Encuentro con Carlos Alonso : el artista y el hombre : un acto de transmisión

Este artículo propone un encuentro con el artista plástico Carlos Alonso, su vida y su obra, como un acto de transmisión. A través de una entrevista en profundidad y de un trabajo previo con su historia, se produce un encuentro intergeneracional que transmite una forma de ser y de hacer plasmada en su arte. El legado de una historia de vida profundamente enraizada con la historia del siglo XX en Argentina, de la relación con sus maestros y con el arte como concepto universal, resignificado desde su subjetividad y desde su práctica social. En este marco, se recorren algunos modos en que esta transmisión se manifiesta: transmisión y herencia; transmisión como imaginario de futuro; transmisión como manifestación del deseo. La transmisión se ha constituido en uno de los temas de la agenda de la pedagogía actual. Pensar nuestras prácticas pedagógicas en clave de transmisión conlleva un desafío y una necesidad. Un desafío en términos de intencionalidad, del acento que ponemos en la direccionalidad de las mismas. Y una necesidad en términos de compromiso con los niños, los jóvenes y con las generaciones futuras. Compromiso que conlleva el intento de humanización, de que el otro se constituya como sujeto de una cultura, y que no podemos abandonar porque dejaríamos a los que vienen siendo nadie.

(Table 1) White ice and melt pond characteristics in Darnley and Franklin Bay, Canada

Melt pond covered sea ice is a ubiquitous feature of the summertime Arctic Ocean when meltwater collects in lower-lying areas of ice surfaces. Horizontal transects were conducted during June 2008 above and below landfast sea ice with melt ponds to characterize surface and bottom topography together with variations in transmitted spectral irradiance. We captured a rapid progression from a highly flooded sea ice surface with lateral drainage toward flaws and seal breathing holes to the formation of distinct melt ponds with steep edges. As the mass of the ice cover decreased due to meltwater drainage and rose upward with respect to the seawater level, the high-scattering properties of ice above the water level (i.e., white ice) were continuously regenerated, while pond waters remained transparent compared to underlying ice. The relatively stable albedos observed throughout the study, even as ice thickness decreased, were directly related to these surface processes. Transmission through the ice cover of incident irradiance in the 400-700 nm wave band ranged from 38% to 67% and from 5% to 16% beneath ponded and white ice, respectively. Our results show that this transmission varied not only as a function of surface type (melt ponds or white ice) areal coverage but also in relation to ice thickness and proximity to other surface types through the influence of horizontal spreading of light. Thus, in contrast to albedo, this implies that regional transmittance estimates need to consider melt pond size and shape distributions and variations in optical properties and thickness of the ice cover.

Solar radiation over and under sea ice at ROV station PS86/081-1 during POLARSTERN cruise PS86 (AURORA) in July 2014

The observed changes in physical properties of sea ice such as decreased thickness and increased melt pond cover severely impact the energy budget of Arctic sea ice. Increased light transmission leads to increased deposition of solar energy in the upper ocean and thus plays a crucial role for amount and timing of sea-ice-melt and under-ice primary production. Recent developments in underwater technology provide new opportunities to study light transmission below the largely inaccessible underside of sea ice. We measured spectral under-ice radiance and irradiance using the new Nereid Under-Ice (NUI) underwater robotic vehicle, during a cruise of the R/V Polarstern to 83°N 6°W in the Arctic Ocean in July 2014. NUI is a next generation hybrid remotely operated vehicle (H-ROV) designed for both remotely piloted and autonomous surveys underneath land-fast and moving sea ice. Here we present results from one of the first comprehensive scientific dives of NUI employing its interdisciplinary sensor suite. We combine under-ice optical measurements with three dimensional under-ice topography (multibeam sonar) and aerial images of the surface conditions. We investigate the influence of spatially varying ice-thickness and surface properties on the spatial variability of light transmittance during summer. Our results show that surface properties such as melt ponds dominate the spatial distribution of the under-ice light field on small scales (<1000 m**2), while sea ice-thickness is the most important predictor for light transmission on larger scales. In addition, we propose the use of an algorithm to obtain histograms of light transmission from distributions of sea ice thickness and surface albedo.