Famílias de zona rural e urbana: características e concepções de adolescentes

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Jovens do assentamento Ribeirão Bonito: entre a recusa da profissão de agricultor e a afirmação do modo de vida rural?

Pós-graduação em Agronomia - FEIS

História do ensino primário rural em São Paulo e Santa Catarina (1921-1952): uma abordagem comparada

Pós-graduação em Educação Escolar - FCLAR

Cartografias da educação na Amazônia rural ribeirinha: estudo do currículo, imagens, saberes e identidade em uma escola do município de Breves/Pará

Esta dissertação resulta de uma pesquisa realizada em Breves, localizado ao sul da ilha de Marajó, no Estado do Pará - Brasil. Ela investiga o planejamento curricular da escola rural ribeirinha da vila de madeireira "Ivo Mainardi" da rede municipal de Breves/PA, na perspectiva das identidades e dos saberes da população ribeirinha marajoara de Breves. No percurso metodológico investigativo foi utilizado a análise documental, a entrevista semiestruturada e a fotografia, com a perspectiva de possibilitar ao leitor uma melhor compreensão sobre a Amazônia rural ribeirinha. A história de Breves tem início no Período Colonial, com a chegada dos portugueses ao local, sua população é constituída de ribeirinhos, muitos desses residem em pequenas comunidades, povoados e vilas de madeireiras. Muitos ribeirinhos são atraídos às vilas de madeireiras pela oferta do emprego na empresa madeireira e pela escola. Apesar do ribeirinho viver em um contexto em que a produção material está relacionada à exploração da madeira os currículos escolares não tratam desta questão, distanciando-se do que preconizam as Diretrizes Operacionais para a Educação Básica nas Escolas do Campo, que estabelece como princípio de qualidade do currículo a ecologia e a sustentabilidade. O planejamento curricular das escolas do meio rural é elaborado com a participaçã dos educadores rurais ribeirinhos, mas ainda não expressa os saberes, a cultura, e a identidade dos ribeirinhos marajoaras da Vila Mainardi. Assim, o desafio colocado aos gestores, os sujeitos sociais e os educadores é de vislumbrar o compromisso com uma educação que construa e cultive identidades, valores, memória coletiva e sinalize para a valorização e respeito dos povos que vivem na Amazônia marajoara, rural e ribeirinha de Breves.

Reforma agrária na Amazônia?: avaliação do II Plano Nacional de Reforma Agrária no território rural do Baixo Tocantins – PA

Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo principal fazer uma avaliação do Programa Novos Assentamentos contido no II Plano Nacional de Reforma Agrária. O recorte espacial foi o Território Rural do Baixo Tocantins a partir do Assentamento Araxiteua, localizado no município do Acará – nordeste do Estado do Pará. Foi utilizada a metodologia de métodos mistos. Esse estudo focalizou a aplicação de questionários com 80 chefes de famílias que foram entrevistadas com a técnica de pesquisas não estruturadas com um técnico do INCRA, o Presidente do Conselho Municipal de Desenvolvimento Rural Sustentável do Acará, um representante do Departamento de Educação do Campo desse município, o Presidente da Associação dos Assentados do Assentamento Araxiteua e alguns chefes de famílias. O recorte temporal da pesquisa foi de 2006 a 2011. Os resultados demonstram que os impactos foram mais positivos do que negativos. O impacto negativo foi mensurado a partir da variável social. As variáveis social, territorial e econômica resultaram em uma melhoria na renda e na qualidade de vida dos assentados. Destacam-se como negativos a não aplicação da assistência técnica, a não aplicação do PRONERA e não liberação do crédito apoio mulher. Como positivos, a liberação e aplicação do crédito inicial, a introdução da rede de energia elétrica e a facilidade do acesso ao PRONAF. Conclui-se que o II Plano Nacional de Reforma Agrária cumpriu uma parcela significativa dos seus objetivos.

Diagnóstico de enteroparasitoses numa comunidade rural de Mirante da Serra, Rondônia, Brasil

