O pequeno leitor e o processo de mediação de leitura literária

This article discusses literary education from early childhood, understanding early childhood as the nursery period from zero to five years. This paper aims to make some observations about the teaching and learning of reading, their relationships with children’s literature, and the formation of literary taste. It also discusses the mediating role of the teacher in the process of literary education, and the school as a space in which this mediation should occur.

O livro de Alzira

Aiming it contribute to discussions on teaching and learning of reading and writing, is presented, in the form of critical review, the analysis of textual configuration of the book Será que fui eu?, by Alzira Silveria. This analysis was developed based on the assumption that reading and producing written texts are specifically human activities whose function and importance beyond the boundaries of the school and change ways of thinking, feeling, will and act, promoting qualitative changes in process of human development and providing active participation in the public world of written culture, and therefore in society and history. This is the main “life lesson” that the author of the book teaches all interested in the subject, especially to school teachers responsible for teaching reading and writing, which can only be successful if and when they understand themselves as historical and social people who, also experience reading and producing written texts, not only as necessary acturties for their teaching performance, but rather as essential activities for human development, of people who are author of their own speech frow and about their life and history.

Práticas dialógicas em sala de aula: condição fundante do sujeito letrado

This research intend to situate the process of literacy as a practice interlocutive acquisition of written language, through which students interact with each other and the teacher, and through these interactions are constituted as a subject of dialogue and history. So he had as an aim to investigate through the key concepts of dialogism Bakhtin and discourse analysis, the possibilities of teaching and learning of reading and writing, using language in use, showing the dialogical practices in order to demonstrate that the verbal interactions that result from the actual discursive situations, actually originated in the classroom, from working with the genre can guide the teaching of reading and writing and its social use. Therefore, I base this research on the methodological framework of literature and field. This takes place in view of observed teaching practice related to the early years of literacy and, therefore, to investigate such activities are carried out that reading and writing during the teaching of mother tongue, as are utilized practices of orality and literacy in room classroom and, even if the teacher makes use of this type of language for the acquisition of written language. The results of analysis of data collected by the instruments used, namely, questionnaires, systematic observation and textual production of the students, point to the fact that the literacy teaching practices, classroom researched are far from forming a student literate because the fact of the teachers surveyed knew not the key content for teaching the language, means that they will lead to literacy, from the point of view of language as a monologic process.

Ciclo alfabetização: as propostas e as práticas pedagógicas

Pós-graduação em Educação - IBRC

A atitude leitora dos pais e sua relação com a formação do leitor iniciante

Pós-graduação em Educação - FFC

Concepções e práticas do ensino de leitura em inglês no ensino médio

Pós-graduação em Educação Escolar - FCLAR

O jogo como recurso viabilizador da aprendizagem no processo de alfabetização na educação básica

This work's aim was to verify the contributions of educational games usage as a teaching resource in alphabetization and literacy process during elementary school initial years. For this, there was a bibliographical survey on the topic, identifying Brazilian publishing on articles, dissertations and theses over the last ten years and what were the possibilities to use this feature of offering a more meaningful and playful learning to students, ensuring their learning processes. The results indicate that, although there are several themes that address the game and learning, there is little published concerning game and literacy. Overall, it is possible to affirm that games are features that enable the learning of reading and writing in early literacy process. Therefore, it is reiterated that games constitute resources that enable learning in the early literacy process and constitutes in a different activity, which mobilizes the child in a playful dimension to learning

FORMAÇÃO CONTINUADA DE PROFESSORES ALFABETIZADORES: COMO APRENDE O PROFESSOR?

