Práticas interdisciplinares no ensino superior: a experiência do curso de graduação em administração da UNAMA - Pará

This work addresses the study of interdisciplinarity in higher administration education, a topic of great relevance in the present context, due to guidelines issued by Ministry of Education through the National Curriculum Guidelines -NCGs for undergraduate courses in Management. The attention on the subject emerges from the gained experience of a researcher and teacher working as manager of an undergraduate course in Business Administration who set up interdisciplinarity through interdisciplinary projects in a management course pedagogical project at a private university in State of Pará/Brazil. The work rebuilds and reports experiences, and studies the practice of lecturers involved in those interdisciplinary actions. The study aimed to identify changes in pedagogical practices of teachers involved in the searched interdisciplinary experience. To address the questions that directed the work and achieve proposed objectives, from a qualitative approach, a significant bibliographical and documentary work was conducted on the topic. In the survey carried out on secondary sources such as publications of major authors and scientific papers reporting interdisciplinary experiences in higher administration education, it was found that interdisciplinarity for its ambiguous character is still poorly understood by teachers, and reports on its application in administration teaching are incipient. This study also used data collected from primary sources, from dialogues through interviews with educational fellows - teachers and officers of the institution that served as locus of the research, who had the opportunity to experience the studied interdisciplinary experience. Data were processed and analyzed using content analysis technique. Research results showed that teachers of the institution of research have a good understanding of meaning of interdisciplinarity as a link between disciplines; it was also found substantial evidence of changes in teaching practices and actions of such teachers based on their participation in interdisciplinary projects. Although the experience studied can be considered innovative and challenging, much needs to be done in the course management for achievement of interdisciplinary actions in the course, particularly regarding to the removal of institutional, methodological, psychosocial, epistemological obstacles in operationalizing interdisciplinary practices, with emphasis on the need of a process of continuous and specific training aiming at developing skills for interdisciplinary acting, to the extent that these education professionals do not perceive themselves able to act as interdisciplinary lecturers

Frequência de fatores de risco cardiovascular em voluntários participantes de evento de educação em saúde

INTRODUCTION. Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the main cause of death in Brazil.OBJECTIVE. To evaluate the frequency of CVD risk factors In a population attending a health education community event.METHODS. Retrospective study that included 428 completed forms with clinical and demographic information of volunteers attending a public event, in May, 2006. Data were expressed by means and standard deviation or proportions and compared by Student's t test or Chi-square test. Associations between Arterial Hypertension (AH), Diabetes Mellitus (DM) and clinical variables were analyzed by multinomial logistic regression. Significance level was p<0.05.RESULTS. Mean age was 57 +/- 14years, and women represented 58% of the total population. The main cardiovascular risk factors were AH (39.5%), DM (15.4%) and dyslipidemia (25.89%). The frequency of unawareness about these risk factors was respectively 8.4%, 17.5% and 33.1%.. Family history of CVD was reported by 41% while only 67% reported having any information about DM or dyslipidemia. Among obese individuals (IMC >= 30 Kg/m2, 27.3% of the population), systolic blood pressure (133 +/- 16mmHg), diastolic blood pressure (84 +/- 11.5mmHg) and casual glycemia (124 +/- 52.5mg/dl) were higher when compared to non-obese (p<0.05). There was a significant association between obesity and dyslipidemia (p=0.04). Age and IMC were independently associated with AH and DM.CONCLUSION. The high frequency of modifiable cardiovascular risk factors in this population suggests the need for educational programs to promote primary prevention, mainly for the elderly and overweight. [Rev Assoc Med Bras 2009; 55(5): 606-10]

Intracanal dressing and root canal filling materials in tooth replantation: a literature review

The prognosis of tooth replantation is usually related to the need of endodontic treatment, which has a direct relationship with the occurrence of root resorptions. Several studies have been undertaken in an attempt to prevent, delay, or treat these complications, which are the main causes of loss of replanted teeth. This literature review examines research evidence on intracanal dressings and root canal filling materials used in cases of tooth replantation. A comprehensive search was performed in the Medline/Pubmed, Bireme and Scielo full-text electronic journal databases to retrieve English-language articles referring to these topics that had been published between 1964 and 2010. Calcium hydroxide (CH) remains the usually recommended choice as an intracanal medicament in replanted teeth; however, there is evidence to support the initial use of a corticosteroid-antibiotic combination such as Ledermix paste to control potential early resorption, prior to the introduction of CH where the beneficial effect in the treatment of progressive root resorption has been well proven. Regarding root filling materials, CH-containing sealers are a good option because of their biological properties. Accurate diagnosis and adequate treatment plan may constitute very complex tasks, particularly in tooth avulsion because several variables are involved. In addition to the technical knowledge and clinical experience directed toward the quality of treatment, patient education may favorably influence the survival of replanted teeth.

