sustainability. Negative growth rates, macroeconomic and fi nancial instability, the contraction of the internal and external markets of the European economy, drop in demand for capital investment, goods and services, sinking corporate revenues, depreciation of corporate assets, increasing private and public indebtedness, falling rate of employment, weakening social cohesion, widening social inequality, and so forth not only deprive the majority of the EU member states of fulfi lling the main objectives of the Lisbon Strategy but also drive them into worse social and economic conditions in many policy domains than they were in 2000.
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Most outdoor plants in Hungarian horticulture are exotas mainly from Middle and East Asia and North America. The flora of China is diversified and has many species because the last glacial period did not reach China. The richness of the Chinese flora was known for Europeans by the missionaries and medics first in 19th cectury. Later some bigger nurseries sent expeditions in China to collect new plants. Nowadays the Hungarian landscape architecture is impossible without Chinese plants.
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The paper reviews some additive and multiplicative properties of ranking procedures used for generalized tournaments with missing values and multiple comparisons. The methods analysed are the score, generalised row sum and least squares as well as fair bets and its variants. It is argued that generalised row sum should be applied not with a fixed parameter, but a variable one proportional to the number of known comparisons. It is shown that a natural additive property has strong links to independence of irrelevant matches, an axiom judged unfavourable when players have different opponents.
Resumo:
Az egyes nemzetek szmviteli szablyozsnak vizsglatnl az adott orszg sajtossgaibl ereden rszben eltr szablyozsok alakultak ki. Az induktv megkzelts vizsglatok jellemzen a szablyozsi krdsek szles krt fogjk t, de csak nhny tnyez mentn kzeltve. A cash flow-kimutatsok tmakrnl a legtbbszr csak azt nztk, hogy van-e elrs a kimutats elksztsre, de a rszletekkel mr kevsb foglalkoztak. Ebbl addan e terleten viszonylag kis klnbsget mutattak ki ezek a felmrsek. A szerz kutatsa szerint a nemzeti cash flow-kimutatsok szablyozsnak rszleteiben eltrsek tapasztalhatk, s ezek alapjn a nemzetek klaszterelemzssel hierarchikusan csoportokba rendezhetk. _____ Research has found that as a result of their particularities, different countries have established partly different accounting frameworks. Studies with inductive approaches typically encompass a wide range of regulatory issues, but based on a limited number of factors only. In the case of Statements of Cash Flows, most studies have so far only examined the existence of rules governing the presentation of the statement, without an in-depth analysis of the details. Therefore, these studies only found relatively minor differences in this field. The authors research shows that many differences exist in the details of national Cash Flow Statement regulations, which makes it possible to classify the countries in groups using the method of hierarchical clustering.
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INTRODUCTION: Prostate cancer, the most frequent malignant disease in males in Europe, accounts for a great proportion of health expenditures. AIM: A systematic review of registry-based studies about the cost-of-illness and related factors of prostate cancer, published in the last 10 years. METHOD: A MEDLINE-based literature review was carried out between January 1, 2003 and October 1, 2013. RESULTS: Fifteen peer-reviewed articles met the criteria of interest. In developed countries radiotherapy, surgical treatment and hormone therapy account for the greatest per capita costs. In Europe early stage tumours (4-7000 , 2006), while in the USA metastatic prostate cancer (19 900-25 500 $, 2004) was associated with highest per capita expenses. In Europe the greatest costs incurred within the initial treatment (6400 /6 months, 2008), while in the USA within the end-of-life care (depending on age: 62 200-93 400 $, 2010). CONCLUSIONS: Despite public health importance of prostate cancer, the cost-of-illness literature from Europe is relatively small.
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OBJECTIVES: To compare the efficacy and safety of infliximab-biosimilar with other biological drugs for the treatment of active ankylosing spondylitis (AS). METHODS: Systematic literature review for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with adalimumab, etanercept, golimumab, infliximab and infliximab-biosimilar in AS was performed and indirect meta-analysis (Bayesian mixed treatment comparison) was carried out. The proportion of patients reaching 20 % improvement by the assessment of Spondyloarthritis International Society response criteria (ASAS20) at weeks 12 and 24 was used as efficacy endpoints, and the occurrence of serious adverse events at week 24 was applied to compare the safety of the biologicals. RESULTS: Altogether, 13 RCTs, identified by the systematic literature search, were included in the analysis. Results on the ASAS20 efficacy endpoint were reported for week 12 in 12 RCTs involving 2,395 patients, and for week 24 in 5 RCTs comprising 1,337 patients. All the five biological agents proved to be significantly superior to placebo. Infliximab showed the highest odds ratio (OR) of 7.2 (95 % CI 3.68-13.19) compared to placebo, followed by infliximab-biosimilar with OR 6.25 (95 % CI 2.55-13.14), both assessed at week 24. No significant difference was found between infliximab-biosimilar and other biological treatments regarding their efficacy and safety. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first study which includes a biosimilar drug in the meta-analysis of biological treatments in AS. The results have proven the similar efficacy and safety profile of infliximab-biosimilar treatment compared to other biologicals.
