Bayesian coalescent analysis reveals a high rate of molecular evolution in GB virus C

GB virus C/hepatitis G (GBV-C) is an RNA virus of the family Flaviviridae. Despite replicating with an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, some previous estimates of rates of evolutionary change in GBV-C suggest that it fixes mutations at the anomalously low rate of similar to 100(-7) nucleotide substitution per site, per year. However, these estimates were largely based on the assumption that GBV-C and its close relative GBV-A (New World monkey GB viruses) codiverged with their primate hosts over millions of years. Herein, we estimated the substitution rate of GBV-C using the largest set of dated GBV-C isolates compiled to date and a Bayesian coalescent approach that utilizes the year of sampling and so is independent of the assumption of codivergence. This revealed a rate of evolutionary change approximately four orders of magnitude higher than that estimated previously, in the range of 10(-2) to 10(-3) sub/site/year, and hence in line with those previously determined for RNA viruses in general and the Flaviviridae in particular. In addition, we tested the assumption of host-virus codivergence in GBV-A by performing a reconciliation analysis of host and virus phylogenies. Strikingly, we found no statistical evidence for host-virus codivergence in GBV-A, indicating that substitution rates in the GB viruses should not be estimated from host divergence times.

Influence of hepatitis G virus (GB virus C) on the prognosis of HIV-infected women

This study was undertaken to evaluate the prevalence of GB virus C (GBV-C) viraemia and anti-E2 antibody, and to assess the effect of co-infection with GBV-C and HIV during a 10-year follow-up of a cohort of 248 HIV-infected women. Laboratory variables (mean and median CD4 counts, and HIV and GBV-C viral loads) and clinical parameters were investigated. At baseline, 115 women had past exposure to GBV-C: 57 (23%) were GBV-C RNA positive and 58 (23%) were anti-E2 positive. There was no statistical difference between the groups (GBV-C RNA + /anti-E2 -, GBV-C RNA - /anti-E2 + and GBV-C RNA - /anti-E2 -) regarding baseline CD4 counts or HIV viral loads (P = 0.360 and 0.713, respectively). Relative risk of death for the GBV-C RNA + /anti-E2 - group was 63% lower than that for the GBV-C RNA - /anti-E2 - group. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that only HIV loads >= 100,000 copies/mL and AIDS-defining illness during follow-up were associated with shorter survival after AIDS development. It is likely that antiretroviral therapy (ART) use in our cohort blurred a putative protective effect related to the presence of GBV-C RNA.

Imperial shoe palace: a collection of poems

Poems

Descentralização, democracia e eficiência na gestão da cidade mundial: um estudo comparado de Londres e São Paulo na década de 80

Discute a tese da descentralização do governo da metrópole contemporânea, como meio para alcançar maior eficiência e fortalecer a democracia. Examina as possibilidades de sucesso dessa estratégia analisando a evolução econômica, social e política de duas "cidades mundiais": Londres e São Paulo, sobretudo no período recente, caracterizado pela globalização.

Impact of atmosphere, organic acids, and calcium on quality of fresh-cut 'Kensington' mango

Fresh-cut slices from ripe 'Kensington' mango (Mangifera indica L.) were prepared aseptically and stored under various treatments at 3 degrees C. Treatments included reduced oxygen (2.5%), enhanced carbon dioxide (5-40%), organic acid application, calcium chloride application, and combinations of the above. Symptoms limiting shelf-life were characterised by tissue darkening, development of a 'glassy' appearance, surface desiccation, and loss of firmness. Reduced oxygen (2.5%) was effective at controlling tissue darkening and the development of a 'glassy' appearance, while calcium application (3%) was partly effective at controlling darkening. Calcium chloride however significantly slowed (but did not stop) loss of tissue firmness. Carbon dioxide (5-40%) and citric acid had little positive effect on shelf-life, with both treatments appearing to promote tissue softening. A combination of low oxygen and calcium allowed 'Kensington' slices to be held for at least 15 days at 3 degrees C. (C) 2006 Elsevier B.V All rights reserved.

Arte sem fronteiras. Londres, Berlim, São Paulo e Rio de Janeiro: olhares estéticos e capitalistas sobre as células do poder lícito e ilícito (séculos XVIII e XX)

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Londres sob bombardeios alemães: uma série de Ralph Ingersoll no jornal O Estado de S. Paulo (1940-1941)

Os anos 1930 e 1940 são conhecidos pela intensa batalha ideológica que os caracterizou, pois o mundo estava cindido entre a democracia e o totalitarismo. Nesta apresentação, pretende-se analisar de que forma as representações acerca do cenário internacional, mais especificamente sobre o bombardeio da Inglaterra pela Luftwaffe, publicadas nas páginas do jornal O Estado de S. Paulo, foram mobilizadas em nome de um projeto de país que estava articulado a uma determinada visão de mundo. 

'Sou atleta, sou mulher': a representação feminina sob análise das modalidades mais noticiadas nas olimpíadas de Londres 2012

Pós-graduação em Comunicação - FAAC

The Angel Shark Project-Sociedad Zoológica de Londres

Grabación realizada por Ciencia compartida (Biblioteca Universitaria)