On the environmental valuation of catastrophe: revisiting mining disasters in the United Kingdom, 1851-1962

In the context of environmental valuation of natural disasters, an important component of the evaluation procedure lies in determining the periodicity of events. This paper explores alternative methodologies for determining such periodicity, illustrating the advantages and the disadvantages of the separate methods and their comparative predictions. The procedures employ Bayesian inference and explore recent advances in computational aspects of mixtures methodology. The procedures are applied to the classic data set of Maguire et al (Biometrika, 1952) which was subsequently updated by Jarrett (Biometrika, 1979) and which comprise the seminal investigations examining the periodicity of mining disasters within the United Kingdom, 1851-1962.

Otto Klitgord and Andrew Clauson

Otto Klitogord (left) is depicted awarding the Hon. Andrew Clauson (right) with membership in TPS - June 26, 1952. Otto Klitgord was the first president of the New York City College of Technology. He was named director of the New York State Institute of Applied Arts and Sciences when it was formed in the 1946 and became president in the 1950s when the administration was reorganized. Klitgord served until 1960, making his tenure as president the longest in City Tech's history.

Efeito da insulina sobre a atividade da enzima Na+-K+ ATPase branquial, a síntese de proteínas e captação de aminoácidos no hepatopâncreas, músculo e brânquias de Chasmagnathus granulata (Dana, 1851)

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Estudo do metabolismo de carboidratos e de lipídios em tecidos de caranguejos Chasmagnathus granulatus (Dana, 1851) submetidos ao estresse osmótico : inverno e verão

Este estudo teve como objetivo verificar o efeito do estresse osmótico sobre a via gliconeogênica a partir de glicerol em brânquias e sobre a concentração de lipídios totais em diferentes tecidos de Chasmagnathus granulatus, no inverno e no verão, bem como a atividade das enzimas gliconeogênicas glicose-6-fosfatase (G6Fase) e frutose 1,6-bifosfatase (FBFase). Foram determinadas as concentrações de lipídios totais em brânquias anteriores (BA) e posteriores (BP), hepatopâncreas, músculo da quela e hemolinfa de animais do grupo controle (20‰) ou submetidos a 1, 3 e 6 dias de estresse hipo (0‰) ou hiperosmótico (34‰) no inverno e no verão. Em BPs a concentração de lipídios totais foi maior do que nas BAs de inverno e verão. No hepatopâncreas, durante o estresse hiperosmótico, a concentração de lipídios foi maior no inverno do que no verão. No verão, a concentração de lipídios totais diminuiu nas BPs, no hepatopâncreas e no músculo durante o estresse hiperosmótico, sugerindo que os lipídios estão sendo utilizados como substrato energético durante a aclimatação ao estresse. O aumento da concentração de lipídios totais nas brânquias e no hepatopâncreas sugere a participação da lipogênese no ajuste metabólico ao estresse hiposmótico no inverno. A formação de glicose foi determinada a partir de [14C] - glicerol-, in vitro, em BAs e BPs de animais do grupo controle ou submetidos ao estresse hipo ou hiperosmótico de 1, 3 e 6 dias no inverno e no verão. A gliconeogênese em BAs e BPs do grupo controle foi maior no verão do que no inverno. No verão, no grupo controle, a gliconeogênese das BPs foi maior do que aquela das BAs. A diminuição da capacidade gliconeogênica das brânquias durante diferentes tempos de estresse hiperosmótico sugere a participação desses tecidos no ajuste metabólico ao estresse. Durante o estresse hiposmótico, o glicerol parece não ser o substrato preferencial utilizado por essa dessa via tanto no verão como no inverno. A atividade das enzimas G6Fase e FBFase foi determinada em BAs e BPs, hepatopâncreas e músculo da mandíbula de animais do grupo controle ou submetidos a 3 dias de estresse hipo ou hiperosmótico nos meses de verão. A atividade da G6Fase e da FBFase no grupo controle foi mais elevada no hepatopâncreas do que nos outros tecidos. As atividades dessas enzimas confirmam que a via gliconeogênica é completa nos tecidos estudados. O efeito do estresse hipo ou hiperosmótico, in vivo, sobre a atividade das enzimas varia conforme o tecido do caranguejo.

Searching for larval support for majoid families (Crustacea : Brachyura) with particular reference to Inachoididae Dana, 1851

