Experimental enquiry concerning the natural powers of wind and water to turn mills and other machines depending on a circular motion. And An experimental examination of the quantity and proportion of mechanic power necessary to be employed in giving different degrees of velocity to heavy bodies from a state of rest. Also New fundamental experiments upon the collision of bodies. With five plates of machines.

Goldsmiths'-Kress no. 16657.1.

Mrs. Lincoln's Boston cook book. What to do and what not to do in cooking.

Mode of access: Internet.

Quantity and quality of streamflow in the White River basin, Colorado and Utah /

Bibliography: p. 73.

Plan reading and quantity surveying,

"Suggested reading": p. 184-185.

Quantity-quality simulation (QQS) : a detailed continuous planning model for urban runoff control /

Mode of access: Internet.

Using quantity/intensity relationships to assess the potential for ammonium leaching in a Vertosol

High concentrations of ammonium (up to 0.1 cmol/kg) have been observed below 1 m depth in a Vertosol soil near Warra in south-eastern Queensland. This study examined whether ammonium leaching could be responsible for the ammonium accumulation observed in the Warra soil. This was done by using quantity/intensity (Q/I) relationships to compare the ammonium retention capacity of the Warra soil with other similar soils throughout the region that did not contain elevated subsoil ammonium concentrations. Analysis of Q/I curves revealed that in the concentration range studied, the amount of ammonium retained on high affinity adsorption sites in all 3 soils was low, and the Warra soil was not significantly different from the other 2 soils. The ability of the soils to retain ammonium in the soil solution against leaching [i.e. their potential buffer capacity (PBC)] did differ between soils and was greatest at Warra. This indicates that at any one time the Warra soil holds more ammonium on the exchange complex and less in solution than the other soils examined. It was concluded that ammonium is no more likely to leach through the surface horizons of the Warra soil than the other soils examined. Indeed, the data indicated that the Warra soil probably has greater capacity to retain ammonium against leaching due to its greater PBC. Consequently, it is considered unlikely that leaching of ammonium has been a major contributor to the subsoil ammonium concentrations at Warra.

Wheat grain cooking process as investigated by modulated temperature differential scanning calorimetry

The thermal properties of soft and hard wheat grains, cooked in a steam pressure cooker, as a function of cooking temperature and time were investigated by modulated temperature differential scanning calorimetry (MTDSC). Four cooking temperatures (110, 120, 130 and 140 degrees C) and six cooking times (20, 40, 60, 80, 100 and 120 min) for each temperature were studied. It was found that typical non-reversible heat flow thermograms of cooked and uncooked wheat grains consisted of two endothermic baseline shifts localised around 40-50 degrees C and then 60-70 degrees C. The second peaks of non-reversible heat flow thermograms (60-70 degrees C) were associated with starch gelatinisation. The degree of gelatinisation was quantified based on these peaks. In this study, starch was completely gelatinised within 60-80 min for cooking temperatures at 110-120 degrees C and within 20 min for cooking temperatures at 130-140 degrees C. MTDSC detected reversible endothermic baseline shifts in most samples, localised broadly around 48-67 degrees C with changes in heat capacity ranging from 0.02 to 0.06 J/g per degrees C. These reversible endothermic baseline shifts are related to the glass transition, which occurs during starch gelatinisation. Data on the specific heat capacity of the cooked wheat samples are provided. (C) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Diversity of pigmentation in cultured human melanocytes is due to differences in the type as well as quantity of melanin

Cultured human melanocytes differ tremendously in visual pigmentation, and recapitulate the pigmentary phenotype of the donor's skin. This diversity arises from variation in type as well as quantity of melanin produced. Here, we measured contents of eumelanin (EM) and pheomelanin (PM) in 60 primary human melanocyte cultures (51 neonatal and nine adults), and correlated some of these values with the respective activity and protein levels of tyrosinase, and the melanocortin-1 receptor (MC1R) genotype. Melanocytes were classified into four phenotypes (L, L+, D, D+) as depicted by visual pigmentation using light microscopy, and by the pigmentary phenotype of the donor's skin. There were large differences in total melanin (TM) and EM, which increased progressively for L, L+, D and D+ melanocytes. TM content, the sum of EM and PM, showed a good correlation with TM measured spectrophotometrically, and with the activity and protein levels of tyrosinase. Log EM/PM ratio did not correlate with MC1R genotype. We conclude that: (i) EM consistently correlates with the visual phenotype; (ii) lighter melanocytes tend to be more pheomelanic in composition than darker melanocytes; (iii) in adult melanocyte cultures, EM correlates with the ethnic background of the donors (African-American > Indian > Caucasian); and (iv) MC1R loss-of-function mutations do not necessarily alter the phenotype of cultured melanocytes.

The analysis and prediction of the quantity and composition of household refuse

This thesis describes the development of a simple and accurate method for estimating the quantity and composition of household waste arisings. The method is based on the fundamental tenet that waste arisings can be predicted from information on the demographic and socio-economic characteristics of households, thus reducing the need for the direct measurement of waste arisings to that necessary for the calibration of a prediction model. The aim of the research is twofold: firstly to investigate the generation of waste arisings at the household level, and secondly to devise a method for supplying information on waste arisings to meet the needs of waste collection and disposal authorities, policy makers at both national and European level and the manufacturers of plant and equipment for waste sorting and treatment. The research was carried out in three phases: theoretical, empirical and analytical. In the theoretical phase specific testable hypotheses were formulated concerning the process of waste generation at the household level. The empirical phase of the research involved an initial questionnaire survey of 1277 households to obtain data on their socio-economic characteristics, and the subsequent sorting of waste arisings from each of the households surveyed. The analytical phase was divided between (a) the testing of the research hypotheses by matching each household's waste against its demographic/socioeconomic characteristics (b) the development of statistical models capable of predicting the waste arisings from an individual household and (c) the development of a practical method for obtaining area-based estimates of waste arisings using readily available data from the national census. The latter method was found to represent a substantial improvement over conventional methods of waste estimation in terms of both accuracy and spatial flexibility. The research therefore represents a substantial contribution both to scientific knowledge of the process of household waste generation, and to the practical management of waste arisings.