O gênero Nectandra Rol. ex Rottb. (Lauraceae) no Estado do Paraná, Brasil

Nectandra Rol. ex Rottb. has 14 species in Paraná: Nectandra angustifolia (Schrader) Nees & Mart., N. cissiflora Nees, N. cuspidata Nees & Mart., N. grandiflora Nees & Mart., N. hihua (Ruiz & Pav.) Rohwer, N. lanceolata Nees & Mart., N. leucantha Nees & Mart., N. megapotamica (Sprengel) Mez, N. membranacea (Sw.) Griseb., N. nitidula Nees & Mart., N. oppositifolia Nees & Mart., N. paranaensis Coe-Teixeira, N. puberula (Schott) Nees and N. reticulata (Ruiz & Pav.) Mez. We present an identification key and species descriptions, as well as illustrations and data on phenology and geographic distribution. N. hihua is cited for the first time in Paraná State.

Números cromossômicos em espécies de Acosmium Schott e Leptolobium Vogel (Leguminosae, Papilionoideae)

A cytotaxonomic analysis of species of Acosmium Schott e Leptolobium Vogel was carried out, by determining their chromosome numbers. The three species of Acosmium and five species of Leptolobium (representing 50% of the genus) were studied from seeds obtained from different regions of Brazil. Chromosome counts were new for all Acosmium species and for four Leptolobium species. For Acosmium cardenasii, 2n = 18 was constantly observed, while occurring at the same meristem were found 2n = 18, 24 e 32 in A. diffusissimum and 2n = 18 e 32 in A. lentiscifolium. For Leptolobium, all studied species had 2n = 18, confirming a previous count for L. dasycarpum. The results showed that chromosome numbers of Acosmium and Leptolobium species are homogeneous, confirming the basic number x = 9 for both genera. Therefore, chromosome numbers do not provide a useful taxonomic character distinguishing Acosmium from Leptolobium.

Taxonomia do gênero Euploca Nutt. (Heliotropiaceae) no Brasil

This work deals with a taxonomic study of the genus Euploca (Heliotropiaceae) in Brazil; seventeen species are recorded. A keyfor identification, descriptions, illustrations and comments, besides distribution, habitat, flowering and fruiting data for the species are presented.

Revisão taxonômica de Leptolobium (Papilionoideae, Leguminosae)

This revision of Leptolobium Vogel includes an identification key, descriptions, illustrations, and distribution maps for the taxa. Leptolobium comprises 12 species, and is characterized by its arboreal or shrubby habit, flowers with white, actinomorphic or slightly zygomorphic corollas, 10 free stamens, a stipitate ovary with many ovules, indehiscent (samara-like or nut-like) fruits, compressed seeds, and a bulbose hypocotyl-radicle axis. Leptolobium is a neotropical genus that occurs from Mexico to northern Argentina. Eleven species are found in Brazil, seven of which are endemic to the country. The lectotype of Sweetia glazioviana Harms is designated in this paper. In addition, information about uses, common names, geographical distribution, and habitats are provided.

Revisão taxonômica de Lonchocarpus s. str. (Leguminosae, Papilionoideae) do Brasil

A revision of the Brazilian species of Lonchocarpus s. str. is presented. This study is based on field observation and an analysis of approximately 1,200 herbarium collections. Nine species are recognized, L. cultratus, L. hedyosmus, L. latifolius, L. macrocarpus, L. nitidus, L. pluvialis, L. sericeus, L. spiciflorus, and L. violaceus, which grow in forests and are usually associated with river banks. Lonchocarpus sericeus and L. cultratus have a wide distribution throughout Brazil, whereas L. hedyosmus, L. macrocarpus, L. spiciflorus, and L. latifolius are restricted to the Amazonian domain. Lonchocarpus pluvialis occurs in the Central-West (Mato Grosso do Sul and Goiás) and Southeast (São Paulo) regions. Lonchocarpus violaceus is found in the states of Bahia and Espírito Santo, and is reported for the first time for Brazil. Identification keys, descriptions, and illustrations, in addition to information about habitat, geographic distribution and taxonomic and nomenclatural comments, are provided for the species. Four new synonyms and five lectotypifications are proposed.

