Inoculação com leveduras e exposição ao ar modificam o valor nutritivo de silagem de milho para vacas leiteiras

Silagens de milho são mais propensas à deterioração quando expostas ao ar. As leveduras assimiladoras de ácido lático são frequentemente os primeiros microrganismos a iniciar a deterioração aeróbia nas silagens. Alguns estudos reportam que silagem de milho aerobicamente instável está associada à redução no consumo, na produção de leite e depressão no teor de gordura do leite. Portanto, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a influência de inoculação de leveduras (Pichia norvegensis) e a exposição ao ar por 48 horas sobre o valor nutritivo das silagens e o desempenho de vacas leiteiras. O milho foi colhido com 34% de MS, tratado sem (Controle) ou com P. norvegensis, na dose 1×105 ufc/g MV (Levedura) e armazenado silos tipo bolsa (40 t/silo). Após 123 dias de armazenamento, os silos foram abertos e a silagem foi fornecida para vacas leiteiras. Diariamente, as silagens foram retiradas e fornecidas imediatamente (Fresca) ou após 48 horas de exposição (Exposta). Vinte vacas Holandesas foram distribuídas em 5 quadrados latinos replicados 4×4, com períodos de 21 dias (15 d para adaptação + 6 d para amostragem). As dietas foram formuladas para conter: 53% silagem de milho, 8% caroço de algodão, 18% farelo de soja, 9,5% polpa cítrica, 9% milho seco moído e 2,5% premix vitamínico e mineral. Os quatro tratamentos foram assim constituídos: silagem controle fresca (CF), silagem controle exposta (CE), silagem inoculada com levedura fresca (LF) e silagem inoculada com levedura exposta (LE). A inoculação com levedura aumentou as perdas de matéria seca (P<0,001) e reduziu o tempo de estabilidade aeróbia (P=0,03) das silagens de milho. No ensaio de desempenho animal, reduziu a produção de leite corrigida para 3,5% de gordura (P=0,03) e a eficiência alimentar (ELL leite/CMS) (P<0,01), porém não alterou o teor de gordura do leite. Quanto aos efeitos da exposição ao ar por 48 horas, estes reduziram a concentração de ácido lático (P<0,001), que consequentemente aumentou o pH (P=0,004) das silagens, além de reduzir outros produtos de fermentação. A exposição também reduziu a produção de leite corrigido para gordura (P=0,02) e a eficiência alimentar (P=0,10). Nenhum tratamento alterou o consumo de MS. Houve tendência para redução da digestibilidade da MS e FDN e do NDT, quando as silagens foram expostas ao ar. A inoculação com leveduras e a exposição ao ar por 48 horas deprimem o desempenho animal através da redução no valor nutritivo das silagens de milho.

Análisis instrumental del recubrimiento de las paredes internas de dos estructuras negativas de tipo silo de la ocupación neolítica postcardial de Benàmer

Análisis instrumental mediante diferentes técnicas (ATR-IR, DRX, TG, SEM, MO, FRX, etc..) del recubrimiento de la pared interna de dos estructuras negativas (silos)del yacimiento Neolítico-Mesolítico de Cantera Benàmer (Muro d'Alcoi, Alicante).

