965 resultados para Policy discourse
Resumo:
The idea of “human security” is gaining attention among policy-makers and security analysts. Little scholarly attention has been given to the questions of why states accept (or reject) a human security agenda or how such an agenda is incorporated into policy practices. The article suggests that a human security approach is most likely to be applied when both humanitarian and national interests combine. Yet when states or organisations adopt a human security approach, they often misjudge the complex and long-term commitment required of such an approach. There is also the potential for such an agenda to be manipulated to justify questionable courses of action. These issues frame an analysis of six recent case studies.
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Over the past decade or so, there has been increasing demand for greater clarity about the major causes of disease and injury, how these differentially affect populations, and how they are changing. In part, this demand has been motivated by resource constraints and a realisation that better health is possible with more informed allocation of resources. At the same time, there has been a change in the way population health and its determinants are quantified, with a much closer integration of the quantitative population sciences (such as epidemiology, demography and health economics) to strengthen and broaden the evidence base for healthcare policy.
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O principal objetivo deste livro ?? constituir uma fonte de pesquisa para o estudo do processo de produ????o e implementa????o de pol??ticas p??blicas. Por meio de textos selecionados, analisa-se o pr??prio conceito de pol??ticas p??blicas, discute-se as defini????es utilizadas para distinguir suas diversas fases e apresenta-se algumas das principais correntes te??ricas de an??lise sobre o processo de pol??ticas p??blicas.
Resumo:
O presente estudo analisa as relações entre a ‘saúde’ e o ‘social’ na Saúde Pública brasileira, especificamente a partir da noção de ‘determinação social da saúde’, focando-a em dois momentos importantes: a década de 70, quando ocorre a construção dessa noção a partir da corrente médico-social latino-americana, e a retomada dessa discussão no século XXI sobre a chancela de ‘determinantes sociais da saúde’. Possuiu como objetivos: Caracterizar a noção de ‘determinação social’ a partir do positivismo nas ciências sociais; pesquisar a construção da noção de ‘determinação social da saúde’ na Saúde Pública brasileira; descrever perspectivas de análises sobre o campo dos determinantes sociais da saúde a partir da polaridade entre a ‘saúde’ e o ‘social’. Para o alcance dos objetivos, foi realizado um estudo exploratório, através da pesquisa bibliográfica (livros e bases de dados virtuais) e da pesquisa documental. Inicialmente apresentamos os pressupostos teórico-filosóficos sobre os quais a ciência moderna se assentou e que construíram a base da corrente positivista. Após, caracterizamos, em linhas gerais, essa corrente de pensamento, para, finalmente, interpretarmos a noção de ‘determinação social’ a partir de Durkheim – uma das principais análises dentro do campo das ciências sociais. Logo após, trazemos a construção da noção de determinação social da saúde a partir da crítica latino-americana da década de 70 ao discurso hegemônico do período sobre o processo saúde-doença. O pensamento latino-americano teve grande produção teórico-política brasileira em um lugar de vanguarda quando comparado a todos os países da América do Sul e Central. Entre outras agendas, a noção de determinação social da saúde, oriunda dos movimentos sociais, pautou a reforma sanitária brasileira, colocando-se como cerne do debate. Noção esta que sustentou a ‘bandeira política’ defendida pelo movimento sanitário na luta por melhores condições de vida e de saúde no Brasil. Em seguida, apresentamos a configuração político-científica mais recente do campo dos determinantes sociais da saúde, destacando que ocorre um enfoque predominantemente reducionista sobre o social. Logo após, trazemos categorias do pensamento da sociologia crítica e da sociologia contemporânea, de forma a oferecer elementos de análise para a crítica à forma como hegemonicamente vem se pautando o discurso no interior do campo dos determinantes sociais da saúde. Ambas as perspectivas apresentam-se de forma não excludentes, não hierárquicas e não concorrentes. Finalizamos tecendo considerações que, longe de serem finais, sinalizam para a necessidade de uma nova perspectiva de partida para os estudos atuais no campo dos determinantes sociais da saúde.
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This study analyzes the impact of globalisation on the organization and strategies outlined by the Brazilian Ministry of Foreign Affairs. The study intends to understand how countries from the periphery deal with new institutional challenges resulting from globalization, using the case of the Brazilian diplomatic service.
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The aim of this article is to analyze Brazil's foreign policy towards the South American region during President Lula's administration. As such, the article intends to highlight two specific dimensions: the extent to which foreign policy during this period has differed from previous periods and the relative importance granted by Brazilian diplomacy to recent cooperation and integration efforts, more specifically the Unasur and Mercosur. The article argues that the Lula administration has behaved differently from its predecessors by prioritizing the building up of Brazilian leadership in South America on several different fronts, especially by strengthening multilateral institutions in the region
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In the post-Cold War world, Africa has been an important focus of Brazilian foreign policy. Having a significant historical weight in building our nation, African countries are also part of the moves adopted by Brazil's foreign policy. The main purpose of the present text is to show this relevant regional dimension regarding Brazil's international insertion during the Lula era. The work is divided in two parts: the first part approaches Africa's international insertion throughout recent years and the second analyses the dimension occupied by African affairs in Brazil during the Lula era. The main argument is that the new role played by Africa in the international scene coincides with a global Brazil
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Foreign Minister of Brazil since 2003, Ambassador Celso Amorim outlines the main guidelines and accomplishments of Brazil's foreign policy under President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva. The article provides a full-fledged, although not exhaustive, narrative of a number of diplomatic initiatives championed by Brazil over the last eight years: from the gathering of the group of developing countries in a World Trade Organization (WTO) meeting in Cancun to the negotiations that led to the Declaration of Tehran, as well as the challenges the country has been facing as its international weight grows.
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This article analyzes the climate policy performance of the G-8 from 1992 to 2012 based on their legal commitments (Annex-1 and Annex-B countries) under the UNFCCC (1992) and the Kyoto Protocol (1997) and their policy declarations on their GHG reduction goals until 2050. A climate paradox has emerged due to a growing implementation gap in Canada, USA and Japan, while Russia, Germany, UK, France and Italy fulfilled their GHG reduction obligation.
Resumo:
The article shows how domestic aspects influence the United States national and international climate policy. To accomplish the task, the authors analyzes the discussions when Bill Clinton was ruling the country, a time during which global discussions were forwarded. The paper recalls the debate in the Bush administration and the growing polarization since Barack Obama took office.
Chinese energy policy progress and challenges in the transition to low carbon development, 2006-2013
Resumo:
If the world is not to jeopardize the chances for human life on Earth, climate change must be mitigated; therefore, achieving low carbon development is crucial. China is the world's greatest GHG emitter, energy producer and energy consumer; investigating its energy-climate policy developments and international positions are of utmost importance to understand and tackle current stumbling blocks of the global energy and climate governance.