Compressive neuropathy of the first branch of the lateral plantar nerve: a study by magnetic resonance imaging

Abstract Objective: To assess the prevalence of isolated findings of abnormalities leading to entrapment of the lateral plantar nerve and respective branches in patients complaining of chronic heel pain, whose magnetic resonance imaging exams have showed complete selective fatty atrophy of the abductor digiti quinti muscle. Materials and Methods: Retrospective, analytical, and cross-sectional study. The authors selected magnetic resonance imaging of hindfoot of 90 patients with grade IV abductor digiti quinti muscle atrophy according to Goutallier and Bernageau classification. Patients presenting with minor degrees of fatty muscle degeneration (below grade IV) and those who had been operated on for nerve decompression were excluded. Results: A female prevalence (78.8%) was observed, and a strong correlation was found between fatty muscle atrophy and plantar fasciitis in 21.2%, and ankle varices, in 16.8% of the patients. Conclusion: Fatty atrophy of the abductor digiti quinti muscle is strongly associated with neuropathic alterations of the first branch of the lateral plantar nerve. The present study showed a significant association between plantar fasciitis and ankle varices with grade IV atrophy of the abductor digiti quinti muscle.

Lateral gene exchanges shape the genomes of amoeba-resisting microorganisms.

Based on Darwin's concept of the tree of life, vertical inheritance was thought to be dominant, and mutations, deletions, and duplication were streaming the genomes of living organisms. In the current genomic era, increasing data indicated that both vertical and lateral gene inheritance interact in space and time to trigger genome evolution, particularly among microorganisms sharing a given ecological niche. As a paradigm to their diversity and their survival in a variety of cell types, intracellular microorganisms, and notably intracellular bacteria, were considered as less prone to lateral genetic exchanges. Such specialized microorganisms generally have a smaller gene repertoire because they do rely on their host's factors for some basic regulatory and metabolic functions. Here we review events of lateral gene transfer (LGT) that illustrate the genetic exchanges among intra-amoebal microorganisms or between the microorganism and its amoebal host. We tentatively investigate the functions of laterally transferred genes in the light of the interaction with their host as they should confer a selective advantage and success to the amoeba-resisting microorganisms (ARMs).

Added value of SPECT/CT in addition to whole-body scintigraphy augmented with prone lateral views in patients with well-differentiated thyroid carcinoma

Purpose: We aimed to determine the impact of SPECT/CT performed in addition to whole-­‐body scintigraphy augmented with prone lateral views in patients with well-­‐differentiated thyroid carcinoma. Methods and Materials: This retrospective study included 141 patients (87 female, 54 male, mean age 47 years) with well-­‐differentiated thyroid carcinoma (105 papillary, 31 follicular, 1 Hürthle cell and 4 poorly differentiated) treated with radioiodine therapy (1000-7400 MBq). Patients were referred for either first postsurgical therapy (n=76) or further treatment (n=65). Two nuclear medicine physicians interpreted the scans in consensus (first whole-­‐body scintigraphy with prone lateral view, then SPECT/CT) reporting abnormal iodine uptake in the thyroid bed, lymph nodes and distant metastasis. The corresponding ATA risk score was calculated for each patient before and after SPECT/CT, as well as change in disease extension Results: The analysis showed a difference between scintigraphy and SPECT/CT in n=17 lesions in 14 patients (9.9%): 12 were described as suspicious on scintigraphy and could be considered as benign on SPECT/CT (3 corresponded to local iodine uptake, 6 to lymph nodes metastases and 3 to distant metastases). The others 5 corresponded to metastases (4 lymph nodes and 1 distant) that were not seen on whole-­‐body scintigraphy augmented with prone lateral views. In 10 of 141 (7.1%) patients, we observed a change in ATA risk stratification, with a risk increase in 4 of them (2.8%). Conclusion: SPECT/CT allowed detecting 5 focal lesions missed on planar scintigraphy, and to precise benignity of 12 suspicious lesions on planar scintigraphy. Moreover, SPECT/CT improved the risk stratification in 10 patients with a significant change in the patient management

Lateral periodontal cysts: a retrospective study of 11 cases

Objective: To describe the clinical, radiological and histopathological features of lateral periodontal cysts among patients diagnosed in different centers (Vall d"Hebron General Hospital, Granollers General Hospital, the Teknon Medical Center, and the Master of Oral Surgery and Implantology of the University of Barcelona Dental School; Barcelona, Spain). Study design: A retrospective observational study was made of 11 lateral periodontal cysts, all of which were diagnosed following a thorough clinical examination, radiological study and posterior histological study. Results: The mean patient age was 37 years, and males predominated over females. The mean lesion size was 1.25 cm. A single relapse was recorded 7 years after removal of the initial lesion. All the cysts were surgically removed. Discussion and conclusions: Lateral periodontal cysts are very infrequent, and are characterized by the preserved vitality of the adjacent teeth. Identification of the lesion is initially based on the clinical findings, though histological study is required to confirm the diagnosis. The treatment of choice is the surgical removal, though occasional relapses have been documented