Este estudo versa sobre a análise do processo de aprendizagem de alguns professores alfabetizadores da Rede Estadual de Educação de São Paulo e buscou compreender onde e como este grupo de profissionais aprende os conteúdos necessários para alfabetizar na perspectiva da construção de conhecimento. A hipótese que orienta esta análise é a de que um professor bem-formado tem mais condição de intervir na aprendizagem de seus alunos e, gradativamente, contribuir para a garantia do direito de todas as crianças se alfabetizarem. Parte também da hipótese de que, compreendendo o processo de aprendizagem destes educadores, as ações de formação podem ser mais eficazes. Por meio de pesquisa empírica, revisão bibliográfica e análise documental, esta dissertação organiza-se da seguinte forma: na Introdução é anunciada a trajetória profissional da proponente e sua relação com os programas de alfabetização e com as propostas de formação de educadores das Redes Públicas de Educação de São Paulo. O primeiro Capítulo tece a fundamentação teórica na qual os programas de formação de professores alfabetizadores de São Paulo são organizados. No segundo Capítulo é realizado um breve histórico sobre os programas de formação de professores alfabetizadores da Rede Estadual de Ensino, no período de 1984 a 2010, com uma análise sobre a coerência entre as concepções de ensino e aprendizagem, e as concepções que embasam os diferentes programas institucionais. No terceiro Capítulo são descritos os caminhos percorridos no processo de realização da pesquisa empírica. Nas Considerações Finais foram retomadas, em síntese, as discussões realizadas no desenvolvimento dos capítulos, recuperando a essência das análises a partir dos dados coletados, expressando os resultados da investigação. Foram aplicados questionários de perfil e realizadas entrevistas com 13 sujeitos envolvidos com o Programa Ler e Escrever da Rede Estadual de Ensino de São Paulo, envolvendo desde professores alfabetizadores até os organizadores do Programa. A fundamentação teórica deste estudo ocorreu, principalmente, a partir das contribuições de Piaget (1967); Ferreiro e Teberosky (1985); Ferreiro (1989; 1992; 2002; 2007); Becker (1993); Coll (1992); Lerner (2002) que se orientam pela concepção de construção de conhecimento e tratam da aprendizagem da leitura e escrita, da formação do professor e da didática da alfabetização e da Matemática; e Alarcão (2008), Lerner (2002) e Tardif (2002) que abordam a formação docente. A análise dos dados foi realizada a partir da fundamentação e dos procedimentos de Análise Temática do Conteúdo, conforme Bardin (2008) que resultou na elaboração de apreciações de condições que devem ser consideradas na formação de professores alfabetizadores. Os resultados obtidos apontam para algumas inferências sobre o processo de aprendizagem dos professores alfabetizadores que, se consideradas nas propostas, podem contribuir para a maior eficiência dos programas de formação, resultando em melhor apropriação pelos professores dos conteúdos envolvidos na alfabetização, na melhoria da qualidade da aprendizagem dos alfabetizandos e, consequentemente, na formação de leitores plenos e escritores eficientes.

For the win (FTW)! Contribuições de um serious game para o ensino-aprendizagem de argumentação

This is a qualitative and reflexive research with focus on digital literacy. Among the digital media that could support the teaching of argumentation in the Science & Technology and Information Technology undergraduate courses of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, we chose a serious game as object of research. Given the object of study in the discipline of reading and writing II – argumentation and genre from the order of argumentative writing -, common to the undergraduate courses mentioned, we invest on the development of a serious game, named ArgumentACTION, because we believe that it may, in fact, become a promising didactic instrument. Therefore we intend to understand whether and how this game can help students develop their reading and writing skills more independently, specifically towards an argumentative order genre: the opinion piece. With this research, we intend to contribute to the teaching of the Portuguese language on three bases: extending theoretical scope, in order to generate greater intelligibility on the teaching-learning process of argumenting; proposing a new methodological possibility, with the incorporation of a serious games to teaching; perfecting the game with which we are working, in order to build – and make available – a more refined digital tool to subsidize the teaching and learning of reading and writing of opinion pieces. To do so, we use the following as theoretical-methodological: Studies of Literacy (KLEIMAN, 2012b; TINOCO, 2008; OLIVEIRA, 2010; GEE, 2009; 2010; ROJO, 2012), The Applied Linguistics (KLEIMAN, 1998; BUSH-LEE, 2009), The Philosophy of Language (BAKHTIN, VOLOSHINOV, 2012) and Critical Pedagogy (DEWEY, 2010). A group of students from the upper mentioned undergraduate courses collaborated with this research by playing and analyzing the game. They were also interviewed about their experience in this matter. From the data generated, we established the categories of analysis: decollection, interest, multimodality/multisemiosis and interactivity, agent of literacy, learning principles. The conclusions we obtained show that the investment in applications, especially games, can bring real benefits to the teaching/learning of the Portuguese language; moreover they reveal that the work on argumenting has much to gain with the incorporation of serious games; however the possible advantages depend on a focused teaching practice and constant improvements and updates of this type of interactive tool, as well as the pedagogical practice from those who use and develop the games.

