Sources to study Antiquity: Between texts and material culture. Abstract Book

FCT

Estratégias pedagógicas na aprendizagem da emissão de som no clarinete: respiração, material e metodologias de estudo

Relatório de estágio de mestrado em Ensino de Música

Flexural strengthening of RC beams using hybrid composite plate (HCP): experimental and analytical study

Hybrid Composite Plate (HCP) is a reliable recently proposed retrofitting solution for concrete structures, which is composed of a strain hardening cementitious composite (SHCC) plate reinforced with Carbon Fibre Reinforced Polymer (CFRP). This system benefits from the synergetic advantages of these two composites, namely the high ductility of SHCC and the high tensile strength of CFRPs. In the materialstructural of HCP, the ultra-ductile SHCC plate acts as a suitable medium for stress transfer between CFRP laminates (bonded into the pre-sawn grooves executed on the SHCC plate) and the concrete substrate by means of a connection system made by either chemical anchors, adhesive, or a combination thereof. In comparison with traditional applications of FRP systems, HCP is a retrofitting solution that (i) is less susceptible to the detrimental effect of the lack of strength and soundness of the concrete cover in the strengthening effectiveness; (ii) assures higher durability for the strengthened elements and higher protection to the FRP component in terms of high temperatures and vandalism; and (iii) delays, or even, prevents detachment of concrete substrate. This paper describes the experimental program carried out, and presents and discusses the relevant results obtained on the assessment of the performance of HCP strengthened reinforced concrete (RC) beams subjected to flexural loading. Moreover, an analytical approach to estimate the ultimate flexural capacity of these beams is presented, which was complemented with a numerical strategy for predicting their load-deflection behaviour. By attaching HCP to the beams’ soffit, a significant increase in the flexural capacity at service, at yield initiation of the tension steel bars and at failure of the beams can be achieved, while satisfactory deflection ductility is assured and a high tensile capacity of the CFRP laminates is mobilized. Both analytical and numerical approaches have predicted with satisfactory agreement, the load-deflection response of the reference beam and the strengthened ones tested experimentally.

Tensile creep of a structural epoxy adhesive: experimental and analytical characterization

Epoxy adhesives are nowadays being extensively used in Civil Engineering applications, mostly in the scope of the rehabilitation of reinforced concrete (RC) structures. In this context, epoxy adhesives are used to provide adequate stress transference from fibre reinforced polymers (FRP) to the surrounding concrete substrate. Most recently, the possibility of using prestressed FRPs bonded with these epoxy adhesives is also being explored in order to maximize the potentialities of this strengthening approach. In this context, the understanding of the long term behaviour of the involved materials becomes essential. Even when non-prestressed FRPs are used a certain amount of stress is permanently applied on the adhesive interface during the serviceability conditions of the strengthened structure, and the creep of the adhesive may cause a continuous variation in the deformational response of the element. In this context, this paper presents a study aiming to experimentally characterize the tensile creep behaviour of an epoxy-based adhesive currently used in the strengthening of concrete structures with carbon FRP (CFRP) systems. To analytically describe the tensile creep behaviour, the modified Burgers model was fitted to the experimental creep curves, and the obtained results revealed that this model is capable of predicting with very good accuracy the long term behaviour of this material up to a sustained stress level of 60% of the adhesive’s tensile strength.

Investigating the durability of FRP-masonry elements immersed in water

Nowadays, there is an increasing interest in using fiber reinforced polymers (FRP) for strengthening masonry elements. It has been observed that these materials, when used for externally bonded reinforcement (EBR), improve the performance of masonry components. However, issues such as durability and long-term performance of strengthened elements are still open. The bond between composite material and masonry substrate is a critical mechanism in EBR strengthening techniques, and therefore its durability and long-term performance should be deeply investigated and characterized. In the present study, the influence of water immersion on the bond performance is investigated by performing single-lap shear bond tests on two sets of GFRP-strengthened specimens immersed in water for six months. Different surface preparation techniques are used for each set of specimens to study their effect on the bond degradation. The specimens are prepared following the wet lay-up procedure. The observations and the obtained results are presented and discussed.