La Genética Toxicológica al servicio de la medicina

La propuesta de trabajo que se presenta pretende concretar una eficiente tarea de socialización que responde a la demanda realizada por Centro de Atención Primaria Ambiental de Marcos Juárez para abordar el problema del escaso conocimiento sobre la utilidad de los ensayos de genotoxicidad en la práctica médica, para la detección temprana de poblaciones con riesgo incrementado de padecer determinadas afecciones. A través de los ensayos de genotoxicidad se puede evaluar el daño causado a nivel del material hereditario (ADN) de individuos expuestos a agentes ambientales. Esta evaluación ha sido, en muchos países, una prioridad en estudios de salud pública por décadas, y el aumento del nivel de daño es corrientemente interpretado como evidencia de exposición genotóxica y efecto biológico temprano sobre el ADN. Un aumento del daño en el material genético tiene estrecha relación con la aparición de diferentes tipos de cáncer y de enfermedades degenerativas crónicas, por cuanto el estudio de poblaciones expuestas a algún agente sospechoso de producir efecto sobre el material hereditario, es un complemento de los estudios epidemiológicos. Por todo lo expuesto, es importante utilizar los ensayos de genotoxicidad estandarizados y relevantes en cuanto a su valor pronóstico e incluso en ciertos casos de valor diagnóstico y estudiar aquellos individuos que, por su ocupación laboral o estilo de vida, se encuentran más expuestos o con mayor riesgo de sufrir alteraciones capaces de modificar su estabilidad genética a los fines de prevenir la aparición de determinadas afecciones. Consecuentemente consideramos que transmitir la experiencia acumulada en nuestro laboratorio GeMA (Genética y Mutagénesis Ambiental, UNRC) sobre la utilización y los resultados de los ensayos de genotoxicidad es prioritario, para que la misma pueda ser adoptada en ámbito de la medicina en la prevención y promoción de la salud humana y ambiental. Para ello se propone la articulación de actividades con representantes del ámbito de la salud y la comunidad a través del Centro de Atención Primaria Ambiental (Marcos Juárez), teniendo en cuenta que estas organizaciones son una estrategia de la Organización Panamericana de la Salud para lograr Ciudades Sustentables. Este Centro desarrolla actividades en relación a la problemática que plantean los residuos sólidos urbanos, la contaminación de silos, el saneamiento de fuente de agua potable, la contaminación por antenas de telefonía celular. De esta manera se estará contribuyendo en forma participativa, a transferir los conocimientos y resultados de investigación de nuestro grupo (como libro y disertaciones informativas), para que sean incorporados a la práctica médica en aquellas personas expuestas ambiental o laboral a contaminantes. La finalidad que se persigue es que se puedan tomar las medidas oportunas para minimizar el riesgo para la salud que significa, si el nivel de daño en el material genético está aumentado. La capacitación debe ser la orientación principal para plantear problemas vinculados a la detección temprana de efectos de los contaminantes sobre el material genético y se constituye en una estrategia que resulta especialmente apropiada en este tipo de riesgo para la salud.

Capacitación y Transferencia de un modelo de Sistema de Monitoreo de calidad de aire con bioindicadores

Se nos plantea en este tercer milenio una realidad que se vuelve cada vez más acusiante y a la que debemos dar pronta respuesta desde todos los ángulos posibles y es el deterioro ambiental en general y el de los espacios urbanos en particular. La calidad del aire hace a nuestar calidad de vida, cuando el aire es oxigenado y presenta bajas tasas de polución (ya que hoy es imposible hablar de espacios urbanos sin contaminación en el aire) la sociedad se ve beneficiada en su salud, rendimiento físico, capacidad aeróbica, etc. Pero el crecimiento desordenado de las ciudades ocasiona la pérdida de ambientes naturales y con ello la pérdida de masa verde. El verde en cualquiera de sus formas (árboles, arbustos, enredaderas, etc) genera el oxígeno necesario para respirar, pero a su vez es capaz de degradar gran parte de los contaminantes que la actividad humana genera a la atmósfera. En el caso de Villa María en particular, el crecimiento urbano de los últimos tiempos ha producido una fuerte reducción de espacios verdes en la ciudad, así como un aumento importante en el parque automotor, lo que produce un impacto directo en la calidad del aire. Se suma a esta situación la presencia de silos cercanos, la posibilidad de radicación de empresas que utilicen la gasificación como proceso de degradación de la basura y la presencia de pequeñas industrias que contribuyen a un panorama preocupante para la calidad del aire. Como formadores de formadores en el área de las ciencias naturales, nos sentimos involucrados y responsables en la toma de conciencia de esta realidad y en identificar y transferir conocimiento y metodologías apropiadas y posibles de desarrollar en este nivel, así como diferentes posibles caminos para comprometer al estudiante de profesorado, pero también al propio profesor en la compleja realidad de nuestros problemas ambientales. Se identificó el trabajo de un grupo de la Universidad Nacional de Córdoba que ha desarrollado un sistema de Monitoreo de la Calidad del Aire con Bioindicadores, siendo el mismo parte de la ordenanza de monitoreo del aire para esa ciudad. Esta metodología ha sido aplicada en diferentes niveles educativos, ajustando su complejidad y exigencia, con el objetivo de sensibilizar y concientizar sobre los problemas ambientales actuales, la necesidad de espacios verdes y además de transferir de manera sencilla pero rigurosa el resultado de una investigación a la sociedad, en particular a alumnos de la escuela media según hemos constatado y se observa en bibliografía. Este proyecto se adecua a los lineamientos educativos en vigencia (Diseño Curricular de Educación Secundaria - Documento de Trabajo 2009-2010 del Ministerio de Educación de la Provincia de Córdoba), cumpliendo el objetivo de incorporar las ciencias naturales a la alfabetización científica y tecnológica de los ciudadanos y a la fundamentación de la toma de decisiones en diferentes contextos. En ese caso, los conocimientos construidos en este proyecto podrán servir para realizar una acción concreta en el contexto ambiental. Esto facilita la tarea del formador y agiliza el proceso educativo. Por lo ante dicho, nos planteamos la posibilidad de intercambiar experiencias entre formadores de distintos niveles, generar un espacio de conocimiento del tema de calidad de aire como problemática ambiental en un área urbana y finalmente aplicar el sistema de monitoreo de calidad de aire en nuestra ciudad como una herramienta de transferencia educativa. La propuesta es un modo de vincular a la formación docente con el campo de la investigación y la capacitación. .