As enteroparasitoses estão entre as infecções mais comuns no homem, apresentando-se com maior intensidade em países subdesenvolvidos por estarem diretamente relacionadas às condições higiênico-sanitárias. Este estudo tem por objetivo investigar a presença de enteroparasitas causadoras de doenças no homem, em uma comunidade do Movimento dos Trabalhadores Rurais Sem Terra (MST) no estado de Rondônia. No acampamento Pe. Ezequiel, município de Mirante da Serra, RO, foram utilizados os métodos direto e de sedimentação espontânea em água para detecção e identificação das formas parasitárias de protozoários e helmintos em material fecal de residentes do mesmo e o teste de ELISA (Ensaio imunoenzimático) para detecção de coprantígeno específico, anti-GIAP (proteina de aderência inibidora da galactose), de Entamoea histolytica (Tachlab, Blacksburg, VA, USA). Foram examinadas 313 amostras fecais pelos testes coproscópicos e 186 pelo teste de ELISA. A prevalência encontrada foi de 33,5% sendo a E. histolystica, Giárdia Lamblia e os ancilostomídeos os parasitas patogênicos mais frequentes. Não foram encontradas diferenças significativas entre parasitismo e idade, mas entre agente causador da infecção e sexo houve significância entre E. histolytica e sexo feminino. Não foi possível determinar fator (es) de risco relacionado (s) às infecções. Quanto ao resultado do ELISA, foi detectado um número maior de amébiase intestinal por este método do que por coproscopia. Considerando ser o acampamento uma área rural sem infra-estrutura ideal, o baixo parasitismo encontrado foi surpreendente. Todavia, a estrutura alternativa do local somado à organização social do grupo, consciência comunitária e formação básica em saúde, constitui fatores preponderantes para a aprovação e/ou controle das enteroparasitoses.

A mulher trabalhadora rural do Assentamento de Reforma Agrária João Batista II, em Castanhal – PA

Nesta dissertação discutiu-se a mulher no meio rural a partir da experiência das trabalhadoras do assentamento de reforma agrária João Batista II. O referido assentamento está localizado no município de Castanhal, no nordeste do Pará. Analisaram-se vários aspectos da vida das mulheres assentadas, como: renda, faixa etária, ocupação, escolaridade, estado civil, entre outros. A questão central deste estudo, contudo, relacionava-se com as condições em que se processava o trabalho da mulher no assentamento. A partir de uma perspectiva de gênero, objetivou-se desvendar as formas e ideologias que sustentam a dominação do masculino sobre o feminino no meio rural. Verificou-se que a mulher assentada trabalha tanto ou mais que o homem, porém, na maioria das vezes, esse trabalho não é reconhecido. Neste sentido ocorre uma relativa invisibilidade da contribuição feminina nas áreas de reforma agrária. Nas ocasiões em que as assentadas são remuneradas, o valor pago a elas é inferior ao do homem pelo mesmo trabalho realizado.

Evaluation of the relationship between education and sustainability in peasant movements: The experience of the National Education Program in Agrarian Reform

Brazil is one of the largest agricultural producers in the world. However, its agrarian composition is based on two markedly different production models, particularly in relation to sustainability: a peasant family agriculture, which plays an important role in food production for domestic consumption and advocates agro-ecological practises; and agribusiness, the politically and economically hegemonic model that produces commodities for export based on monoculture and intensive use of pesticides. Therefore, in order to create the means to develop peasant lands, social movements and peasants have engaged themselves politically and defended an education model grounded in sustainable practises of production and social organisation. Taking this into account, the main purpose of this paper is to analyse and assess the Brazilian experience of integration between education and sustainability, in the National Education Program in Agrarian Reform (PRONERA). To accomplish this aim, a survey with a semi-structured questionnaire was carried out among teachers, students, monitors, and coordinators of the course offered by PRONERA. The surveys showed that the courses are promoting the concepts of sustainability among peasants. However, many adjustments need to be taken into consideration during the planning process for the next courses offered by PRONERA.

Análise da performance ambiental e a capacitação profissional rural na produção de soja e milho no estado de Mato Grosso

Pós-graduação em Engenharia de Produção - FEB

Percepção de situações de risco ambiental na área rural de São José do Rio Pardo/SP

Pós-graduação em Geografia - IGCE

Trade Liberalization, Corn Prices and a Rural Community in Guatemala

Trade liberalization policies in Guatemala have impacted agricultural production. This thesis focuses on how trade liberalization has happened, what have been the impacts at a national level and describes how a community has adapted to the implementation of these policies. The implementation of trade was influenced by several, international and national institutions. Among the international institutions are the World Bank, the World Trade Organization and the United States Agency for International Development. At the national level the institutions that have partaken in shaping the trade policies are the military and the owners of capital and labor. The implementation of trade policies at a national level has affected national corn prices, population level diets and to some extent reduced poverty levels. At a local level trade liberalization policies have impacted land holdings, increased intensification of agriculture, including agrochemical, machinery and crop plantations per year, and consumption rates of corn have been affected. Maximization of the benefits and minimization of the detrimental effects can happen with the implementation of policies that promote food security, improve access to health and education, and prevent environmental and human health consequences from the intensification of agriculture and at the same time continue with the production of non-traditional agricultural products.

