Calidad de vida en los pacientes obesos y su cambio tras cirugía bariátrica a medio y largo plazo.

INTRODUCTION: Morbid obesity has grown enormously in recent decades, representing a serious public health problem. It is characterized by the accumulation of body fat and the presence of diseases associated with it, which affects the physical, psychological and social level. It has been considered bariatric ciguría as the most effective treatment for weight loss, getting the welfare of the obese person in the above-described drawings. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the impact on the quality of life of obese people before and after bariatric surgery be tapped using the technique of laparoscopic gastrectomy (GVL) in a follow short, medium and long term. METHOD: The study population are all people with morbid obesity and are candidates for surgery, presenting at Torrecárdenas Bariatric Surgery Hospital (Almería). The design is a descriptive, longitudinal study, prospective. RESULTS: After evaluation of the obese patients a year, two years and five years after surgery, there has been decrease in weight, therefore decrease in BMI and the degree of obesity, improvement or disappearance of comorbidities and increased CV variables. DISCUSSION: The GVL gets reduce excess weight and therefore BMI and the degree of obesity, as well as the number of obesity-associated diseases, thus increasing the CV.

Factores asociados a insulinemia en población general adolescente.

Objectives: To identify factors that correlate with insulin values and to examine its independent associations among adolescents. Methods: A cross-sectional population-based study was conducted among adolescents aged 12-16,9 years old. A multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling method was employed. Anthropometric measurements and nutritional survey were performed, and fasting blood samples for insulin were obtained. Statistics: Multiple lineal regression. Results: 379 adolescents were included. Mean age was 14.08 ± 1.30 years. Factors associated with higher fasting insulin levels were puberty [ 4.55 (95% IC 0.42-8.69)], abdominal obesity [ 6.11 (95% IC 3.93-8.29)] and to be born small for gestational age (SGA) [ 7.45 (95% IC 2.47-12.44)]. It was observed a negative association between the regular intake of olive oil at home and insulin values [ -4.14 (95% IC -7.31- -0.98)]. Conclusions: Abdominal obesity and SGA were factors associated with higher fasting insulin values. In contrast, the regular intake of olive oil at home was an independent protective factor.

Valoración del perfil lipídico y de la densidad mineral ósea en pacientes trasplantados renales

INTRODUCTION: Alterations in lipid metabolism and bone mineral metabolism disturbances are common disorders among renal transplant patients, contributing to the apparition of oxidative metabolic and cardiovascular diseases that threaten the integrity of the graft. AIMS: Describe and observe the evolution of alterations in bone mineral density (BMD) and lipid abnormalities in a population of kidney transplant patients. MATERIAL AND METHOD: The samples consisted of 119 kidney transplant patients of both sexes, measurements were performed pretransplant and posttransplant for five years of biochemical parameters, anthropometric measurements and measurement of bone mineral density at the lumbar spine, femur and radioulnar. RESULTS: During the five years after transplantation a significant increase in biochemical parameters, BMI, dyslipidemia, diabetes and hypertension occurs. At six months there is a high percentage of patients with pathologic BMD increase by 4.1% per year of transplantation. CONCLUSIONS: After kidney transplantation, a large increase of hyperlipidemia associated with a characteristic pattern of altered lipid with elevated total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein, high density lipoprotein, and the resulting increase in triglycerides, occurs despite statin therapy, leading to an increase in risk factors for diabetes, hypertension, diseases and cardiovascualres further loss of bone mass which carries a high risk of serious fractures occurs, threatening kidney graft and quality of life of patients.

Estudio longitudinal del síndrome metabólico tras el trasplante renal.

BACKGROUND: The occurence of the metabolic syndrome (MS) between the renal receptors is one of the major complications after transplantation and is associated with an increased risk of graft failure and high rates of obesity and diabetes new appearance. AIMS: This study aims to investigate the prevalence and risk factors associated with the development of the MS and to evaluate the association between the same with the allograft dysfunction. METHODS: The samples consisted of 138 renal transplant patients, 83 men and 55 women, kidney transplant, which was attended by over five years for the transplant consultation. Were analyzed as potential risk factors for MS: age, sex, body mass index (BMI), weight, hypertension, diabetes, LDL, HDL, triglycerides in serum and immunosuppressive therapy (cyclosporine, tacrolimus, mycophenolate mofetil), was also assessed the prevalence of acute rejection episodes and renal function. RESULTS: The prevalence of MS was 39.85 %. As statistically significant risk factors were obtained the BMI, overweight, HDL cholesterol levels, triglycerides and LDL as well as hypertension and diabetes. There were high rates of acute rejection and differences in story to the glomerular filtration rate. CONCLUSIONS: There is a high prevalence of the MS that severely compromised renal function and graft survival in renal transplant patients, it is very important the control and strict monitoring of all risk factors identified.