The silo for Missouri farmers /

Caption title.

Vida y milagros de el thaumaturgo español ... Sto. Domingo Manso ... /

Mode of access: Internet.

The modern silo /

Cover title.

Coleccion de reales cédulas, instrucciones, órdenes y demas disposiciones del ramo de pósitos : expedidas hasta fin del año de 1826 con algunas notas instructivas para mayor ilustración /

Mode of access: Internet.

The challenge of interdisciplinary collaboration in addressing the social determinants

The importance of professional disciplines working together to address the critical social and health issues facing society today cannot be overstated. Policy makers, service providers and researchers have long been calling for greater interdisciplinary collaboration. Despite this there has been little systemic analysis of the constraints involved in such collaboration. Far too often disciplines continue to work in silos. This paper aims to analyse the barriers to interdisciplinary collaboration through a case study of the relationship between social work and public health. These two disciplines have a lot more in common than might first appear. There is real potential for social work and public health to work together and enhance each other's efforts to address their common goal of greater social equality. However, this will require a genuine commitment from both disciplines to develop a shared political analysis, common language and a framework for action, which utilises their respective strengths.

Developing interdisciplinary research graduates: educational opportunities and dilemmas

Attempting to solve the complex problems of the 21st century requires research graduates that have developed a sophisticated array of interdisciplinary teamwork and communication skills. Although universities, governments, industry and the professions have emphasised the need to break down disciplinary silos in order to produce graduates, who can respond more effectively to the needs of the knowledge economy, much of this work has centred on undergraduate programs. While there are some research higher degree students who choose to work on interdisciplinary research topics, very little has been done to develop interdisciplinary research education systematically. This paper explores the educational opportunities and dilemmas involved in developing systematic programs of interdisciplinary research activities in two research centres at the University of Queensland. Framed by Bruhn's (2000, p. 58) theoretical discourse about interdisciplinary research as 'a philosophy, an art form, an artifact, and an antidote', this paper emphasises the need for such programs to embed the development of students' interdisciplinary research skills and attitudes within their research projects. The two diverse programs also emphasise experiential, active and interactive learning techniques and are centred upon the development of students' reflective practice skills.

People, technology, processes and risk knowledge sharing

The present global economic crisis creates doubts about the good use of accumulated experience and knowledge in managing risk in financial services. Typically, risk management practice does not use knowledge management (KM) to improve and to develop new answers to the threats. A key reason is that it is not clear how to break down the “organizational silos” view of risk management (RM) that is commonly taken. As a result, there has been relatively little work on finding the relationships between RM and KM. We have been doing research for the last couple of years on the identification of relationships between these two disciplines. At ECKM 2007 we presented a general review of the literature(s) and some hypotheses for starting research on KM and its relationship to the perceived value of enterprise risk management. This article presents findings based on our preliminary analyses, concentrating on those factors affecting the perceived quality of risk knowledge sharing. These come from a questionnaire survey of RM employees in organisations in the financial services sector, which yielded 121 responses. We have included five explanatory variables for the perceived quality of risk knowledge sharing. These comprised two variables relating to people (organizational capacity for work coordination and perceived quality of communication among groups), one relating to process (perceived quality of risk control) and two related to technology (web channel functionality and RM information system functionality). Our findings so far are that four of these five variables have a significant positive association with the perceived quality of risk knowledge sharing: contrary to expectations, web channel functionality did not have a significant association. Indeed, in some of our exploratory regression studies its coefficient (although not significant) was negative. In stepwise regression, the variable organizational capacity for work coordination accounted for by far the largest part of the variation in the dependent variable perceived quality of risk knowledge sharing. The “people” variables thus appear to have the greatest influence on the perceived quality of risk knowledge sharing, even in a sector that relies heavily on technology and on quantitative approaches to decision making. We have also found similar results with the dependent variable perceived value of Enterprise Risk Management (ERM) implementation.