Community Life and Housing in Rural Nebraska: 2005 Nebraska Rural Poll Results

Many rural communities are experiencing population decline. However, rural residents have continued to show a strong attachment to their communities. How do rural Nebraskans feel about their community? Are they satisfied with the services provided? Do they own their home? What is the condition of their home? This report details 2,851 responses to the 2005 Nebraska Rural Poll, the tenth annual effort to understand rural Nebraskans’ perceptions. Respondents were asked a series of questions about their community and housing. Trends for some of these questions are examined by comparing data from the nine previous polls to this year’s results. For all questions, comparisons are made among different respondent subgroups, that is, comparisons by age, occupation, region, etc. Based on these analyses, some key findings emerged: Rural Nebraskans’ views of the change in their community are similar to those expressed last year. This year, 28 percent believe their community has changed for the better, compared to 26 percent last year. And, in 2005, only 20 percent think their community has changed for the worse, compared to 22 percent last year. The proportion of expected movers who plan to leave the state decreased this year. Last year, 56 percent of the persons planning to move from their community expected to leave the state. That proportion decreased to 47 percent this year. Rural Nebraskans living in or near the largest communities are more likely than persons living in or near the smaller communities to say their community has changed for the better. Thirty-nine percent of persons living in or near communities with populations of 10,000 or more believe their community has changed for the better during the past year, but only 15 percent of persons living in or near communities with less than 500 people share this opinion. The community services and amenities that rural Nebraskans are most dissatisfied with include: entertainment, retail shopping and restaurants. At least one-third of rural Nebraskans express dissatisfaction with these three services. They are most satisfied with parks and recreation, library services, basic medical care services, highways and bridges, and education (K - 12). At least one-half of rural Nebraskans are satisfied with the following items in their community: appearance of residential areas (66%), crime control (61%), maintenance of sidewalks and public areas (57%) and noise (54%). Rural Nebraskans generally have positive views about their community. Sixty percent agree that their community is an ideal place to live and 52 percent say their community has good business leaders. Rural Nebraskans have mixed opinions about the future of their community. Fortyfour percent agree that their community’s future looks bright, but 42 percent disagree with this statement. Fourteen percent have no opinion. Rural Nebraskans living in or near the larger communities are more likely than residents of the smaller communities to think their community’s future looks bright. Fifty-nine percent of persons living in or near communities with populations of 10,000 or more agree with this statement, compared to only 25 percent of residents living in or near communities with less than 500 people. Further, 61 percent of the residents of the smallest communities disagree with this statement, compared to only 28 percent of the residents of the largest communities. Over three-quarters of rural Nebraskans disagree that younger residents of their community tend to stay there after completing high school. Seventy-six percent disagree with this statement, 16 percent have no opinion and eight percent agree that younger residents stay after completing high school. When comparing responses by age, younger persons are more likely than older persons to agree that younger residents stay in their community after high school. Sixteen percent of persons age 19 to 29 agree with this statement, compared to only six percent of persons age 50 to 64. Younger persons are more likely than older persons to be planning to move from their community next year. Fifteen percent of persons between the ages of 19 and 29 are planning to move next year, compared to only two percent of persons age 65 and older. An additional 17 percent of the younger respondents indicate they are uncertain if they plan to move. Most rural Nebraskans own their home. Eighty-four percent of rural Nebraskans own their home. Older persons are more likely than younger persons to own their home. Eighty-eight percent of persons over the age of 50 own their home, compared to only 52 percent of persons age 19 to 29. Housing in rural Nebraska has an average age of 50 years. Twenty-four percent of residences were built before 1930. Another 24 percent were built between 1930 and 1959. Twenty-nine percent were built between 1960 and 1979 and the remaining 24 percent were built in 1980 or later. The housing stock in smaller communities is older than the housing located in larger communities. Over one-third (35%) of the residences in communities with less than 1,000 people were built before 1930. Only 12 percent of the homes in communities with populations of 10,000 or more were built in this time period. Most rural Nebraskans appear satisfied with their home. Only 24 percent say the current size of their home does not meet their needs. The same proportion (24%) say their home is in need of major repairs. Thirty-eight percent agree that their home needs a lot of routine maintenance, but 87 percent like the location (neighborhood) of their home. One-third of rural Nebraskans living in or near the smallest communities say their home is in need of major repairs. Only 19 percent of persons living in or near communities with populations of 5,000 or more are facing this problem. Home ownership is very important to most rural Nebraskans. Eighty-two percent believe it is very important to own their home. An additional 12 percent say it is somewhat important and six percent say it is not at all important. However, persons who do not currently own their home do not feel it is important for them to do so. Only 32 percent of renters say it is very important to own their home, compared to 91 percent of home owners. And, 35 percent of renters say it is not at all important to own their home.