Comparative environmental life-cycle analysis of concretes using biomass and coal fly ashes as partial cement replacement material

Nowadays, the concrete production sector is challenged by attempts to minimize the usage of raw materials and energy consumption, as well as by environmental concerns. Therefore, it is necessary to choose better options, e.g. new technologies or materials with improved life-cycle performance. One solution for using resources in an efficient manner is to close the materials' loop through the recycling of materials that result either from the end-of-life of products or from being the by-product of an industrial process. It is well known that the production of Portland cement, one of the materials most used in the construction sector, has a significant contribution to the environmental impacts, mainly related with carbon dioxide emission. Therefore, the study and utilization of by-products or wastes usable as cement replacement in concrete can supply more sustainable options, provided that these type of concrete produced has same durability and equivalent quality properties as standard concrete. This work studied the environmental benefits of incorporating different percentages of two types of fly ashes that can be used in concrete as cement replacement. These ashes are waste products of power and heat production sectors using coal or biomass as fuels. The results showed that both ashes provide a benefit for the concrete production both in terms of environmental impact minimization and a better environmental performance through an increase in cement replacement. It is possible to verify that the incorporation of fly ashes is a sustainable option for cement substitution and a possible path to improve the environmental performance of the concrete industry.

Evaluation of the performance of recycled textile fibres in the mechanical behaviour of a gypsum and cork composite material

Given the need for using more sustainable constructive solutions, an innovative composite material based on a combination of distinct industrial by-products is proposed aiming to reduce waste and energy consumption in the production of construction materials. The raw materials are thermal activated flue-gas desulphurization (FGD) gypsum, which acts as a binder, granulated cork as the aggregate and recycled textile fibres from used tyres intended to reinforce the material. This paper presents the results of the design of the composite mortar mixes, the characterization of the key physical properties (density, porosity and ultrasonic pulse velocity) and the mechanical validation based on uniaxial compressive tests and fracture energy tests. In the experimental campaign, the influence of the percentage of the raw materials in terms of gypsum mass, on the mechanical properties of the composite material was assessed. It was observed that the percentage of granulated cork decreases the compressive strength of the composite material but contributes to the increase in the compressive fracture energy. Besides, the recycled textile fibres play an important role in the mode I fracture process and in the fracture energy of the composite material, resulting in a considerable increase in the mode I fracture energy.

Experimental assessment of an innovative strengthening material for brick masonry infills

The vulnerability of masonry infill walls has been highlighted in recent earthquakes in which severe inplane damage and out-of-plane collapse developed, justifying the investment in the proposal of strengthening solutions aiming to improve the seismic performance of these construction elements. Therefore, this work presents an innovative strengthening solution to be applied in masonry infill walls, in order to avoid brittle failure and thus minimize the material damage and human losses. The textilereinforced mortar technique (TRM) has been shown to improve the out-of-plane resistance of masonry and to enhance its ductility, and here an innovative reinforcing mesh composed of braided composite rods is proposed. The external part of the rod is composed of braided polyester whose structure is defined so that the bond adherence with mortar is optimized. The mechanical performance of the strengthening technique to improve the out-of-plane behaviour of brick masonry is assessed based on experimental bending tests. Additionally, a comparison of the mechanical behaviour of the proposed meshes with commercial meshes is provided. The idea is that the proposed meshes are efficient in avoiding brittle collapse and premature disintegration of brick masonry during seismic events.

Avaliação da concentração de mercúrio em sedimentos e material particulado no rio Acre, estado do Acre, Brasil