Estudio de la albúmina sérica y del índice de masa corporal como marcadores nutricionales en pacientes en hemodiálisis.

Background: Protein calorie malnutrition as well as systemic inflammation and metabolic disorders are common among patients with chronic renal failure undergoing renal replacement therapy (haemodialysis), which contributes to its morbidity and mortality. Aims: The aims of this work was to evaluate the nutritional status of patients in a hemodialysis treatment through the assessment of biochemical parameters nutritional as albumin, and anthropometric parameters of body mass index during ten years of follow up. Methods: In this work has been followed 90 patients of both sexes with chronic kidney disease who were treated with hemodialysis regularly on our unit for ten years. All patients were conducted quarterly measurements of plasma albumin (Alb), and other biochemical determinations, and anthropometric measurements of height, weight and body mass index calculated by the formula weight/height², grouped n BMI < 23 kg/m2 and albumin levels <3.8 g/dl according to the consensus of the panel of experts of the International Society for renal Nutrition and metabolism. Results: During the 10 years all patients showed a significant decline in the biochemical parameters and the albumin, change in BMI does not presented significant changes in relation to malnutrition. Conclusions: Malnutrition in patients on dialysis is a fact patent, BMI does not correspond with the biochemical parameters were observed, for what nutritional impairment in these patients is mainly expressed by serum albumin.

Rentabilidad diagnóstica de las pruebas de provocación bronquial específicas en neumonitis por hipersensibilidad

Estudio de la rentabilidad diagnóstica de las pruebas de provocación bronquial específicas (PPBE) en la neumonitis por hipersensibilidad (NH) a partir de los pacientes derivados para la realización de dicha prueba entre junio de 1995 y diciembre de 2010. De los 113 pacientes, la prueba fue positiva en 68 de los cuales 64 fueron diagnosticados de NH. De los 45 con PPBE negativa, 24 se diagnosticaron de NH. La sensibilidad y especificidad fueron del 72.7% y 84%, respectivamente. En NH una PPBE positiva prácticamente confirma el diagnóstico, mientras que un resultado negativo no la descarta

A evolução da sociedade foguense: Através de um estudo prosopográfico da elite da ilha (sec. XVI-XVIII)

No seu admirável romance, “Ilhéu da Contenda”, Teixeira de Sousa, relata o pensamento de Chiquinho, um jovem mestiço foguense que enquanto matuta sobre a sua posição social, como filho ilegítimo de um branco da terra, expõe-nos sucintamente os seus pensamentos sobre a história da sua família e da sua ilha: “...De que lhe valia ser filho de branco se não usava o nome do pai? /.../ Preferia não receber coisa alguma do pai se em troca apenas lhe desse o seu apelido. Não queria nada mais de Nhô Eusébio. Francisco Medina da Veiga seria nome mais bonito do que só Francisco de Pina. Francisco de Pina. Nome de negro. Ao passo que os Medinas e os Veigas foram sempre gentes graúdas desde o povoamento da ilha. O primeiro Veiga foi capitão-mor do Fogo, e tão rico que os descendentes se mantiveram abastados até os que ainda viviam. Ouvia contar a Nha Caela que esse Afonso Sanches Veiga capitão-mor da ilha, foi o tronco da família do marido. Pois Nho Pedro Simplício da Veiga descendia de uma linha directa desse grande homem que se celebrizou pela sua riqueza e também pela sua crueldade. Os escravos não brincavam com ele. Quando pisavam o risco, mandava-os amarrar a calabaceira de Ilhéu de 2 Contenda e ele próprio os ia castigar com varas de marmeleiro entrançadas em três. Depois mandava botar sal e vinagre nos lanhos sangrentos. Era violento como tudo, esse Sanches da Veiga, tetravô de Pedro Simplício” (pp.61-62)

Nocturnal hypoglycaemias in type 1 diabetic patients: what can we learn with continuous glucose monitoring?