We re-evaluated the larval support for families within majoids using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test with emphasis on Inachoididae. To accomplish our objectives, we added 10 new taxa, two of which are traditionally assigned to the family of special interest, to a previous larval database for majoids, and re-appraised the larval characters used in earlier studies. Phylogenetic analysis was performed with PAUP* using the heuristic search with 50 replicates or the branch-and-bound algorithm when possible. Multi-state transformation series were considered unordered; initially characters were equally weighted followed by successive weighting, and trees were rooted at the Oregoniidae node. Ten different topological constraints were enforced for families to evaluate tree length under the assumption of monophyly for each taxonomic entity. Our results showed that the tree length of most constrained topologies was not considerably greater than that of unconstrained analysis in which most families nested as paraphyletic taxa. This may indicate that the present larval database does not provide strong support for paraphyly of the taxa in question. For Inachoididae, although the Wilcoxon signed-rank test rejected a significant difference between unconstrained and constrained cladograms, we were unable to provide a single synapomorphy for this clade. Except for the conflicting position of Leurocyclus and Stenorhynchus, the two clades correspond to the traditional taxonomic arrangement. Among inachoidids, the clade (Anasimus (Paradasygyius (Collodes + Pyromaia))) is supported, whereas for inachids, the clade (Inachus (Macropodia + Achaeus)) is one of the most supported clades within majids. As often stated, only additional characters will provide a better test for the monophyly of Inachoididae and other families within Majoidea.

Population features of the spider crab Acanthonyx scutiformis (Dana 1851) (Crustacea, Majoidea, Epialtidae) associated with rocky-shore algae from southeastern Brazil.

Acanthonyx scutiformis, an endemic species in the Brazilian coast, is commonly found in intertidal rocky-shore algal communities. This study analyzes the population biology of A. scutiformis from Ubatuba region. A total of 371 specimens were collected over one year. Size range was 4.2[long dash]12.7 mm CW (carapace width) for females and 3.7[long dash]15.8 mm CW for males. Females predominated in intermediate size classes, whereas males prevailed in the largest ones. The estimated size when 50% crabs were mature was 10.7 mm CW for males and 8.9 mm CW for females. Sex ratio varied among the demographic groups. The processes that influence A. scutiformis population structure can be related to the different times males and females reach sexual maturity and probably to the distinct predation pressures on each sex during the adult phase.

Relative growth of spider crab Acanthonyx scutiformis (Dana, 1851) (Crustacea, Decapoda, Majidae)

The dimensions of chelar propodus and abdomen were utilized for the morphometric analysis about the relative growth studies of Acanthonyx scutiformis (Dana, 1851). A total of 297 specimens (114 males and 183 females), was collected in Ubatuba, State of São Paulo, Brazil. The animals were sexed and soarted to maturation phase (immature and mature). The following measurements were made: carapace (length and width), abdomen width and chelar propodus (length and height). In this study was applicated the power function (y= a.x(b)), in which the growth was considered positive allometric with isometric with b=1, and negative allometric with b<1. The alometry becomes isometric, when the results concerning immature and mature females and males are analysed. In the Brachyura male chelipeds are utilized in territorial defense, fight, display and courtship and female abdomens are utilized as a chamber that protect and incubate the eggs.

Distribution of Neohelice granulata (Dana 1851) in its northernmost latitudinal occurrence in a tropical mangrove forest, Brazil (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura, Grapsoidea, Varunidae).

Neohelice granulata ecological distribution was evaluated in its northernmost latitudinal occurrence in a Brazilian tropical mangrove (23[degree]13'4" S, 44[degree]42'47" W). Samples were collected in three sites along the main river in the mangrove. Crabs were manually captured by two people, 15 min each, at low tide periods. The sex of the animals was assessed and carapace width measured. The size-frequency distribution was determined in each site. Environmental factors (salinity, temperature, organic matter and sediment texture) were analyzed, compared among sites and related to crab abundance and size in each site. Crab abundance decreased with the distance from the sea. Juvenile crabs were more frequent next to the sea, whereas larger and ovigerous ones were mainly found in the most distant site. Crab size was proportional to the organic matter percentage in the sediment. N. granulata spatial distribution varies along the river course, which is probably related to the most productive areas that have more nutrients available; this may also occur in order to prevent intraspecific competition.

Desenvolvimento pós-embrionário de Ceraeochrysa cincta (Schneider, 1851) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) alimentada com ovos de Diatraea saccharallis (Fabricius, 1794) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae)

The lacewings (Ceraeochrysa cincta) are important predators found associated to many pests in several agroecosystems. Eggs of Sitotroga cerealella and Anagasta kuehniella are used traditionally for massal rearing of these predators. Other foods can be used in substitution to the traditional ones, but little is known about the biology of lacewings and other alternative foods. So, this work was carried out to evaluate the effect of different diets on the post-embryonic development of C. cincta in laboratory. After been individualized in glass tubes, each larva was fed with S. cereallella and Diatraea saccharallis. It was evaluated the larvae duration, weight and viability in each instar, the duration, weight and viability of the pupa and pre-pupa stages and the duration of the post-embryonic period. It was adopted a completely randomized design with ten replications per treatment, each consisting of five eggs or larvae of C. cincta. Larvae were weighed 48 hours after hatching and 48 hours after each molt, and pre-pupae and pupae, 48 hours after starting these stages. There was no effect of the kind of food provided on the parameters evaluated. Therefore, D. saccharallis eggs can be used to feed C. cincta.

Efeito de produtos a base de Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner em aspectos biológicos de Podisus nigrispinus (Dallas, 1851) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae)

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