Analysis of procedures used in tooth avulsion by 100 dental surgeons

Accurate diagnosis and adequate treatment plan may constitute very complex tasks, particularly in tooth avulsion, because several variables are involved. In addition to the technical knowledge and clinical experience directed toward the quality of treatment, patient education may favorably influence the survival of replanted teeth. The aim of this study was to analyze the procedures used in the management of tooth avulsion by 100 dental surgeons (DSs). Thus, by means of a descriptive questionnaire, information was obtained about the profile of the professionals interviewed, procedures used in cases of tooth avulsion, and patient orientation and education. One hundred properly filled questionnaires were obtained. Descriptive statistics was used for the data, and the chi-squared statistics was employed (EPI-INFO 3.2 software). According to the results, this type of trauma is part of the routine of 15 DSs, although 71 have reported some experience with avulsed,teeth. Great deficiencies were found regarding root surface treatment and occlusal adjustment. Positive findings were related to socket treatment, adjunctive therapy, and patient education and orientation (extra-alveolar period, storage medium, manipulation of the avulsed tooth, replantation by the own patient). It was possible to conclude that 47.5% of the procedures reported by, 100 professionals interviewed are adequate, and patient education is favorable in 87.7% of cases, a fact that can positively interfere with the prognosis of tooth replantation.

Paediatric rheumatology - A global perspective

This chapter aims to give a global perspective to paediatric rheumatology. The main points covered are the incidence, recognition of paediatric autoimmune diseases, and ethnic/geographic distribution. The most prevalent disease is juvenile idiopathic arthritis; robust data are still required for childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus, dermatomyositis, and scleroderma. Mimicking or overlapping infections are a major challenge in developing countries, and immunization policies in our patients in these areas need specific attention. The delivery of paediatric rheumatology care is also overviewed. Discrepancies in health-care resources and priorities are found in developing countries. Although most anti-rheumatic treatments are available worldwide, they are prohibitively expensive in many countries. For more traditional antirheumatic drugs there is still an ongoing need for good core outcome data across the world to ensure valid comparisons. Parent/patient education has been implemented worldwide in paediatric rheumatology through the power of the Internet. Physician and undergraduate training goals must be met to facilitate competent musculoskeletal assessment, a proper understanding of age-dependent variations, diagnosis, referral to specialists, and improved standards of care.

Patients' Expectations of and Satisfaction with Implant-Supported Fixed Partial Dentures and Single Crowns

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

CPITN: time and cost estimates for periodontal prevention and treatment procedures.

The aim of this study was to estimate the necessary time and cost for periodontal prevention and treatment in a working population from sugar and alcohol refineries in Araraquara, SP, Brazil. A stratified sample of 528 employees aged 18-64 from administrative, industrial and agricultural staffs was examined by one examiner, previously trained, according to the community periodontal index of treatment needs (CPITN). The time required for procedures and the cost was extrapolated to the total worker population. The results showed that the estimated time required for periodontal prevention/treatment was 4527 hours. Of this time, 1783 hours were required for oral hygiene instruction, 2531 for scaling, 151 for surgery and 62 for maintenance. The cost would be US $17,655 for hiring a dentist for 8 hours/day to provide oral hygiene instruction, scaling, surgery and maintenance. However, the cost would be US $9,028 for hiring a dentist for 4 hours/day to provide surgery and maintenance and a dental hygienist for 8 hours/day to provide scaling and oral hygiene instruction. Taking into account epidemiologic, technical and economic aspects, the decision relating to manpower should be this second option.