Validação lateral em relações quantitativas entre estrutura e atividade farmacológica, QSAR

The comparative QSAR is a tool for validating any statistical model that seems to be reasonable in describing an interaction between a bioactive new chemical entity, BIONCE, and the biological system. In order to deeper the understanding of the relationships and the meaning of parameters within the model it is necessary some kind of lateral validation. This validation can be accomplished by chemical procedures using physicochemical organic reactions and by means of biological systems. In this paper we review some of such comparisons and also present a lateral validation between the same set of antimicrobial hydrazides acting against Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast and Escherichia coli bacterium cells. QSARs are presented to shed light in this important way of stating that the QSAR model is not the endpoint, but the beginning.

Full instability behavior of N-dimensional dynamical systems with a one-directional nonlinear vector field

We show how certain N-dimensional dynamical systems are able to exploit the full instability capabilities of their fixed points to do Hopf bifurcations and how such a behavior produces complex time evolutions based on the nonlinear combination of the oscillation modes that emerged from these bifurcations. For really different oscillation frequencies, the evolutions describe robust wave form structures, usually periodic, in which selfsimilarity with respect to both the time scale and system dimension is clearly appreciated. For closer frequencies, the evolution signals usually appear irregular but are still based on the repetition of complex wave form structures. The study is developed by considering vector fields with a scalar-valued nonlinear function of a single variable that is a linear combination of the N dynamical variables. In this case, the linear stability analysis can be used to design N-dimensional systems in which the fixed points of a saddle-node pair experience up to N21 Hopf bifurcations with preselected oscillation frequencies. The secondary processes occurring in the phase region where the variety of limit cycles appear may be rather complex and difficult to characterize, but they produce the nonlinear mixing of oscillation modes with relatively generic features

Síntese e caracterização de copolímeros de cadeia lateral derivados de acrilatos de 4,5-di-hidroisoxazol e do (-)-mentol

Five monomers 5-[4-(5-cyano-4,5-dihydroisoxazol-3-yl)phenoxy]undecyl acrylate (7a); n-alkyl 3-{4-[5-(acryloyloxyundecyl)oxyphenyl]}-4,5-dihydroisoxazole-5-carboxylate (7b,c for n-butyl and n-hexyl, respectively); 3-{4-[5-(acryloyloxyundecyl) oxyphenyl]}-4,5-dihydroisoxazole-5-carboxylic acid (7d) and (1R,2S,5R)-2-isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexyl acrylate (9) and the corresponding copolymers 10a-d,11 and homopolymers 12 from 7a and 13 from 9 were designed and synthesized. Except for acrylate 9 which is derived from (-)-menthol, all of the monomers belong to the series containing the isoxazoline ring linked to the acrylate unit by a flexible spacer chain of eleven methylene units. They presented low glass temperature and despite birefringence behavior, these copolymers showed no mesomorphic properties.

Efeito da inundação lateral sobre a distribuição da vegetação ripária em um trecho do rio Cuiabá, MT

Estudos hidrológicos e fitossociológicos foram realizados num perfil topográfico de 550 m instalado perpendicularmente ao rio Cuiabá, no Município de Rosário Oeste, MT, para analisar a influência da inundação sobre a distribuição da vegetação ripária. Utilizando os dados fluviométricos da estação de Rosário Oeste de 1966 a 2003, um modelo hidrológico de remanso em regime subcrítico foi ajustado, permitindo estabelecer a série hidrológica na área de estudo. A partir dessa série, os intervalos de recorrência nessa área foram obtidos. Os resultados sugeriram que a margem do canal principal, o canal secundário e o dique marginal, a planície de inundação e o terraço alagam a cada ~1 1,7 ano, ~1,77 2,8 anos, ~3 anos e de ~3,25 a ~39 anos, respectivamente. A espécie Combretum leprosum Mart. (Combretaceae) apresentou maior VI na margem do canal principal, Callisthene fasciculata (Spr.) Mart. (Vochysiaceae) na margem do canal principal e no terraço e Licania parvifolia Huber (Chrysobalanaceae), Cariniana estrellensis (Raddi) Kuntze. (Lecythidaceae) e Vochysia divergens Pohl. (Vochysiaceae) na planície de inundação. Os resultados indicaram que a frequência e, principalmente, o tempo de alagamento são os principais determinantes ecológicos da distribuição das espécies vegetais ao longo do perfil topográfico.