Desenvolvimento humano, lazer e educação fisica escolar : o papel do componente ludico da cultura

Universidade Estadual de Campinas. Faculdade de Educação Física

Molecular systematics of Thorea (Rhodophyta, Thoreales) species in Brazil

This study aimed to evaluate species level taxonomy and phylogenetic relationship among Thorea species in Brazil and other regions of the world using two molecular markers - RUBISCO large subunit plastid gene (rbcL) and nuclear small-subunit ribosomal DNA (SSU rDNA). Three samples of Thorea from Brazil (states of Mato Grosso do Sul and São Paulo) and one sample from Dominican Republic (DR) were sequenced. Analyses based on partial sequences of rbcL (1,282 bp) and complete sequences of SSU (1,752 bp) were essentially congruent and revealed that Thoreales formed a distinct monophyletic clade, which had two major branches with high support, representing the genera Thorea and Nemalionopsis. Thorea clade had four main branches with high support for all analyses, each one representing the species: 1) T. gaudichaudii C. Agardh from Asia (Japan and Philippines) - this clade occurred only in the rbcL analyses; 2) T. violacea Bory from Asia (Japan) and North America (U.S.A. and DR); 3) T. hispida (Thore) Desvaux from Europe (England) and Asia (Japan); 4) a distinct group with the three Brazilian samples (sequence identity: rbcL 97.2%, 1,246 bp; SSU 96.0-98.1%, 1,699-1,720 bp). The Brazilian samples clearly formed a monophyletic clade based on both molecular markers and was interpreted as a separate species, for which we resurrected the name T. bachmannii Pujals. Morphological and molecular evidences indicate that the Thoreales is well-resolved at ordinal and generic levels. In contrast, Thorea species recognized by molecular data require additional characters (e.g. reproductive and chromosome numbers) to allow consistent and reliable taxonomic circumscription aiming at a world revision based on molecular and morphological evidences.

Nectandra Rol. ex Rottb. (Lauraceae) no Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil

O trabalho apresenta o estudo taxonômico das espécies do gênero Nectandra no Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil. Baseados na análise morfológica dos espécimes coletados em diferentes regiões do Estado são confirmados oito espécies de Nectandra: N. amazonum Nees, N. cissiflora Nees, N. cuspidata Nees, N. falcifolia (Nees) J.A. Castigl. ex Mart. Crov. & Piccinini, N. gardneri Meisn., N. hihua (Ruiz & Pav.) Rohwer, N. megapotamica (Spreng.) Mez e N. psammophila Nees. É fornecida uma chave de identificação para as espécies e apresentados descrições morfológicas, dados de distribuição geográfica, habitat, aspectos fenológicos, comentários taxonômicos e ilustrações para cada espécie.

Review of the Brazilian Atlantic Rainforest harvestman Longiperna (Opiliones: Gonyleptidae: Mitobatinae)

Longiperna Roewer, 1929 is revised and new records of distribution are presented for the Brazilian Costal Atlantic Rain Forest (from Rio de Janeiro to Santa Catarina states). The following new synonymies are established: Longiperna concolor (Mello-Leitão, 1923) = L. zonata Mello-Leitão, 1935 and L. heliaca B. Soares, 1942; Longiperna coxalis (Roewer, 1943) = L. areolata B. Soares, 1944; Longiperna insperata (Soares & Soares, 1947) = L. paranensis Soares & Soares, 1947 and L. curitibana Kury, 2003. Two new species are described: Longiperna kuryi sp. nov. (type-locality: Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, Parati); Longiperna trembao sp. nov. (type-locality: Brazil, Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte).