Rural Nebraska: Looking Back at a Decade of Change and Progress: 2005 Nebraska Rural Poll Results

To commemorate the 10th anniversary of the Nebraska Rural Poll, rural Nebraskans were asked about changes they may have experienced during the past ten years. Where have they lived during the past decade? In what types of business activities have they been involved? Have they received any education or training during that time period? What has been their experience with the Internet? This report details 2,851 responses to the 2005 Nebraska Rural Poll, the tenth annual effort to understand rural Nebraskans’ perceptions. Respondents were asked a series of questions about changes they have experienced during the past ten years. For all questions, comparisons are made among different respondent subgroups, that is, comparisons by age, occupation, region, etc. Based on these analyses, some key findings emerged: One quarter of rural Nebraskans have lived somewhere other than their current community during the past ten years. Of those who have lived elsewhere, they have moved their primary residence an average of 2.2 times. Younger rural Nebraskans are more likely than older residents to have lived elsewhere during the past decade. Sixty-six percent of persons between the ages of 19 and 29 have lived in a different location, compared to only 12 percent of persons age 65 and older. Many rural Nebraskans who have lived in a different community during the past ten years have lived in another state. Forty-one percent of persons who have lived elsewhere during the past decade have lived in a different state. Forty-five percent have lived in a larger community (18% have lived in either Omaha or Lincoln and 27% have lived in or near a Nebraska community larger than their current one - other than Lincoln or Omaha). Thirty-six percent have lived in or near a Nebraska community smaller than their current one. Twenty percent of rural Nebraskans currently own a business. Thirteen percent started operating a business during the past ten years, 10 percent closed or stopped operating a business during this time period and four percent tried unsuccessfully to start a business. Persons living in or near the smallest communities are more likely than persons living in or near larger communities to currently own a business. Twenty-nine percent of persons living in or near communities with less than 500 people currently own a business, compared to 15 percent of persons living in or near communities with at least 10,000 persons. In general, rural Nebraskans have favorable opinions about self-employment but they also recognize the hardships and risks involved with this type of employment. Sixtyone percent agree that self-employment is desirable because they can be their own boss. Forty-four percent agree that self-employment provides a better quality of life than being an employee. However, 74 percent agree that self-employed individuals work longer hours than traditional employees and 70 percent agree that the cost of health insurance makes self-employment unappealing. Younger persons are more likely than older persons to agree that the cost of health insurance makes self-employment unappealing. Eighty percent of persons age 19 to 29 agree with that statement, compared to 55 percent of persons age 65 and older. One-half of rural Nebraskans have participated in formal education courses, workshops or other training activities during the past ten years. Sixty-nine percent of rural Nebraskans have Internet access either at home or at work. Sixty-six percent have acquired Internet access either at home or at work during the past ten years. An additional three percent had acquired access more than ten years ago. Persons with higher levels of income are more likely than persons with lower incomes to have acquired Internet access. Sixty-six percent of persons with household incomes of $60,000 or more have acquired Internet access at both home and work during the past ten years, compared to only 11 percent of persons with household incomes less than $20,000. Information searches and email are the most important reasons for having an Internet connection. Eighty-nine percent of rural Nebraskans with access to the Internet at either home or work say that information searches are an important or very important reason for having an Internet connection. Eighty-three percent say email is an important reason. In general, rural Nebraskans say their satisfaction with various features of their Internet connection has increased during the past ten years. Fifty-five percent of rural Nebraskans with an Internet connection at home say their satisfaction with the availability of service has increased during the past ten years and 50 percent report an increase in their satisfaction with the speed of their connection. Persons living in or near the larger communities are more likely than persons living in or near the smaller communities to say their satisfaction with the speed of their Internet connection has increased during the past ten years. Fifty-four percent of persons living in or near communities with populations of 5,000 or more say their satisfaction with the speed of their connection has increased over the past decade, compared to 43 percent of persons living in or near communities with less than 1,000 people.

Percepção de situações de risco ambiental na área rural de São José do Rio Pardo/SP

Pós-graduação em Geografia - IGCE

Improvement of Older Women's Sexuality Through Emancipatory Education

The purpose of this action research (AR) was to explore the ways in which sexuality is experienced daily and to improve the expression of older women's sexuality. The pedagogy of autonomy as proposed by the Brazilian educator Paulo Freire theoretically supported this AR, with the participation of six older adult women living in a rural setting in southwest Brazil. The older women's experiences regarding sexuality, their concerns, and their educational demands could be summarized through five phrases: the improvement of self-esteem as a way to promote sexuality; sexuality impaired by loneliness and lack of affection; men's sexual satisfaction seen as a woman's obligation; women's sexuality controlled by the society; and relinquishment of the companion to attend to the expectations of family members. Dialogical and participative educational approaches and continuous observation-participation strategies were performed to support the women's care and educational requirements.