AIM: In type 1 diabetic patients (T1DM), nocturnal hypoglycaemias (NH) are a serious complication of T1DM treatment; self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) is recommended to detect them. However, the majority of NH remains undetected on an occasional SMBG done during the night. An alternative strategy is the Continuous glucose monitoring (CGMS), which retrospectively shows the glycaemic profile. The aims of this retrospective study were to evaluate the true incidence of NH in T1DM, the best SMBG time to predict NH, the relationship between morning hyperglycaemia and NH (Somogyi phenomenon) and the utility of CGMS to reduce NH. METHODS: Eighty-eight T1DM who underwent a CGMS exam were included. Indications for CGMS evaluation, hypoglycaemias and correlation with morning hyperglycaemias were recorded. The efficiency of CGMS to reduce the suspected NH was evaluated after 6-9 months. RESULTS: The prevalence of NH was 67% (32% of them unsuspected). A measured hypoglycaemia at bedtime (22-24 h) had a sensitivity of 37% to detect NH (OR=2.37, P=0.001), while a single measure < or =4 mmol/l at 3-hour had a sensitivity of 43% (OR=4.60, P<0.001). NH were not associated with morning hyperglycaemias but with morning hypoglycaemias (OR=3.95, P<0.001). After 6-9 months, suspicions of NH decreased from 60 to 14% (P<0.001). CONCLUSION: NH were highly prevalent and often undetected. SMBG at bedtime, which detected hypoglycaemia had sensitivity almost equal to that of 3-hour and should be preferred because it is easier to perform. Somogyi phenomenon was not observed. CGMS is useful to reduce the risk of NH in 75% of patients.

Relatório de Estágio em psicologia clínica

No âmbito do 4º ano do curso de psicologia, iniciei o estágio em Psicologia Clínica e da Saúde no Instituto Cabo Verdiano da Criança e do Adolescente (ICCA) e no Centro Juvenil Nhô Djunga (CJND), e o presente relatório descreve toda a vivência desse período de estágio. Sobre o termo psicologia clínica, J.-L Pedinielli, diz que a psicologia clínica apresenta para todos a particularidade de ser, simultaneamente, uma atividade prática e um conjunto de conhecimentos e dualidade. Ela não consiste nem na estrita aplicação de uma teoria numa atividade prática nem na construção de um conjunto de conhecimentos unicamente a partir da experimentação ou do raciocínio hipotético-dedutivo. O estágio decorreu durante um período de 8 meses e foi dividido em 3 fases: A primeira fase, teve como objetivo a integração dos estagiários no Instituto Cabo Verdiano da Criança e do Adolescente (ICCA). A segunda fase teve como objetivo a integração no Centro Juvenil Nhô Djunga (CJND), de acordo com as escolhas dos estagiários. A terceira e última fase foi a implementação do projeto de estágio no CJND com os intervenientes do projeto. Este relatório está constituído por 3 CAPITULOS, sendo o primeiro descrição e a caracterização geral das instituições onde se realizou o estágio. O segundo é constituído por uma reflexão das atividades realizadas nos locais de estágio O terceiro apresenta dois estudos de casos atendidos durante o estágio. Ainda como parte deste relatório temos, a conclusão, a bibliografia e os anexos que descrevem todo o trabalho feito no estágio.

Rate of convergence of a particle method to the solution of the Mc Kean-Vlasov's equation

This paper studies the rate of convergence of an appropriatediscretization scheme of the solution of the Mc Kean-Vlasovequation introduced by Bossy and Talay. More specifically,we consider approximations of the distribution and of thedensity of the solution of the stochastic differentialequation associated to the Mc Kean - Vlasov equation. Thescheme adopted here is a mixed one: Euler/weakly interactingparticle system. If $n$ is the number of weakly interactingparticles and $h$ is the uniform step in the timediscretization, we prove that the rate of convergence of thedistribution functions of the approximating sequence in the $L^1(\Omega\times \Bbb R)$ norm and in the sup norm is of theorder of $\frac 1{\sqrt n} + h $, while for the densities is ofthe order $ h +\frac 1 {\sqrt {nh}}$. This result is obtainedby carefully employing techniques of Malliavin Calculus.

O Papel dos Contos Tradicionais na Identidade do Homem Cabo-verdiano

Os contos tradicionais ou “estórias”, são narrativas de pequenas dimensões que remontam uma civilização milenar e, pela sua natureza consuetudinária, se fazem presentes em quase todas as culturas e civilizações do globo terrestre, conservando invariavelmente os mesmos propósitos e objectivos socio educacional e espiritual para que são criadas, sendo direccionadas especialmente às crianças, adolescentes e jovens. As personagens, o enredo, o fantástico, o maravilhoso, bem como os ambientes em que as acções se desenrolam, retratam a vivência e a experiência humanas do quotidiano, focando vários aspetos dos destinos do homem, seguindo-se-lhes quase sempre uma moral da história que é anunciada na parte final.No caso concreto de Cabo Verde, podemos afirmar que no período anterior à existência da televisão, em que raras vezes se falava de filmes, telenovelas, desenhos animados, entre outros programas de diversão difundidos por este importante meio de comunicação social, os contos tradicionais – contados, sobretudo, à boca da noite, serviam de recurso para entretenimento, passatempo e ocupação dos tempos livres dos nossos jovens, velhos e crianças que os apreciavam não só pela sua natureza lúdico-fantástica, mas também pelo seu pendor pedagógico e as lições de moral subjacentes a cada um deles – como aliás dilucidado nas obras Chiquinho, de Baltazar Lopes, e Ilha Fantástica, de Germano Almeida, dois exímios escritores cabo-verdianos, onde são mencionados Nha Rosa Calita e Nhô Quirino como grandes contadores de estórias, as quais, no dizer dos seus ouvintes, continham ensinamentos cheios de lições de moral e valores que abriam entendimento às coisas da vida.Deste modo, dentre as várias tradições orais cabo-verdianas, encontraremos nos contos tradicionais, um material importante na formação da identidade do homem cabo-verdiano, sem obliterar o preponderante papel dos contadores, recitadores ou “botadores” de estórias na descrição e dramatização de todos os elementos que as envolvem, enfatizando os exórdios, “feresimentus” e a bendita moral da estória mui ansiosamente aguardada pelos ouvintes, como toque final que determina o triunfo do bem sobre o mal.