Tratamento cirúrgico da ginecomastia com pedículos lateral e medial

Ginecomastia é o aumento da mama masculina que pode acometer até 65% dos indivíduos deste sexo na fase infanto-puberal, compreendida entre 13 e 16 anos. Tem como principais causas hepatite ou cirrose hepática, carcinoma ou doenças inflamatórias pulmonares crônicas, carcinomas ou disfunções testiculares, tumores glandulares (pituitária, supra-renal), alterações dos níveis séricos de testosterona, síndromes genéticas (síndrome de Klinefelter, p.ex.), uso de drogas como heroína, maconha ou anabolizantes e hanseníase. Podemos classificar a ginecomastia quanto ao volume, quanto aos tecidos que a compõem (gordurosa ou pseudoginecomastia, glandular e mista), ou quanto ao tratamento necessário para sua correção cirúrgica (pequena, moderada e grave). O tratamento das formas mais graves de ginecomastia é muito diferente daquele aplicado às formas mais suaves, pois nas formas graves, além da ressecção dos tecidos gorduroso e glandular, existe a necessidade de ressecção da pele em excesso e o reposicionamento do complexo aréolo-mamilar. O objetivo deste trabalho é descrever uma técnica cirúrgica específica para estes pacientes portadores de formas graves de ginecomastia, através de dois pedículos dermogordurosos, um lateral e um medial, com aproximadamente 2cm de espessura, mantendo assim a nutrição do complexo aréolo-mamilar. Esses pedículos são delimitados entre as bissetrizes dos quadrantes súpero-lateral e ínfero-lateral, e súpero-medial e ínfero-medial, tendo o mamilo como vértice. Na área de pele excessiva periareolar, obtida através do pinçamento interdigital, é realizada a desepidermização dos pedículos lateral e medial e ressecção de toda pele e tecido celular subcutâneo até a fáscia peitoral nas regiões superior e inferior aos pedículos; a síntese é realizada em dois planos, sendo periareolar a cicatriz resultante. Foram operados com esta técnica vinte pacientes com forma grave de ginecomastia, com média etária de 23,3 anos; sendo seis pacientes da raça negra. O bom posicionamento do complexo aréolo-mamilar e uma cicatriz periareolar resultante, bem como a retirada de conteúdo suficiente, foram as principais vantagens observadas. Como complicações, tivemos assimetria das placas aréolo-mamilares em dois casos, nos quais havia acentuada diferença entre os dois lados na avaliação pré-operatória; cicatrização hipertrófica em um paciente da raça negra, cuja cicatriz foi atenuada com injeções intracicatriciais de triancinolona; necrose parcial de aréola em um caso, cuja ferida cicatrizou por segunda intenção, dispensando qualquer tratamento local posterior; deiscência de sutura periareolar em um caso, no qual foi feita a ressutura, com bom resultado, e quatro pacientes apresentaram coleção sero-hemática subcutânea, que foram drenadas e não apresentaram recidiva.

Tratamento cirúrgico do megacólon chagásico: retocolectomia abdominal com anastomose colorretal mecânica término-lateral

Trinta e cinco doentes portadores de megacólon chagásico foram operados pela técnica da retocolectomia abdominal com anastomose colorretal mecânica término-lateral durante o período de 1993 a 1997. Vinte (57,14%) doentes eram do sexo feminino e 15 (42,85%) do masculino. A idade variou de 27 a 76 anos, com média de 51 anos. A operação constou de ressecção do segmento dilatado, sepultamento do coto retal na altura da reflexão peritoneal com grampeador, dissecção do espaço retrorretal até o plano dos músculos elevadores e anastomose colorretal mecânica término-lateral posterior. Em quatro (11,42%) doentes a anastomose foi anterior. Em três (8,57%) doentes, o teste de escape da anastomose foi positivo, o que obrigou a complementação manual da sutura em dois (5,71 %) e sutura e ostomia derivativa em um (2,85%). Ocorreram sete (20,00%) complicações pós-operatórias precoces, sendo quatro consideradas relevantes (11,42%) e quatro (11,42%) complicações tardias. Houve um (2,85%) óbito por complicação clínica. Os doentes submetidos a colostomia foram reoperados para fechamento da mesma sem intercorrências. A totalidade dos doentes apresenta hábito intestinal normal. Não houve referências a alterações gênito-urinárias, nem a incontinência fecal. A anastomose foi tocada ou visibilizada em todos os pacientes examinados, durante o seguimento ambulatorial. Não houve casos de fecaloma no coto retal. Embora os resultados iniciais sejam bastante satisfatórios, é necessário maior tempo de observação para se avaliar a possibilidade de recidiva.