A consciência fonológica ao serviço da competência leitora: os sons das palavras

Dissertação de Mestrado em Ciências da Educação - Especialização em Animação da Leitura, apresentada à Escola Superior de Educação de Paula Frassinetti

Exploring the use of effective learning strategies to increase students' reading comprehension and test taking skills /

This study examined the effects of providing students with explicit instruction in how to use a repertoire of reading comprehension strategies and test taking skills when reading and responding to three types of questions (direct, inferential, critical). Specifically, the study examined whether providing students with a "model" of how to read and respond to the text and to the comprehension questions improved their reading comprehension relative to providing them with implicit instruction on reading comprehension strategies and test taking skills. Students' reading comprehension and test taking performance scores were compared as a function of instructional condition. Students from 2 grade 8 classes participated in this study. The reading component of the Canadian Achievement Tests, Third Edition (CAT/3) was used to identify students' level of reading comprehension prior to the formal instructional sessions. Students received either explicit instruction, which involved modelling, or implicit instruction, which consisted of review and discussion of the strategies to be used. Comprehension was measured through the administration of formative tests after each instructional session. The formative tests consisted of reading comprehension questions pertaining to a specific form of text (narrative, informational, graphic). In addition, students completed 3 summative tests and a delayed comprehension test which consisted of the alternative version of the CAT/3 standardized reading assessment. These data served as a posttest measure to determine whether students had shown an improvement in their reading comprehension skills as a result of the program delivery. There were significant differences in students' Canadian Achievement Test performance scores prior to the onset of the study. Students in the implicit group attained significantly higher comprehension scores than did students in the explicit group. The results from the program sessions indicated no significant differences in reading comprehension between the implicit and explicit conditions, with the exception of the 6th session involving the reading and interpreting of graphic text. Students in the explicit group performed significantly better when reading and interpreting graphic text than those in the implicit group. No significant differences were evident between the two study conditions across the three summative tests. Upon completion of the study, the results from the Canadian Achievement Test indicated no significant differences in performance between the two study conditions. The findings from this study reveal the effectiveness of providing students with explicit strategy instruction when reading and responding to various forms of text. Modelling the appropriate reading comprehension strategies and test taking skills enabled students to apply the same thought processes to their own independent work. This form of instruction enabled students in the explicit group to improve in their abilities to comprehend and respond to text and therefore should be incorporated as an effective form of classroom teaching.

Strategies and Techniques for Teaching Children with Learning Disabilities: A Case Study of the Spring Reading Program

This case study explored strategies and techniques in order to assist individuals with learning disabilities in their academic achievement. Of particular focus was how a literacy-based program, titled The Spring Reading Program, utilizes effective tactics and approaches that result in academic growth. The Spring Reading Program, offered by the Learning Disabilities Association of Niagara Region (LDANR) and partnered with John McNamara from Brock University, supports children with reading disabilities academically. In addition, the program helps children increase their confidence and motivation towards literacy. I began this study by outlining the importance of reading followed by and exploration of what educators and researchers have demonstrated regarding effective literacy instruction for children with learning disabilities. I studied effective strategies and techniques in the Spring Reading Program by conducting a qualitative case study of the program. This case study subsequently presents in depth, 4 specific strategies: Hands-on activities, motivation, engagement, and one-on-one instruction. Each strategy demonstrates its effectiveness through literature and examples from the Spring Reading Program.