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OBJECTIVE: The aim of this meta-analysis was to compare the efficacy and safety of infliximab-biosimilar and other available biologicals for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), namely abatacept, adalimumab, certolizumab pegol, etanercept, golimumab, infliximab, rituximab and tocilizumab. METHODS: A systematic literature review of MEDLINE database until August 2013 was carried out to identify relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Bayesian mixed treatment comparison method was applied for the pairwise comparison of treatments. Improvement rates by the American College of Rheumatology criteria (ACR20 and ACR50) at week 24 were used as efficacy endpoints, and the occurrence of serious adverse events was considered to assess the safety of the biologicals. RESULTS: Thirty-six RCTs were included in the meta-analysis. All the biological agents proved to be superior to placebo. For ACR20 response, certolizumab pegol showed the highest odds ratio (OR) compared to placebo, OR 7.69 [95 % CI 3.69-14.26], followed by abatacept OR 3.7 [95 % CI 2.17-6.06], tocilizumab OR 3.69 [95 % CI 1.87-6.62] and infliximab-biosimilar OR 3.47 [95 % CI 0.85-9.7]. For ACR50 response, certolizumab pegol showed the highest OR compared to placebo OR 8.46 [3.74-16.82], followed by tocilizumab OR 5.57 [95 % CI 2.77-10.09], and infliximab-biosimilar OR 4.06 [95 % CI 1.01-11.54]. Regarding the occurrence of serious adverse events, the results show no statistically significant difference between infliximab-biosimilar and placebo, OR 1.87 [95 % CI 0.74-3.84]. No significant difference regarding efficacy and safety was found between infliximab-biosimilar and the other biological treatments. CONCLUSION: This is the first indirect meta-analysis in RA that compares the efficacy and safety of biosimilar-infliximab to the other biologicals indicated in RA. We found no significant difference between infliximab-biosimilar and other biological agents in terms of clinical efficacy and safety.
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A cikk a pros sszehasonltsokon alapul pontozsi eljrsokat alkalmazza svjci rendszer sakk csapatversenyek eredmnynek meghatrozsra. Bemutatjuk a nem krmrkzses esetben felmerl krdseket, az egyni s csapatversenyek jellemzit, valamint a hivatalos lexikografikus rendezsek hibit. Axiomatikus alapokon rangsorolsi problmaknt modellezzk a bajnoksgokat, definciinkat sszekapcsoljuk a pontszm, az ltalnostott sorsszeg s a legkisebb ngyzetek mdszernek tulajdonsgaival. A javasolt eljrst kt sakkcsapat Eurpa-bajnoksg rszletes elemzsvel illusztrljuk. A vgs rangsorok sszehasonltst tvolsgfggvnyek segtsgvel vgezzk el, majd a sokdimenzis sklzs rvn brzoljuk azokat. A hivatalos sorrendtl val eltrs okait a legkisebb ngyzetek mdszernek dekompozcijval trjuk fel. A sorrendeket hrom szempont, az elrejelz kpessg, a mintailleszkeds s a robusztussg alapjn rtkeljk, s a legkisebb ngyzetek mdszernek alkalmas eredmnymtrixszal trtn hasznlata mellett rvelnk. ____ The paper uses paired comparison-based scoring procedures in order to determine the result of Swiss system chess team tournaments. We present the main challenges of ranking in these tournaments, the features of individual and team competitions as well as the failures of official lexicographical orders. The tournament is represented as a ranking problem, our model is discussed with respect to the properties of the score, generalised row sum and least squares methods. The proposed method is illustrated with a detailed analysis of the two recent chess team European championships. Final rankings are compared through their distances and visualized by multidimensional scaling (MDS). Differences to official ranking are revealed due to the decomposition of least squares method. Rankings are evaluated by prediction accuracy, retrodictive performance, and stability. The paper argues for the use of least squares method with an appropriate generalised results matrix favouring match points.
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Jen Szcs wrote his essay entitled Sketch on the three regions of Europe in the early 1980s in Hungary. During these years, a historically well-argued opinion emphasising a substantial difference between Central European and Eastern European societies was warmly received in various circles of the political opposition. In a wider European perspective Szcs used the old liberty topos which claims that the history of Europe is no other than the fulfillment of liberty. In his Sketch, Szcs does not only concentrate on questions concerning the Middle Ages in Western Europe. Yet it is this stream of thought which brought a new perspective to explaining European history. His picture of the Middle Ages represents well that there is a way to integrate all typical Western motifs of post-war self-definition into a single theory. Mainly, the liberty motif, as a sign of Europeanism in the interpretation of Bibs concept, Anglo-saxon Marxists and Webers social theory , developed from medieval concepts of state and society and from an analysis of economic and social structures. Szcss historical aspect was a typical intellectual product of the 1980s: this was the time when a few Central European historians started to outline non-Marxist aspects of social theory and categories of modernisation theories, but concealing them with Marxist terminology.
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A tanulmnykötet a teleplsmarketingen keresztl a gazdasgfldrajzi szakterlettel val kapcsolatban prblja lttatni a turizmus szerept, s ezzel egyetemi szinergit mozgst a fldrajz s a turizmus kztt. A kötet tanulmnyai hat tematikus rszben jrjk krl a teleplsmarketing s a turizmus kapcsolatrendszert, jszer megvilgtsba helyezve a tmt.
