Developing finished product stocking in a ventilation equipment company

Opinnäytetyön tavoitteena oli analysoida ja kehittää lopputuotteiden varastointia Halton Oy:ssä. Työ toteutettiin, koska yrityksen laajasta tuotevalikoimasta monia nimikkeitä varastoidaan tällä hetkellä ja ne sitovat runsaasti pääomaa varastoon. Lisäksi yrityksellä on vain rajallinen varastointitila käytettävissä ja sitä haluttiin hyödyntää optimaalisesti. Työssä suunniteltiin yritykselle varastoitavien tuotenimikkeiden hallintaprosessi ja lisäksi tutkittiin kuinka yritys voisi tarjota tuotteitaan nopeammin tärkeimmille ulkomaan markkina-alueille. Työn alussa huomio kohdistui myynniltään vähemmän merkittäviin varastonimikkeisiin, joita analysoitiin suunniteltujen kriteerien avulla. Tarkoituksena oli selvittää, mitkä varastonimikkeistä voitaisiin siirtää tilausohjautuviksi. Tärkeimpinä analysointikriteereinä käytettiin nimikkeiden alhaista myyntimäärää, lyhyttä tuotannonläpimenoaikaa sekä varastoitavien nimikkeiden lukumäärää tuoteryhmässä. Työssä huomioitiin kuitenkin myös muita mahdollisia syitä varastointiin. Lisäksi tehtiin havaintoja tilausohjautuvista nimikkeistä, jotka saattaisivat tarvita varastointia. Suunniteltuun hallintaprosessiin sisältyi kriteerien lisäksi myös varastotasojen määrittäminen yrityksen nykyisen varastomallin pohjalta. Työssä tutkittiin kuitenkin myös mahdollisia tulevaisuuden varastomalleja, joiden tarkoituksena olisi parantaa asiakaspalvelua ulkomailla. Tutkimus keskittyi pääasiassa nimikkeiden kysyntöjen analysointiin eri varastomallien myyntialueilla.

Protective behavioral strategies and future drinking behaviors: Effect of drinking intentions.

Alcohol use is common among United States and Swedish high school students and is related to negative consequences. Whereas drinking intentions are associated with future drinking behaviors, the use of protective behavioral strategies (PBS) is associated with decreased alcohol-related harm among young adults. The interactive effect of PBS and drinking intentions in predicting alcohol outcomes has not been examined. Further, because most PBS studies have been conducted among U.S. college students, PBS research among other populations is needed. The aims of this study were to evaluate longitudinally (a) the relationships between drinking intentions, PBS and alcohol outcomes, and (b) the moderating roles of drinking intentions and country in these relationships among United States and Swedish high school drinkers. Data were collected at baseline, 6- and 12-month follow-ups on 901 Swedish and 288 U.S. high school drinkers. Drinking intentions were associated with more alcohol use and consequences, and use of certain PBS was related to fewer alcohol-related consequences over time. Additionally, the negative prospective relationship between use of PBS and alcohol use, but not alcohol-related consequences, was moderated by intentions, such that the relationship was stronger among participants endorsing high drinking intentions. Country did not moderate these relationships. These results provide initial support for the generalizability of PBS college research to United States and Swedish high school students and suggest that interventions targeting the use of PBS may be most effective among high school drinkers endorsing high drinking intentions. (PsycINFO Database Record

Impact of a Dedicated Noninvasive Ventilation Team on Intubation and Mortality Rates in Severe COPD Exacerbations.

BACKGROUND: Compared with usual care, noninvasive ventilation (NIV) lowers the risk of intubation and death for subjects with respiratory failure secondary to COPD exacerbations, but whether administration of NIV by a specialized, dedicated team improves its efficiency remains uncertain. Our aim was to test whether a dedicated team of respiratory therapists applying all acute NIV treatments would reduce the risk of intubation or death for subjects with COPD admitted for respiratory failure. METHODS: We carried out a retrospective study comparing subjects with COPD admitted to the ICU before (2001-2003) and after (2010-2012) the creation of a dedicated NIV team in a regional acute care hospital. The primary outcome was the risk of intubation or death. The secondary outcomes were the individual components of the primary outcome and ICU/hospital stay. RESULTS: A total of 126 subjects were included: 53 in the first cohort and 73 in the second. There was no significant difference in the demographic characteristics and severity of respiratory failure. Fifteen subjects (28.3%) died or had to undergo tracheal intubation in the first cohort, and only 10 subjects (13.7%) in the second cohort (odds ratio 0.40, 95% CI 0.16-0.99, P = .04). In-hospital mortality (15.1% vs 4.1%, P = .03) and median stay (ICU: 3.1 vs 1.9 d, P = .04; hospital: 11.5 vs 9.6 d, P = .04) were significantly lower in the second cohort, and a trend for a lower intubation risk was observed (20.8% vs 11% P = .13). CONCLUSIONS: The delivery of NIV by a dedicated team was associated with a lower risk of death or intubation in subjects with respiratory failure secondary to COPD exacerbations. Therefore, the implementation of a team administering all NIV treatments on a 24-h basis should be considered in institutions admitting subjects with COPD exacerbations.

Life cycle costs in heating, ventilation and air-conditioning systems with drive

Energy consumption and energy efficiency have become an issue. Energy consumption is rising all over the world and because of that, and the climate change, energy is becoming more and more expensive. Buildings are major consumers of energy, and inside the buildings the major consumers are heating, ventilation and air-conditioning systems. They usually run at constant speed without efficient control. In most cases HVAC equipment is also oversized. Traditionally heating, ventilation and air-conditioning systems have been sized to meet conditions that rarely occur. The theory part in this thesis represents the basics of life cycle costs and calculations for the whole life cycle of a system. It also represents HVAC systems, equipment, systems controls and ways to save energy in these systems. The empirical part of this thesis represents life cycle cost calculations for HVAC systems. With these calculations it is possible to compute costs for the whole life cycle for the wanted variables. Life cycle costs make it possible to compare which variable causes most of the costs from the whole life point of view. Life cycle costs were studied through two real life cases which were focused on two different kinds of HVAC systems. In both of these cases the renovations were already made, so that the comparison between the old and the new, now existing system would be easier. The study indicates that energy can be saved in HVAC systems by using variable speed drive as a control method.

Ventilation artificielle et protection pulmonaire

Une ventilation artificielle avec un volume courant excessif génère dans le poumon une tension et une contrainte élevées, susceptibles d'engendrer des lésions. La situation de l'SDRA, dans laquelle le volume pulmonaire disponible est fortement réduit (baby lung), a permis de bien comprendre ces mécanismes lésionnels. Ceci a permis d'établir des stratégies ventilatoires protectrices efficaces. Cette problématique est également pertinente pour des poumons non lésés au préalable, situation dans laquelle une ventilation protectrice devrait aussi s'appliquer.