Evolutionary history of the recruitment of conserved developmental genes in association to the formation and diversification of a novel trait

The origin and modification of novel traits are important aspects of biological diversification. Studies combining concepts and approaches of developmental genetics and evolutionary biology have uncovered many examples of the recruitment, or co-option, of genes conserved across lineages for the formation of novel, lineage-restricted traits. However, little is known about the evolutionary history of the recruitment of those genes, and of the relationship between them -for example, whether the co-option involves whole or parts of existing networks, or whether it occurs by redeployment of individual genes with de novo rewiring. We use a model novel trait, color pattern elements on butterfly wings called eyespots, to explore these questions. Eyespots have greatly diversified under natural and sexual selection, and their formation involves genetic circuitries shared across insects.

Strengthening support & recruitment of women & minorities to positions in education administration : a resource manual.

"December 1992"--T.p. verso.

Minority recruitment and retention in ARL libraries /

"September 1990."

The Agricultural Recruitment System : an employer's guide to hiring temporary agricultural workers.

Shipping list no.: 92-608-P.

Marketing resource guide for recruitment and retention of providers in the early and periodic screening, diagnosis, and treatment program (EPSDT).

"August 1982"--P. [4] of cover.

The DOD Recruitment Program for Persons with Targeted Disabilities : we've put the disability behind us.

Shipping list no : 92-211-P.

DCEO, Department of Commerce & Economic Opportunity, recruitment information /

"1/11"--Colophon.

Illinois DCEO recruitment information /

Cover title.

Illinois DCEO recruitment information /

"8/09"--Colophon.

Recruitment and retention of talented college students.

Mode of access: Internet.

Federal uniformed police : selected data on pay, recruitment, and retention at 13 police forces in the Washington, D.C., Metropolitan Area : report to Congressional requesters /

"GAO/03-658."

Clinical staffing recruitment and retention program : hearing before the Select Committee on Indian Affairs, United States Senate, One hundredth Congress, first session on S. 1475 ...

"August 25, 1987, Billings, MT"--Pt. 2.

Federal pay : special rates : effect on recruitment and retention for selected clerical occupations : report to designated congressional committees /

"B-236949"--p. 1.

Managing federal recruitment : issues, insights, and illustrations : a report to the President and the Congress of the United States /

Includes bibliographical references.

Evidence of altered lumbopelvic muscle recruitment in the presence of sacroiliac joint pain

Study Design. Cross-sectional study of electromyographic onsets of trunk and hip muscles in subjects with a clinical diagnosis of sacroiliac joint pain and matched control subjects. Objectives. To determine whether muscle activation of the supporting leg was different between control subjects and subjects with sacroiliac joint pain during hip flexion in standing. Background. Activation of the trunk and gluteal muscles stabilize the pelvis for load transference; however, the temporal pattern of muscle activation and the effect of pelvic pain on temporal parameters has not been investigated. Methods. Fourteen men with a clinical diagnosis of sacroiliac joint pain and healthy age-matched control subjects were studied. Surface electromyographic activity was recorded from seven trunk and hip muscles of the supporting leg during hip flexion in standing. Onset of muscle activity relative to initiation of the task was compared between groups and between limbs. Results. The onset of obliquus internus abdominis (OI) and multifidus occurred before initiation of weight transfer in the control subjects. the onset of obliquus internus abdominis, multifidus, and gluteus maximus was delayed on the symptomatic side in subjects with sacroiliac joint pain compared with control subjects, and the onset of biceps femoris electromyographic activity was earlier. IN addition, electromyographic onsets were different between the symptomatic and asymptomatic sides in subjects with sacroiliac joint pain. Conclusions. The delayed onset of obliquus internus abdominis, multifidus, and gluteus maximus electromyographic activity of the supporting leg during hip flexion, in subjects with sacroiliac joint pain. suggests an alteration in the strategy for lumbopelvic stabilization that may disrupt load transference through the pelvis.