931 resultados para SUB-DESTREZAS


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New methylene blue-intercalated a-zirconium phosphate (NMBZrP) was synthesized in the presence of n-butylamine and characterized by powder XRD, FTIR, TEM and elemental analysis. Sub-micron particles of NMBZrP in deionized water were apt to deposit onto the surface of graphite powder to yield graphite powder-supported NMBZrP, which was subsequently dispersed into methyltrimethoxysilane-derived gels to fabricate surface-renewable, stable, rigid carbon ceramic electrodes containing new methylene blue. Cyclic voltammetric studies revealed that peak currents of the NMBZrP-modified electrode were surface-confined at low scan rates but diffusion-controlled. at high scan rates. In addition, NMBZrP immobilized in a carbon ceramic matrix presented a two-electron, three-proton redox process in acidic aqueous solution in the pH range from 0.52 to 3.95.

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Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of a polyethersulfone (PES) chain are carried out in the amorphous state by using the Dreiding 2.21 force field at four temperatures. Two types of molecular motion, i.e, rotations of phenylene rings and torsions of large segments containing two oxygen atoms, two sulfur atoms, and five phenylene rings on the backbone, are simulated. The modeling results show that the successive phenylene rings should be in-phase cooperative rotations, whereas the successive large segments should be out-of-phase cooperative torsions. By calculating the diffusion coefficient for the phenylene ring rotations, it is found that this rotation contributes to the beta -transition of PES.

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1. This paper investigated the bioenergetic responses of the sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus (wet weights of 36.5 +/- 1.2 g) to different water temperatures (5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 degrees C) in the laboratory. 2. Results showed that theoretically the optimal temperatures for energy intake and scope for growth (SFG) of sub-adult A. japonicus was at 15.6 and 16.0 degrees C, respectively. The aestivation threshold temperature for this life-stage sea cucumber could be 29.0 degrees C by taking feeding cessation as the indication of aestivation. 3. Our data suggests that A. japonicus is thermo-sensitive to higher temperature, which prevents it from colonising sub-tropical coastal zones. Therefore, water temperature plays an important role in its southernmost distribution limit in China. 4. The potential impact of global ocean warming on A. japonicus might be a northward shift in the geographical distribution. Crown Copyright (C) 2009 Published by Elsevier Ltd, All rights reserved.

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No caso de mamoeiro, cuidados especiais devem ser tomados com a nutrição das plantas, pois a cultura é muito exigente principalmente em N e K; com a incidência de pragas que demandam intenso monitoramento do pomar; e com controle correto da umidade do solo, em função da planta ser muito sensível ao déficit hídrico e ao encharcamento. Neste caso, é importante que o irrigante monitore a umidade do solo, por exemplo, com uso de tensiômetros, e calcule a lâmina de irrigação com base na demanda de água da atmosfera, que varia diariamente em função dos elementos meterológico reinantes no ambiente em que se encontra o pomar irrigado (temperatura do ar (°C), Radiação Solar (MJ m² dia -¹), Velocidade do vento (m s-¹) e Umidade Relativa do Ar (%)).

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Bacias hidrográficas são consideradas unidades de gestão e planejamento ambiental para monitoramento hidrológico, conservação do solo e disciplinamento do uso da terra, devido a importância na produção de água em qualidade e quantidade. A Política Nacional dos Recursos Hídricos (Lei n0 9433 de 1997, Decreto n0 2612 de 1998) tem como finalidade organizar a gestão de BH entre usuários de água que envolvem setores produtivos e da sociedade civil, em diferentes esferas administrativas, e que exige uma subdivisão do território em grandes bacias, sub-bacias e microbacias hidrográficas. Para o estado do Rio de Janeiro existem delineamentos em regiões específicas, resultantes do programa de despoluição da baía de Guanabara (PDBG) e do projeto GEROE. Para uma compartimentação em unidades de gestão ambiental com maior escala, e para todo o estado do Rio, foi executada uma delimitação automática com posterior edição, sendo estas bacias parametrizadas com a finalidade de indicar o seu grau de vulnerabilidade por meio de uma técnica de suporte a decisão conhecida como análise multicritério. O resultado indica que as bacias mais vulneráveis concentram-se na região noroeste e norte do estado, sendo que as que apresentaram maior grau de vulnerabilidade acompanham o rio Paraíba do Sul da região central do estado até sua foz, sendo considerada, portanto, uma indicação de áreas para programas de recuperação ambiental.

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Abrahamsen, Rita, Williams, Paul, 'Ethics and Foreign Policy: The Antinomies of New Labour's 'Third Way' in Sub-Saharan Africa', Political Studies (2002) 49(2) pp.249-264 RAE2008

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Paper published in PLoS Medicine in 2007.

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The atom pencil we describe here is a versatile tool that writes arbitrary structures by atomic deposition in a serial lithographic process. This device consists of a transversely laser-cooled and collimated cesium atomic beam that passes through a 4-pole atom-flux concentrator and impinges on to micron- and sub-micron-sized apertures. The aperture translates above a fixed substrate and enables the writing of sharp features with sizes down to 280 nm. We have investigated the writing and clogging properties of an atom pencil tip fabricated from silicon oxide pyramids perforated at the tip apex with a sub-micron aperture.

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Metal oxide clusters of sub-nm dimensions dispersed on a metal oxide support are an important class of catalytic materials for a number of key chemical reactions, showing enhanced reactivity over the corresponding bulk oxide. In this paper we present the results of a density functional theory study of small sub-nm TiO2 clusters, Ti2O4, Ti3O6 and Ti4O8 supported on the rutile (110) surface. We find that all three clusters adsorb strongly with adsorption energies ranging from -3 eV to -4.5 eV. The more stable adsorption structures show a larger number of new Ti-O bonds formed between the cluster and the surface. These new bonds increase the coordination of cluster Ti and O as well as surface oxygen, so that each has more neighbours. The electronic structure shows that the top of the valence band is made up of cluster derived states, while the conduction band is made up of Ti 3d states from the surface, resulting in a reduction of the effective band gap and spatial separation of electrons and holes after photon absorption, which shows their potential utility in photocatalysis. To examine reactivity, we study the formation of oxygen vacancies in the cluster-support system. The most stable oxygen vacancy sites on the cluster show formation energies that are significantly lower than in bulk TiO2, demonstrating the usefulness of this composite system for redox catalysis.