Anastomose esôfago-jejunal látero-lateral com grampeador linear cortante complementada por sutura manual

One of the most difficult procedures in digestive-tract surgery is esophago-jejunal anastomosis following total gastrectomy. Cost/benefit analysis of this procedure justifies the use of mechanical staplers, in spite of their high cost. A technical variant of the side-to-side esophago-jejunal anastomosis is presented, which incorporates the use of a cutting linear stapler. Technical maneuvers are easy to perform, the cost of the cutting linear stapler is smaller than the circular ones, the amplitude of the anastomosis is wider and the likelihood of fistulae is smaller when compared to other techniques. The side-to-side esophago-jejunal anastomosis with the cutting linear stapler is always complemented by a manual suture.

Duodenojejunostomia látero-lateral: uma alternativa cirúrgica para o tratamento do "dumping" pós gastrectomia

Most patients with partiaI gastrectomy have no postoperative problems. Some of them, however, develop severe nutritional disturbance, particularly those with Bilroth II reconstruction, which can be treated clinically in the majority of the cases. Those with important mal absorptive problems require surgery. In this article we present a technical alternative for those patients who need reintervention over a BII operation. Our technique has the advantage of not touching the duodenum previously sutured.

Modificação técnica da coledocoduodenostomia látero-lateral - análise dos resultados

OBJETIVO: Avaliar se a oclusão do colédoco distal se mantém no decorrer do tempo, nos pacientes submetidos a coledocoduodenostomia látero lateral com oclusão do colédoco distal. MÉTODO: Foram analisados 14 doentes submetidos à coledocoduodenostomia látero-lateral modificada por Fava, para prevenir a "Síndrome do Colédoco Distal", tratados de coledocolitíase não complicada. Os doentes avaliados encontravam-se em pós-operatório que variou de três meses até dez anos após a derivação bílio-digestiva. Os doentes foram analisados do ponto de vista clínico através da classificação de Visick, submetidos à dosagem de transanimases (AST e ALT), enzimas canaliculares (gama-GT e fosfatase alcalina), bilirrubinas e ao exame de colangioressonância. Os doentes que apresentaram alguma alteração nos exames citados, foram submetidos à CPRE para avaliação definitiva da via biliar, identificação e tratamento de eventuais complicações da coledocoduodenostomia RESULTADOS: Em 11 doentes (78,6%) foi identificada abertura da oclusão do colédoco distal. Quatro doentes com menos de um ano de pós-operatório; quatro, entre um e cinco anos; e três doentes com mais de cinco anos de coledocoduodenostomia. Três doentes (21,4%) apresentaram "Sump Syndrome" no período de três meses, nove meses e oito anos de pós-operatório respectivamente, sendo tratados com sucesso através de papilotomia endoscópica. CONCLUSÕES: Nos doentes tratados de coledocolitíase não complicada a oclusão do colédoco distal na coledocoduodenostomia modificada por Fava et al, não se mantém patente no decorrer do tempo, não evitando o aparecimento da "Síndrome do Colédoco Distal".

Hérnia encarcerada em orifício de trocarte lateral diagnosticada por tomografia computadorizada

Incisional hernia is an uncommon complication in laparoscopic surgery. The majority of the hernias are located in the umbilical site. Nevertheless, they can occur in the lateral trocar site, although they are rarely diagnosed. We report a case of a 55 year-old patient who underwent a videolaparoscopic hysterectomy and developed small bowel obstruction on the third postoperative day. This initially gave rise to the diagnosis of paralytic ileum. The definitive diagnosis of incarcerated hernia in the lateral trocar site was established after an abdominal computed tomography was performed.

Variação anatômica da artéria torácica interna lateral: relato de caso

The objective of this report was to describe a variation in the origin of the lateral internal thoracic artery (LITA), a variable large-caliber artery in the thoracic wall. This report presents a case in which a trunk coming from the subclavian artery (SCA) bifurcates and gives origin to the LITA and internal thoracic artery (ITA). This case demonstrates an unusual bilateral origin for the LITA, which emerges together with the ITA rather than directly from the SCA, as could be expected. Although such presentation is uncommon, the possibility that it could be damaged during surgical interventions such as thoracotomy and pleural drainage justifies our report .