Psicoterapia grupal no transtorno obsessivo-compulsivo

There are few published papers about group psychotherapy for patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), and usually restricted psychoeducational, support or cognitive-behavioral approaches. This article describes the experience of group psychotherapy for OCD patients started in 1996 in Botucatu Medical School - Unesp, São Paulo, Brazil. The two-hour sessions occur once a month, with 6 to 10 female patients, and are based on psychodramatic techniques. Psychotropic prescriptions are given after the sessions. In the beginning, aggressive obsessions were more prominent and were reported with much anguish and shame. Gradually, the themes changed from OCD specific issues (symptoms, pharmacological treatment, outcome, need of exposure and response prevention) to deeper and more personal psychodynamic aspects. The psychodramatic approach (techniques of double, mirror, role inversion, search for prymary scenes) has mostly shown: difficulty in accepting their own human mistakes or negative emotions due to excessive personal demands. This seems to generate guilt, low self-esteem, idealization of others, difficulty in enjoying pleasant situations, fear of taking responsibilities and of losing control (madness/aggressiveness). The group has been considered very important by the patients, since sharing experiences helps to diminish feelings of isolation, shame and guilt, stimulates the exposure to feared situations and enhances self-esteem. The fact that all participants have the same disorder favors group cohesion and provides relief, as they see in the others some of their afflictions and are able to share similar feelings and experiences. Many times the burden of the symptoms are dealt with humor. The confidence in such therapeutic setting is helping the identification and resolution of personal conflicts and contributing to the adherence to pharmacological treatment. The group also provides valuable training experiences for resident physicians in psychiatry.

Análise dos procedimentos empregados por 100 cirurgiões-dentistas nos casos de avulsão dentária

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

A produção do programa de pós-graduação em educação da UNESP/Marilia na área de administração da educação (1991-2000)

Pós-graduação em Educação - FFC

A formação inicial de professores e a educação inclusiva: analisando as propostas de formação dos cursos de licenciatura da UFPA

Este estudo teve por objetivo analisar as novas propostas de formação de professores desenvolvidas pelos cursos de licenciatura da UFPA/campus do Guamá, elaboradas no contexto da vigência das políticas de educação inclusiva e legislações delas decorrentes, adotadas pelo Estado brasileiro. Para tanto, busquei nos documentos oficiais concatenandoos aos referenciais teóricos sobre inclusão e formação de professores indicadores que se colocassem como lentes para ler os projetos políticos pedagógicos dos cursos de licenciatura reformulados pós ou concomitante a elaboração das DCN para a Formação de Professores da Educação Básica e perceber se esses cursos atenderam às prescrições e orientações oficiais no que se refere ao trato com a diversidade. A superação da formação conteudista, a re-significação das disciplinas pedagógicas e a inclusão de conteúdos ou disciplinas referentes à educação de pessoas com necessidades educacionais especiais nos currículos dos cursos de formação foram os indicadores encontrados nas políticas educacionais que poderiam se configurar como indícios de que as novas propostas de formação dos cursos de licenciatura da UFPA preparam os futuros professores da educação básica para trabalhar em escolas inclusivas. Na análise dos projetos identifiquei que os sete cursos pesquisados Geografia, História, Letras, Química, Biologia, Matemática e Educação Física atenderam às duas primeiras prescrições. No entanto, no que se refere a inclusão de conteúdos sobre às pessoas com NEE os caminhos seguidos foram diferentes: Geografia e Educação Física incluíram disciplinas; Letras, Biologia e História incluíram conteúdos; Matemática e Química não atenderam a essa prescrição. A partir desses dados busquei por meio da entrevista semi-estruturada analisar os argumentos que os cursos utilizaram para justificar as suas decisões, estas foram desenvolvidas apenas com os cursos de Letras, Química e Educação Física. As entrevistas possibilitaram-me perceber que a inclusão não foi um princípio que orientou o processo de reestruturação curricular e que, apesar de presente enquanto conteúdo ou disciplina na maioria dos currículos, não tem orientado o processo de formação. A presença ausente da inclusão, em grande parte dos cursos de formação da UFPA demonstra que esta aparece em seus PPP apenas como cumprimento às prescrições oficiais.