Effects of repeated readings on reading abilities of English language learners with specific learning disabilities

This study investigated the effects of repeated readings on the reading abilities of 4, third-, fourth-, and fifth-grade English language learners (ELLs) with specific learning disabilities (SLD). A multiple baseline probe design across subjects was used to explore the effects of repeated readings on four dependent variables: reading fluency (words read correctly per minute; wpm), number of errors per minute (epm), types of errors per minute, and answer to literal comprehension questions. Data were collected and analyzed during baseline, intervention, generalization probes, and maintenance probes. Throughout the baseline and intervention phases, participants read a passage aloud and received error correction feedback. During baseline, this was followed by fluency and literal comprehension question assessments. During intervention, this was followed by two oral repeated readings of the passage. Then the fluency and literal comprehension question assessments were administered. Generalization probes followed approximately 25% of all sessions and consisted of a single reading of a new passage at the same readability level. Maintenance sessions occurred 2-, 4-, and 6-weeks after the intervention ended. The results of this study indicated that repeated readings had a positive effect on the reading abilities of ELLs with SLD. Participants read more wpm, made fewer epm, and answered more literal comprehension questions correctly. Additionally, on average, generalization scores were higher in intervention than in baseline. Maintenance scores were varied when compared to the last day of intervention, however, with the exception of the number of hesitations committed per minute maintenance scores were higher than baseline means. This study demonstrated that repeated readings improved the reading abilities of ELLs with SLD and that gains were generalized to untaught passages. Maintenance probes 2-, 4-, and 6- weeks following intervention indicated that mean reading fluency, errors per minute, and correct answers to literal comprehensive questions remained above baseline levels. Future research should investigate the use of repeated readings in ELLs with SLD at various stages of reading acquisition. Further, future investigations may examine how repeated readings can be integrated into classroom instruction and assessments.

Effects of Repeated Readings on Reading Abilities of English Language Learners with Specific Learning Disabilities

This study investigated the effects of repeated readings on the reading abilities of 4, third-, fourth-, and fifth-grade English language learners (ELLs) with specific learning disabilities (SLD). A multiple baseline probe design across subjects was used to explore the effects of repeated readings on four dependent variables: reading fluency (words read correctly per minute; wpm), number of errors per minute (epm), types of errors per minute, and answer to literal comprehension questions. Data were collected and analyzed during baseline, intervention, generalization probes, and maintenance probes. Throughout the baseline and intervention phases, participants read a passage aloud and received error correction feedback. During baseline, this was followed by fluency and literal comprehension question assessments. During intervention, this was followed by two oral repeated readings of the passage. Then the fluency and literal comprehension question assessments were administered. Generalization probes followed approximately 25% of all sessions and consisted of a single reading of a new passage at the same readability level. Maintenance sessions occurred 2-, 4-, and 6-weeks after the intervention ended. The results of this study indicated that repeated readings had a positive effect on the reading abilities of ELLs with SLD. Participants read more wpm, made fewer epm, and answered more literal comprehension questions correctly. Additionally, on average, generalization scores were higher in intervention than in baseline. Maintenance scores were varied when compared to the last day of intervention, however, with the exception of the number of hesitations committed per minute maintenance scores were higher than baseline means. This study demonstrated that repeated readings improved the reading abilities of ELLs with SLD and that gains were generalized to untaught passages. Maintenance probes 2-, 4-, and 6- weeks following intervention indicated that mean reading fluency, errors per minute, and correct answers to literal comprehensive questions remained above baseline levels. Future research should investigate the use of repeated readings in ELLs with SLD at various stages of reading acquisition. Further, future investigations may examine how repeated readings can be integrated into classroom instruction and assessments.

Early intervention: Narratives of learning, discipline and enculturation

Current understandings about literacy have moved away from the belief that literacy is simply a process that individuals do in their heads. These understandings do not negate the importance of the individual aspects of literacy learning, but they emphasize understandings of literacy as a social practice. In many cases, responses to early literacy intervention seem to be grounded in theories that appear out of step with current literacy research and consequent evidence that literacy is socially and culturally constructed. One such response is the Reading Recovery programme based on Clay’s theory of literacy acquisition. Clay (1992) describes the programme as a second chance to learn. However, others have suggested that programmes like Reading Recovery may in fact work toward the marginalization of particular groups, thereby helping to maintain the status quo along class, gender and ethnic lines. This article allows two professionals to bring their insider’s knowledge of Reading Recovery to an analysis of the construction of the programme. The article interweaves this analysis with the personal narratives of the researchers as they negotiated the borders between different understandings and beliefs about literacy and literacy pedagogy.