Foreign Direct Investment, Clean Development Mechanism, and Environmental Management: A case of Sub-Saharan Africa

This doctoral dissertation explores the contribution of environmental management practices, the so-called clean development mechanism (CDM) projects, and foreign direct investment (FDI) in achieving sustainable development in developing countries, particularly in Sub- Saharan Africa. Because the climate change caused by greenhouse gas emissions is one of the most serious global environmental challenges, the main focus is on the causal links between carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, energy consumption, and economic development in Sub-Saharan Africa. In addition, the dissertation investigates the factors that have affected the distribution of CDM projects in developing countries and the relationships between FDI and other macroeconomic variables of interest. The main contribution of the dissertation is empirical. One of the publications uses crosssectional data and Tobit and Poisson regressions. Three of the studies use time-series data and vector autoregressive and vector error correction models, while two publications use panel data and panel data estimation methods. One of the publications uses thus both timeseries and panel data. The concept of Granger causality is utilized in four of the publications. The results indicate that there are significant differences in the Granger causality relationships between CO2 emissions, energy consumption, economic growth, and FDI in different countries. It appears also that the causality relationships change over time. Furthermore, the results support the environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis but only for some of the countries. As to CDM activities, past emission levels, institutional quality, and the size of the host country appear to be among the significant determinants of the distribution of CDM projects. FDI and exports are also found to be significant determinants of economic growth.

Tabula geographica Europae ad statum, quo sub finem anni 900 post Christ. nat. suit = L'Europe à la fin de l'an. 900 après naiss. de J. Chr. / in usum iuventutis erudiendae descripta a C. Kruse.

0-meridiaani: Ferro.

High prevalence of the GSTM3*A/B polymorphism in sub-Sarahan African populations

A 3-bp insertion/deletion polymorphism in intron 6 of GSTM3 (rs1799735, GSTM3*A/*B) affects the activity of the phase 2 xenobiotic metabolizing enzyme GSTM3 and has been associated with increased cancer risk. The GSTM3*B allele is rare or absent in Southeast Asians, occurs in 5-20% of Europeans but was detected in 80% of Bantu from South Africa. The wide genetic diversity among Africans led us to investigate whether the high frequency of GSTM3*B prevailed in other sub-Saharan African populations. In 168 healthy individuals from Angola, Mozambique and the São Tomé e Príncipe islands, the GSTM3*B allele was three times more frequent (0.74-0.78) than the GSTM3*A allele (0.22-0.26), with no significant differences in allele frequency across the three groups. We combined these data with previously published results to carry out a multidimensional scaling analysis, which provided a visualization of the worldwide population affinities based on the GSTM3 *A/*B polymorphism.

Summa rerum genera esse tantum duo: substantiam nimirum & accidens, ex suffragio ampliss. facult. philos. in florentissimo ad Auram Athenaeo, sub umbone ... dn. mag. Simonis Tålpo, met & log. professoris famigeratissimi, consistorii Acad. assessoris gravissimi nec non annexae Pijkensis pastoris longe fidelissimi. Summos in philosophia honores aditurus dissertatione philosophica ad sobrie philosophantium examen modeste delata statuere conabitur Jeremias Wallenius J. f. Tavastensis. Ad diem 21. Nov. anni redempti orbis M. DC. XC. IV. Horis pomeridianis in auditorio maximo

Invokaatio: A.J.

Positiones philosophicae ex fragrantissimo philosophiae viridario carptìm collectae. Quas ex consensu amplissimae [et] venerandae facultatis philosophicae in Regiâ Academiâ Aboënsi. Sub praesidio, ... dn. Michaelis Gyllenstålpes, Wexionii, j. u. & philos: doct: pereximii, ll:m polit: & hist: prof: publ: celeberrimi, p. t. rectoris magnifici, moecenatis, praecept. ac promotoris quovis obsequii & honoris genere plurimùm prosequendi. Liberalis exercitij gratia, publicae eruditorum disquisitioni modestè sistit Daniel B. Rosander Smolandus s. r. m.tis stipendiarius. In auditorio majori ad diem 22. Novemb. anno 1654. Horis ab 8. antemeridianis

Variantti A.

De Sveo-Gothis; qui vixerunt sub periodo Erici I.mi. ad Ericum 2.dum: memorans quomodo restituti sunt primum ab Erico, mox tamen ac multos annos ab incertis ducibus vexati, at nunquam vera religione destituti

Variantti B.

De Sveo-Gothis; qui vixerunt sub periodo Erici I.mi. ad Ericum 2.dum: memorans quomodo restituti sunt primum ab Erico, mox tamen ac multos annos ab incertis ducibus vexati, at nunquam vera religione destituti

Variantti A.

De Sveo-Gothis, qui vixerunt sub finem Testamenti Veteris, post praemissa nonnulla de Biarmorum Jumala, expendens quomodo hic verus Deus et Sathanam tunc strinxit circa religionis curam apud paganos, et sibi quosdam alios servavit pios adminiculis variis auctos

Variantti B.

Linea omnes dati generis determinato sub angulo secans in spatio trium dimensionum investigans

Dedikaatio: Fredrika Wilhelmina Stjernvall född Charpentier [ruots.].

Observationes nonnullae super naturam phrenoshematum [!]. Qvas consentiente ampliss: facultate philosophica in Regia Academia Aboënsi, sub praesidio, ... dn. Torst. Rudeen, poës. profess. ord. h. t. facult. phil. decani spectabilis, publici speciminis loco bonis examinandas modestè exhibet Jonas Emzeen, Wermel: ad d. 30 Aprilis anni 1697 loco [et] horis adsuetis

Variantti B.

Nova ratione determinantur loca telluris, ab effectibus parallaxis in transitu planetarum sub sole, dependentia

Arkit: A-B4.

De lingvis sub imperio Sveo-Gothico usitatioribus

Invokaatio: Favente Jehovâ.

Catalogus librorum & instrumentorum chirurgicorum b. m. viri Josephi Pippingsköld, m. d. profess. chirurg. [et] art. obstetr. ad Imp. Acad. Aboëns. nec non imp. coll. med. assessoris, sub hasta d. Oct. XXX & sqq. a. MDCCCXVI

Julkaisuvuosi nimekkeestä.

La estructura económica del (sub)desarrollo y el equilibrio general o ¿qué ocurrió con la teoría del desarrollo y con las estructuras económicas?

Formerly the concept of economic development involved transforming the productive structures in order to employ the population in higher productivity activities, so that welfare improved. Development implied that economic systems followed development paths (not always in equilibrium) in order to reach more desirable welfare results: Equilibrium was not the main target. More recently, economic strategies emphasize reaching growth within equilibrium paths, thus, preserving economic structures. The latter vision yields incompatible results with the former. This paper revises some issues concerning structural change versus equilibrium targets as a means to reach development.

Industrialization in Sub-Saharan Africa and import substitution policy

This article aims to contribute to the understanding of the process of import substitution in Sub-Saharan Africa. The process of industrialization in Sub-Saharan Africa occurred in two phases: a first step, even very early during the colonial regime began around the 1920s and ended in the late forties; a second phase of industrialization began in the late fifties and gained momentum in the sixties, when import substitution was implemented more widely. Although these countries were the last to embark on the strategy of import substitution, they followed the same steps of Latin American countries, and as the structural domestic and external constraints were too strong, the failure of the policy of import substitution arrived early and the negative impact on these economies had a greater magnitude.