Oceanic control of multidecadal variability in an idealized coupled GCM

Idealized ocean models are known to develop intrinsic multidecadal oscillations of the meridional overturning circulation (MOC). Here we explore the role of ocean–atmosphere interactions on this low-frequency variability. We use a coupled ocean–atmosphere model set up in a flat-bottom aquaplanet geometry with two meridional boundaries. The model is run at three different horizontal resolutions (4°, 2° and 1°) in both the ocean and atmosphere. At all resolutions, the MOC exhibits spontaneous variability on multidecadal timescales in the range 30–40 years, associated with the propagation of large-scale baroclinic Rossby waves across the Atlantic-like basin. The unstable region of growth of these waves through the long wave limit of baroclinic instability shifts from the eastern boundary at coarse resolution to the western boundary at higher resolution. Increasing the horizontal resolution enhances both intrinsic atmospheric variability and ocean–atmosphere interactions. In particular, the simulated atmospheric annular mode becomes significantly correlated to the MOC variability at 1° resolution. An ocean-only simulation conducted for this specific case underscores the disruptive but not essential influence of air–sea interactions on the low-frequency variability. This study demonstrates that an atmospheric annular mode leading MOC changes by about 2 years (as found at 1° resolution) does not imply that the low-frequency variability originates from air–sea interactions.

Using Causal Models for the Calculation of Direct and Indirect Effects: An Example From Occupational Health

International audience

Prevalence of thoracic spine pain in a surveillance network

International audience

Lateral epicondylitis: New evidence for work relatedness.

International audience

An epidemiological surveillance network of lumbar disc surgery to help prevention of and compensation for low back pain

International audience

Lateral epicondylitis and physical exposure at work? A review of prospective studies and meta-analysis

International audience

Microstructural-based approach to the interpretation of clays and transitional soils behaviour

Tese (doutorado)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Tecnologia, Departamento de Engenharia Civil e Ambiental, 2016.

Cognitive processing in non-communicative patients:what can event-related potentials tell us?

Event-related potentials (ERP) have been proposed to improve the differential diagnosis of non-responsive patients. We investigated the potential of the P300 as a reliable marker of conscious processing in patients with locked-in syndrome (LIS). Eleven chronic LIS patients and 10 healthy subjects (HS) listened to a complex-tone auditory oddball paradigm, first in a passive condition (listen to the sounds) and then in an active condition (counting the deviant tones). Seven out of nine HS displayed a P300 waveform in the passive condition and all in the active condition. HS showed statistically significant changes in peak and area amplitude between conditions. Three out of seven LIS patients showed the P3 waveform in the passive condition and five of seven in the active condition. No changes in peak amplitude and only a significant difference at one electrode in area amplitude were observed in this group between conditions. We conclude that, in spite of keeping full consciousness and intact or nearly intact cortical functions, compared to HS, LIS patients present less reliable results when testing with ERP, specifically in the passive condition. We thus strongly recommend applying ERP paradigms in an active condition when evaluating consciousness in non-responsive patients.

Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium Exploits Inflammation to Modify Swine Intestinal Microbiota

Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium is an important zoonotic gastrointestinal pathogen responsible for foodborne disease worldwide. It is a successful enteric pathogen because it has developed virulence strategies allowing it to survive in a highly inflamed intestinal environment exploiting inflammation to overcome colonization resistance provided by intestinal microbiota. In this study, we used piglets featuring an intact microbiota, which naturally develop gastroenteritis, as model for salmonellosis. We compared the effects on the intestinal microbiota induced by a wild type and an attenuated S. Typhimurium in order to evaluate whether the modifications are correlated with the virulence of the strain. This study showed that Salmonella alters microbiota in a virulence-dependent manner. We found that the wild type S. Typhimurium induced inflammation and a reduction of specific protecting microbiota species (SCFA-producing bacteria) normally involved in providing a barrier against pathogens. Both these effects could contribute to impair colonization resistance, increasing the host susceptibility to wild type S. Typhimurium colonization. In contrast, the attenuated S. Typhimurium, which is characterized by a reduced ability to colonize the intestine, and by a very mild inflammatory response, was unable to successfully sustain competition with the microbiota.

Portfolio of compositions with commentaries 2012-2015

This writing forms part of a portfolio of works which gathers together notations and recordings made between 2012 and 2015. The writing divides into four chapters. The first chapter undertakes an examination of abstraction. From the proposition obtained therein, that it is possible to extend within abstraction beyond a correspondence between its terms and concrete manifestations, I ask in what way abstraction may be considered to function therefrom. The second chapter performs an analysis of radical music notations from the nineteenth, twentieth, and twenty-first centuries. The central analysis identifies what is essentially an evolution of what I call ''figuration'' throughout three non-chronological phases of Christian Wolff's notations. The chapter closes by questioning what form of understanding might yet be pursued in respect of this work given (a) its nature, and (b) the nature of our inquiry. The third chapter reflects on some of the philosophical problematics raised in the preceding chapters, at the same time as it prepares for those that follow in the final chapter. The final chapter is a record of the development of my thought appertaining to my compositional work. It sets out two case studies (prepared piano and postcard notations) before proceeding to a selected set of commentaries. Finally, the notion of the functioning of written and acoustical ''marks'' developed in the preceding commentaries is generalised as I develop an aesthetics of scriptural experience.

Amélioration de la représentation des processus stochastiques pour l'optimisation appliquée à la gestion des systèmes hydriques

Dans un contexte de pression toujours plus grande sur les ressources naturelles, une gestion rationnelle des ressources hydriques s'impose. La principale difficulté de leur gestion provient du caractère aléatoire des apports en eau dans le système. Le sujet de cette recherche consiste à développer des méthodes d'optimisation stochastique capable de bien représenter les processus aléatoires. Le cas de Kemano, située en Colombie-Britannique (Canada), illustre les travaux de recherche. L'importante accumulation de neige sur les bassins versants engendre une hydrologie complexe, rendant la gestion du système délicate. La programmation dynamique stochastique est la méthode la plus utilisée pour déterminer la politique de gestion des réservoirs. Mais, son étude fait ressortir que cette méthode ne peut gérer que des modèles simplifiés des processus stochastiques, ne rendant pas compte des complexes corrélations spatio-temporelles des apports hydriques. Ainsi, la politique obtenue peut être de mauvaise qualité. Cette méthode est comparée avec la recherche directe de politique qui n'utilise pas de modèles pour représenter les processus stochastiques, mais évalue la politique sur des scénarios d'apports. Ainsi la recherche directe de politique se révèle globalement plus performante en prenant bien en considération la complexité des apports, mais est limitée par la forme prédéterminée de la politique. De plus, l'optimisation des paramètres en utilisant un algorithme évolutionnaire s'avère lente. La conception d'un algorithme de descente par gradient, combinée à une architecture "acteur-critique" appropriée, permet de réduire notablement le temps d'optimisation. Combinée à une fonction plus complexe employée pour la paramétrisation de la politique de gestion, la méthode permet d'obtenir une politique de qualité significativement supérieure à celle obtenue avec la programmation dynamique stochastique. Les travaux effectués dans le cadre de cette thèse ouvrent la voie à une application opérationnelle de la méthode de recherche directe de politique. L'évaluation en simulation devrait être appréciée des opérateurs en permettant une bonne représentation du système et des apports.