A new species of the genus Pimelerodius Vanin from the Amazon Region, with notes on the geografic distribution of Pimelerodius motacilla (Boheman) (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Otidocephalini)

Pimelerodius punctiventris sp. nov. (type locality Brazil, Amazonas, Itacoatiara) is described and illustrated. The new taxon is compared with similar species, being distinguished from the other 12 known species of the genus by the presence of punctures in ventrite I. The available published key for identification of species of Pimelerodius is adapted to include the new species. A modification of the generic description of the aedeagus of Pimelerodius is provided, a necessity due to the differences observed in the aedeagus of the new species. The occurrence of P. motacilla (Boheman, 1843) in the Amazon Region, recorded in sympatry with P. punctiventris in Itacoatiara, AM, is discussed and confirmed, based on the study of 41 available specimens.

An unusual, dwarf new species of Neotropical freshwater stingray, Plesiotrygon nana sp. nov., from the upper and mid Amazon basin: the second species of Plesiotrygon (Chondrichthyes: Potamotrygonidae)

A new species of the relatively poorly known Neotropical freshwater stingray genus Plesiotrygon Rosa, Castello & Thorson, 1987 is described from the main channel and smaller tributaries (Ríos Itaya and Pachitea) of the upper Amazon basin in Peru. The first specimen to be collected, however, was from much farther east in Rio Solimões in 1996, just down-river from Rio Purus (specimen unavailable for this study). Plesiotrygon nana sp. nov., is a very distinctive and unusually small species of freshwater stingray (Potamotrygonidae), described here mostly from three specimens representing different size classes and stages of sexual maturity. Plesiotrygon nana sp. nov., is distinguished from its only congener, P. iwamae Rosa, Castello & Thorson, 1987, by numerous unique features, including: dorsal coloration composed of very fine rosettes or a combination of spots and irregular ocelli; very circular disc and snout; very small and less rhomboidal spiracles; short snout and anterior disc region; narrow mouth and nostrils; denticles on dorsal tail small, scattered, not forming row of enlarged spines; adult and preadult specimens with significantly fewer tooth rows; fewer caudal vertebrae; higher total pectoral radials; very small size, probably not surpassing 250 mm disc length or width, males maturing sexually at around 180 mm disc length and 175 mm disc width; distal coloration of tail posterior to caudal stings usually dark purplish-brown; and features of the ventral lateral-line canals (hyomandibular canal very narrow, infraorbital and supraorbital canals not undulated, supraorbital and infraorbital loops small and narrow, supraorbital loop very short, not extending posteriorly to level of mouth, jugular and posterior infraorbital canals short, not extending caudally to first gill slits, subpleural loop very narrow posteriorly; absence of anterior and posterior subpleural tubules). To provide a foundation for the description of P. nana sp. nov., morphological variation in P. iwamae was examined based on all type specimens as well as newly collected and previously unreported material. Two specimens topotypic with the male paratype of P. nana sp. nov., referred to here as Plesiotrygon cf. iwamae, are also reported. Relationships of the new species to P. iwamae are discussed; further characters indicative of Plesiotrygon monophyly are proposed, but the genus may still not be valid. Plesiotrygon nana sp. nov., is commercialized with some regularity in the international aquarium trade from Iquitos (Peru), an alarming circumstance because nothing is known of its biology or conservation requirements.

A new species of Neotropical freshwater stingray of the genus Potamotrygon Garman, 1877 from the Río Madrede Díos, Peru (Chondrichthyes: Potamotrygonidae)

Potamotrygon tatianae sp. nov., is described from Río Madre de Díos, Peru, upper Rio Madeira basin. The new species is distinguished from all congeners by a unique combination of characters, including its dorsal color pattern formed by a relatively slender, highly convoluted, beige to dark brown vermicular pattern, a single row of dorsal tail spines, and a relatively longer tail posterior to caudal stings. Potamotrygon tatianae sp. nov., occurs sympatrically with other species of Potamotrygon (P. falkneri, P. orbignyi and P. motoro). From the similar species P. falkneri, P. tatianae sp. nov., is further distinguished by the absence of circular, reniform, and oval spots, by its proportionally much longer tail, by having dorsal tail spines in one irregular row, and by features of the ventral lateral-line canal, dermal denticles and neurocranium. From P. orbignyi, the new species is distinct by lacking a reticulate pattern on dorsal disc and by the presence of two angular cartilages. From P. motoro, P. tatianae sp. nov., is further separated by the lack of ocelli formed by strong black concentric rings, by the more flattened aspect of its head and disc, and by having smaller and more numerous teeth. The discovery of a new species that so closely resembles a congeneric form in color pattern, a feature highly variable within the latter, highlights the importance of examining large series of individuals and of detailed morphological analyses in revealing the potentially highly cryptic nature of the diversity within the family.