Equine herpesvirus protein E10 induces membrane recruitment and phosphorylation of its cellular homologue, bcl-10.

v-E10, a caspase recruitment domain (CARD)-containing gene product of equine herpesvirus 2, is the viral homologue of the bcl-10 protein whose gene was found to be translocated in mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphomas. v-E10 efficiently activates the c-jun NH(2)-terminal kinase (JNK), p38 stress kinase, and the nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB transcriptional pathway and interacts with its cellular homologue, bcl-10, via a CARD-mediated interaction. Here we demonstrate that v-E10 contains a COOH-terminal geranylgeranylation consensus site which is responsible for its plasma membrane localization. Expression of v-E10 induces hyperphosphorylation and redistribution of bcl-10 from the cytoplasm to the plasma membrane, a process which is dependent on the intactness of the v-E10 CARD motif. Both membrane localization and a functional CARD motif are important for v-E10-mediated NF-kappaB induction, but not for JNK activation, which instead requires a functional v-E10 binding site for tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor (TRAF)6. Moreover, v-E10-induced NF-kappaB activation is inhibited by a dominant negative version of the bcl-10 binding protein TRAF1, suggesting that v-E10-induced membrane recruitment of cellular bcl-10 induces constitutive TRAF-mediated NF-kappaB activation.

Emergency Department use by patients aged 85 years and over, between 2005 and 2010 in a Swiss university hospital

Introduction: Population ageing challenges Emergency Departments (ED) with a population shift toward higher age groups. People over 65 years are heterogenous with respect to polymorbidity and functional capacity. Complex situations become more prevalent among patients aged 85+, the fastest growing segment of the elderly population (+72% between 2010 and 2030). Objectives: To identify the trend of ED admission rates for patients aged 85+ and to compare the characteristics of their ED visits with the one of patients aged 65-84. Method: Retrospective analysis of 56162 ED admissions of patients aged 65+ at the University of Lausanne Medical Center (CHUV), from 2005 to 2010. All visits of patients aged 65+ at the time of admission were considered. Analyses focus on demographic characteristics, living arrangement, hospital admission, and median Length of Stay (LOS) in the ED. Data from 2010 were examined for the degree of emergency (DE), the main reason for visiting the ED (Swiss triage scale) and readmission at 30 days. Results: Between 2005 and 2010, ED visits of patients aged 65 years and over increased from 8228 to 10390/year (with a slight decrease of women from 56% to 54%). This is an increment of +26% i.e. 5.9 patients/day more. Patients aged 85+ increased by +46% vs +20% for the 65-84. ED visits of people aged 18-64 years raised by +20%. Among patients over 65 years, the proportion of patients aged 85 and more increased from 23% in 2005 to 27% in 2010. In 2010, 85+ patients were more likely than 65-84 patients to come from a NH setting (13% vs 4%), to be hospitalised (70% vs 59%) and to stay longer in the ED (median LOS 9 hours vs 7 hours). Readmission to ED within 30 days after discharge did not differ (85+: 14% vs 65-84: 12%) (similar proportions in 2005). In 2010, the first reason for patients 85+ to visit ED was fall/injury (27% vs 18% by 65-84), whereas the main cause for patients aged 65-84 years was a cardiovascular disorder (18% vs 16% by 85+). The part of high emergency cases was similar for patients 85+ and 65-84 (42%). Conclusion: Among aged patients those aged 85 and over are the fastest growing group admitted to ED. Compared to their younger counterparts, their reason to visit ED and their pattern of health services utilization differ due to specific epidemiological conditions. ED addressing specific needs of geriatric patients would improve their care and lead to a better use of available resources.