Knowledge management and risk management

This article takes the perspective that risk knowledge and the activities related to RM practice can benefit from the implementation of KM processes and systems, to produce a better enterprise wide implementation of risk management. Both in the information systems discipline and elsewhere, there has been a trend towards greater integration and consolidation in the management of organizations. Some examples of this are: Enterprise Resource Planning (Stevens, 2003), Enterprise Architecture (Zachmann, 1996) and Enterprise Content Management (Smith & McKeen, 2003). Similarly, risk management is evolving into Enterprise Risk Management. KM’s importance in breaking down silos within an organization can help it to do so.

Before and after modelling:risk knowledge management is required

Risk and knowledge are two concepts and components of business management which have so far been studied almost independently. This is especially true where risk management is conceived mainly in financial terms, as, for example, in the banking sector. The banking sector has sophisticated methodologies for managing risk, such as mathematical risk modeling. However. the methodologies for analyzing risk do not explicitly include knowledge management for risk knowledge creation and risk knowledge transfer. Banks are affected by internal and external changes with the consequent accommodation to new business models new regulations and the competition of big players around the world. Thus, banks have different levels of risk appetite and policies in risk management. This paper takes into consideration that business models are changing and that management is looking across the organization to identify the influence of strategic planning, information systems theory, risk management and knowledge management. These disciplines can handle the risks affecting banking that arise from different areas, but only if they work together. This creates a need to view them in an integrated way. This article sees enterprise risk management as a specific application of knowledge in order to control deviation from strategic objectives, shareholders' values and stakeholders' relationships. Before and after a modeling process it necessary to find insights into how the application of knowledge management processes can improve the understanding of risk and the implementation of enterprise risk management. The article presents a propose methodology to contribute to providing a guide for developing risk modeling knowledge and a reduction of knowledge silos, in order to improve the quality and quantity of solutions related to risk inquiries across the organization.

Knowledge management in support of enterprise risk management

Risk management and knowledge management have so far been studied almost independently. The evolution of risk management to the holistic view of Enterprise Risk Management requires the destruction of barriers between organizational silos and the exchange and application of knowledge from different risk management areas. However, knowledge management has received little or no attention in risk management. This paper examines possible relationships between knowledge management constructs related to knowledge sharing, and two risk management concepts: perceived quality of risk control and perceived value of enterprise risk management. From a literature review, relationships with eight knowledge management variables covering people, process and technology aspects were hypothesised. A survey was administered to risk management employees in financial institutions. The results showed that the perceived quality of risk control is significantly associated with four knowledge management variables: perceived quality of risk knowledge sharing, perceived quality of communication among people, web channel functionality, and risk management information system functionality. However, the relationships of the knowledge management variables to the perceived value of enterprise risk management are not significant. We conclude that better knowledge management is associated with better risk control, but that more effort needs to be made to break down organizational silos in order to support true Enterprise Risk Management.

Managing boundary spanning elements:an introduction

The primary purpose of boundary spanning has been the information exchange between the organization and its task-environment. With complex, global organizational structures and increased emphasis on outsourcing, organizations today are susceptible to degenerate into ‘silos’ and in turn hampering the synergy and efficiency. Boundary spanning research becomes critical to answer some emerging questions in this area. Organization theorists have considered the boundary spanning construct an important one that explains the boundaries of an organization, inter organizational exchanges, dependence and in general, the concept of an organization. The research in this area seems to fall in two broad streams viz., Organization focused, dealing with issues pertaining to organization system, network, learning and collaboration and Individual focused, exploring issues of actors—and their attitudes, behavior—that traverse the boundaries of organization such as sales person, service workers and public servants. This chapter introduces nine interesting research studies presented in the following chapters of the book and attempt to put them in perspective in light of extant literature in the area of boundary spanning theory.