A systematic review of diapoma (teleostei: characiformes: characidae: stevardiinae: diapomini) with descriptions of two new species from southern Brazil

Diapoma is reviewed and four species are recognized: (1) Diapoma thauma, new species, from streams of the rio Jacuí basin, state of Rio Grande do Sul; (2) D. pyrrhopteryx, new species collected from the rio Canoas and streams flowing into this basin in the states of Rio Grande do Sul and Santa Catarina, Brazil; (3) Diapoma terofali, from streams flowing into rio Uruguay in Uruguay and Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil and streams flowing into rio de la Plata, Argentina; and (4) Diapoma speculiferum, from lowland coastal streams in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil and Uruguay. Diapoma pyrrhopteryx possess the posteroventral opercular elongation typical of D. speculiferum, type species of the genus, but which is absent in D. thauma and D. terofali. Nonetheless, all the diapomin species have the caudal pouch organ about equally developed in both sexes and the dorsal portion of the pouch opening bordered by a series of 3 to 8 elongated scales, the two derived features that characterize the group. The two previously described species, D. speculiferum and D. terofali, are redescribed. Previous hypotheses of relationships among the diapomin genera Planaltina, Diapoma and Acrobrycon are discussed on the basis of preliminary morphological information. It is proposed that the Diapomini is a monophyletic group. An identification key, information on sexual dimorphism, gonad anatomy, reproductive mode and distribution of the species of Diapoma are provided.

Trichomycterus dali: a new highly troglomorphic catfish (Silurifomes: Trichomycteridae) from Serra da Bodoquena, Mato Grosso do Sul State, Central Brazil

Trichomycterus dali, new species, is described from flooded limestone caves in Serra da Bodoquena karst area, State of Mato Grosso do Sul, Central Brazil. The new species is diagnosed by a unique character in the genus, the presence of conspicuous, ridge-like adipose folds lining dorsally throughout the body. Trichomycterus dali can be further distinguished readily from epigean congeners by the reduction of eyes and skin pigmentation (except for T. gorgona), and from remaining congeners (i.e., all hypogean plus T. gorgona) by the total loss of eyes, not visible externally (except for T. sandovali and T. spelaeus). Other diagnostic features includes very long barbels, especially the nasal (99.3-143.5% HL) and the maxillary (97.0-131.3% HL), pectoral-fin ray count reaching I,9 and a unique cranial fontanel with a conspicuous constriction on the meeting point of supraoccipital and the two frontal bones. The troglobitic status of the species is suggested by the presence of troglomorphisms on an advanced degree, especially the reduction of skin pigmentation, the total loss of eyes and the enlarged barbels. In addition, the presence of a well developed adipose fold in adults may indicate a distinctive adaptation acquired by neoteny to withstand the food scarce conditions of its hypogean habitat.

A new species of Pimelodus La Cépède, 1803 (Siluriformes: Pimelodidae) from rio Ribeira de Iguape basin, Brazil

Pimelodus multicratifer, a new species, is described from the rio Ribeira de Iguape basin. The new species differs from the other Pimelodus species by the following features: 26 to 30 gill rakers on the first branchial arch; a combination of three to six rows of dark spots regularly or irregularly scattered on the flanks and several small dark spots irregularly scattered on the dorsal surface of head, supraoccipital process, and sometimes on the dorsal and caudal fins; striated lips; maxillary barbels reaching between posterior tip of the pelvic-fin rays and posterior tip of the middle caudal-fin rays.