Sintomas Mentais e Consumo de Álcool por Estudantes da UNESP, Instituto de Biociências de Rio Claro, S.P

Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo caracterizar os padrões de consumo de bebida alcoólica e a prevalência de indicadores de ansiedade e depressão, em universitários. Foram investigados 200 alunos, em série consecutiva, oriundos dos cursos de Biologia, Ecologia, Educação Física e Pedagogia. Os métodos consistiram na aplicação de escalas especializadas para verificação de padrões de consumo de álcool e sintomas de ansiedade e depressão, respectivamente, o SADD (Short Alcohol Dependence Data) e a HAD (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale). Os resultados mostraram que, dos 200 alunos, 17 (8,5%) apresentavam comportamento de uso abusivo de álcool, com riscos para a saúde física e mental. Ainda, 53 alunos (26,5%) revelaram indicadores positivos de ansiedade e 16 (8%), de depressão. Destes 53 alunos com indicadores positivos de ansiedade, 8 (15,1%) faziam uso abusivo de álcool e, dos 16 alunos com sintomas depressivos, 8 (50%) tinham comportamento de consumo abusivo de álcool, com riscos para a saúde física e mental. Os autores concluíram que o uso abusivo de álcool pode estar associado à presença de sofrimento psíquico, principalmente ansiedade e depressão. E propõem que se discuta a necessidade de criação de um Serviço de Saúde Mental para atendimento da comunidade universitária.

Os 600 transplantes renais do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu (HC da FMB) - UNESP: Mudanças ao longo do tempo

Introdução:Os resultados alcançados pelos transplantes renais nas últimas décadas têm melhorado progressivamente. Objetivo:A fim de determinar a extensão desse progresso, conduzimos uma análise dos resultados obtidos em nosso programa de transplantes através de três períodos diferentes. Métodos:Avaliamos os 600 transplantes renais realizados no HC FMB-UNESP até dezembro de 2011, subdividindo-os em três eras, de acordo com a imunossupressão vigente. Era 1: de 1987 a 2000 (n = 180); associação de ciclosporina e azatioprina. Era 2: de 2001 a 2006 (n = 120); associação de ciclosporina e micofenolato e Era 3: de 2007 a 2011 (n = 300); associação de tacrolimus e micofenolato. Resultados:Os resultados mostram aumento da idade média do receptor, da prevalência de diabetes e do número de transplantes com doador falecido (60%) na terceira era. O uso de terapia de indução foi de 75% era atual contra 46,6% (Era 2) e 3,9% (Era 1), p < 0,0001. Os dados de sobrevida geral por tipo de doador mostram dados semelhantes à literatura. Houve progressivo aumento da sobrevida do enxerto com doadores falecidos em 5 anos, saindo de 13,7% (Era 1) para 81,9% (Era 3). Conclusão:Houve significativas diferenças ao longo do tempo, culminando com aumento do volume de transplantes na atual era (média de 14 transplantes/ano na Era 1 para 75 transplantes/ano na Era 3). Inverteu-se o perfil de transplantes na era atual com predomínio de doador falecido. A melhor sobrevida com doador falecido da atual era foi atribuída a maior experiência do centro e aos esquemas de imunossupressão baseados na combinação de tacrolimus com micofenolato associados a esquema de indução.

As ações em educação ambiental realizadas por Organizações Não-Governamentais no estado de São Paulo: alcances e limitações

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

As avaliações externas e suas implicações para a organização do trabalho numa escola da rede estadual paulista: um estudo de caso

This research analyses the positives and/or negatives of external reviews to work's organization developed at the/and by the school. It should be noted that it's a qualitative case of empirical research, and it takes the pattern of case's study, because we held the investigation just in one school, which in turn, belongs to the education's public network by the state, and is located at the São Paulo northwest. The tools employed at this research for the data's collect were the observation, restricted to times of Pedagogical Work Activities Collective from the school, and the semi structured interviews with educational coordinators and the teachers too. We choose educational coordinators and teachers because they are closer with the education and learning methods, as well as their activities have more responsibility in relation to the main function developed by school, that is to teach, in other words, educational processes. This research also concerns an investigation about the educational coordinators and teachers conceptions, in relation to system's implantation external reviews at the schools. The results indicate to incidence of significant interference of the external reviews to/in the organization school's work, as, a teaching practice reorientation from results arising these reviews, or, modifications in the internal rating, since they have followed a tendency towards becoming more similar with their own external reviews. In what concerns the subjects investigated, we can emphasize that mostly submitted alienation with respect to negative effects of the external reviews for school. They showed that are conformed with the reality that they are inserted and in your mostly they proved perceive the positive effects by the implantation of external reviews. We can also add that the data obtained in the research allow us declare that the work of the educational coordinators of this school in presence of external reviews don't...