Comments on "micro-scale abrasive wear testing of PVD coatings on curved substrates"

Previously published expressions for the wear volume in the micro-scale abrasion test for curved specimen surfaces (K.L. Rutherford and I.M. Hutchings, Tribology Letters 2 (1996) 1-11) were based upon erroneous assumptions about the wear-scar geometry. Accurate volumes have now been computed, and the errors in the use of the original analytical equations are shown to be negligibly small (<0.5% error) for all practical cases. © J.C. Baltzer AG, Science Publishers.

Humoral and protective response of Indian major carps to immersion vaccination with Aeromonas hydrophila

Fry of the Indian major carps, Catta catla (Ham.), Labeo rohita (Ham.) and Cirrhinus mrigala (Ham.) were immunized at 4 and 8 weeks post hatching (wph) by direct immersion in a suspension (10 super(8) cells ml super(-1))of heat inactivated Aeromonas hydrophila. Following the same procedure, booster dose was administered 20 days after the first immersion. Antibodies as well as protective response produced in both the groups after the first and the booster immersion were different and significant (P<0.05). No significant difference was found between the species in the two age groups. The specimens immunized 8 wph showed higher antibody titres and protection than the 4 wph group. C. catla had higher relative percent survival followed by L. rohita and C. mrigala.