A avaliação dos teores de mercúrio em sistemas aquáticos sem influência direta de fontes antropogênicas conhecidas não tem sido conduzida com freqüência na região Amazônica. Visando contribuir para esclarecer a ocorrência de valores elevados de Hg em peixes consumidos pela população de Rio Branco - AC, o Instituto Evandro Chagas - IEC, realizou um estudo para quantificar os teores de Hg em sedimentos de fundo e material particulado no rio Acre e alguns afluentes, além da caracterização físico-química das águas entre as cidades de Brasiléia e Assis Brasil. As amostras de sedimentos foram peneiradas na fração < 250 mesh e o material particulado obtido por floculação com Al2SO4 . Uma massa de 250 mg dos materiais foram submetidos a digestão ácida e as determinações de Hg realizadas por Espectrofotometria de Absorção Atômica, com geração de vapor frio. Os parâmetros físico-químicos pH, condutividade elétrica, temperatura e sólidos totais dissolvidos, foram feitos no campo, por métodos potenciométricos. Os teores de Hg nos sedimentos de fundo variaram entre 0,018 e 0,184 mig g-1, com média de 0,054 ± 0,034 mig g-1, enquanto que no material particulado a variação foi de 0,067 a 0,220 mig g-1e média de 0,098 ± 0,037 mig g-1. As águas possuem características levemente ácidas indicadas pelos valores de pH que variaram entre 5,80 - 6,95. A condutividade elétrica variou de 151,60 - 1.151,00 miS cm-1. Os teores de Hg nos materiais analisados encontram-se dentro da faixa dos valores observados para os rios amazônicos "não poluídos". Entretanto, estudos complementares deverão ser implementados para elucidar a origem e os processos de biodisponibilidade do mercúrio.

Shear strengthening of reinforced concrete beams with SHCC-FRP panels

Tese de Doutoramento em Engenharia Civil

Para um (novo) modelo de intervenção penal na União Europeia: uma reflexão a partir do princípio de legalidade como limite material de atuação da Procuradoria Europeia

Tese de Doutoramento em Ciências Jurídicas (área de especialização em Ciências Jurídicas - Públicas)

Enhancement of adhesion and promotion of osteogenic differentiation of human adipose stem cells by poled electroactive poly(vinylidene fluoride)

Poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) is a biocompatible material with excellent electroactive properties. Non-electroactive α-PVDF and electroactive β-PVDF were used to investigate the substrate polarization and polarity influence on the focal adhesion size and number as well as on human adipose stem cells (hASCs) differentiation. hASCs were cultured on different PVDF surfaces adsorbed with fibronectin and focal adhesion size and number, total adhesion area, cell size, cell aspect ratio and focal adhesion density were estimated using cells expressing EGFP-vinculin. Osteogenic differentiation was also determined using a quantitative alkaline phosphatase assay. The surface charge of the poled PVDF films (positive or negative) influenced the hydrophobicity of the samples, leading to variations in the conformation of adsorbed extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, which ultimately modulated the stem cell adhesion on the films and induced their osteogenic differentiation.

Inkjet printing technology for flexible pressure sensors

Tese de Doutoramento Ciência e Engenharia de Polímeros e Compósitos.

Avaliação de risco ambiental por contaminação metálica e material orgânico em sedimentos da bacia do Rio Aurá, Região Metropolitana de Belém - PA

A bacia do Rio Aurá está situada na região metropolitana de Belém, entre os municípios de Belém e Ananindeua, onde a taxa populacional tem aumentado sem qualquer medida de controle social ou ambiental. A região é intensamente explorada, sendo que os principais problemas ambientais são o desmatamento, erosão, inundação, poluição e contaminação das águas, especialmente por metais pesados e compostos orgânicos. O comportamento geoquímico dos elementos Al, Fe, Mn, Cr, Ni e Cu e os teores de compostos orgânicos foram avaliados em 30 pontos de amostragem no período entre 2008 e 2010 nos sedimentos fluviais. O aterro sanitário não controlado localizado nas proximidades da bacia do Rio Aurá é responsável, em parte, pela contaminação dos sedimentos. O estresse ambiental é resultado das atividades antrópicas locais, que contribuem no transporte de material clástico contendo metais para o rio. As variáveis estudadas foram classificadas segundo mecanismos de transporte e fonte (autóctone ou alóctone). Os resultados demonstraram que a principal contribuição de íons Al e Fe foi o aterro sanitário; Mn e Ni vieram principalmente dos solos adjacentes; Cr foi modificado (III/VI) por processo alobioquímico e Cu por processo bioinduzido.