激光二极管抽运Na，Yb共掺CaF2晶体自调Q激光特性的研究

利用激光二极管（LD）抽运新型Na．Yb共掺CaF2（Na．Yb：CaF2）晶体，获得了1．05μm的自调Q激光输出。利用透射率1％的耦合输出镜，得到最低激光输出的抽运阈值功率仅为70mW。在透射率为2％的输出镜条件下，得到最大输出激光功率为390mw，此时激光的斜度效率达到20%。实验详细记录了自调Q脉冲的周期和宽度随抽运功率的变化关系，随着抽运功率的增加，自调Q脉冲的周期和宽度呈指数衰减。同时，还采用单棱镜进行光谱调谐实验，获得了1036～1059nm的自调Q激光调谐输出。

Investigation of the spectroscopic properties of Yb3+-doped yttrium lanthanum oxide transparent ceramic

Spectroscopic properties of (Y0.9-xLa0.1Ybx)(2)O-3 transparent ceramic were studied. Two main absorption peaks of the specimen are centered at 940 and 970 nm, which are suitable for InGaAs laser diode pumping. The main emission peaks were located at 1032 and 1075 nm with larger emission cross-section and longer fluorescence lifetime than those of Yb:Y2O3. These properties of (Y0.9-xLa0.1Ybx)(2)O-3 transparent ceramic are favorable to achieve high efficiency and high power laser output. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Growth and spectral properties of Yb : FAP single crystal

In this paper, single crystal of ytterbium (Yb) doped Ca-5(PO4)(3)F (FAP) has been grown along the c-axis by using the Czochralski method. The segregation coefficients of Yb3+ in the Yb:FAP crystal has been determined by ICP-AES method. The absorption spectrum, fluorescence spectrum and fluorescence lifetime of the Yb:FAP crystal has been also measured at room temperature. In the absorption spectra, there are two absorption bands at 904 and 982 nm, respectively, which are suitable for InGaAs diode laser pumping. The absorption cross-section (sigma(abs)) is 5.117 x 10(-20) cm(2) with an FWHM of 4 nm at 982 nm. The emission cross-section is (sigma(em)) 3.678 x 10(-20) cm(2) at 1042 nm. Favorable values of the absorption cross-section at about 982 nm are promising candidates for laser diode (LD) pumping. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

High quantum fluorescence yield of Er3+ at 1.5 mu m in an Yb3+, Ce3+-codoped CaF2 crystal

For the first time, a quaternary doping system of Er3+, Yb3+, Ce3+, Na+:CaF2 single crystal was demonstrated to have high fluorescence yield in the eye-safe 1.5 mu m region under 980 nm laser diode pumping, with relatively broad and flat gain curves. A simplified model was established to illustrate the effect of Ce3+ on the branching ratio for the Er3+4I11/2 -> I-4(13/2) transition. With 0.2-at.% Er3+ and 2.0-at.% Ce3+ in the quaternary-doped CaF2 crystal, the branching ratio was estimated to be improved more than 40 times by the deactivating effect of Ce3+ on the Er3+ 4I11/2 level. The quaternary-doped CaF2, system shows great potential to achieve high laser performance in the 1.5 mu m region. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

高效室温下激光二极管泵浦Tm:YAP激光器

文章报道了室温下二极管泵浦Tm：YAP激光器，最大输出功率5.2瓦，波长为1981nm，斜率效率是30％。实验测量800nm左右晶体的吸收谱以及1800nm附近的荧光发射谱。此外，讨论了输出功率随晶体工作温度关系。

Yb:YAP与Yb:YAG晶体光谱性能比较

应用中频感应提拉法生长出掺杂浓度为10 at.-%的Yb:YAG与Yb:YAP晶体，对比了室温下两种晶体的吸收和发射光谱特性。结果表明，Yb:YAG晶体比Yb:YAP晶体有更好的激光性能和低的阈值；同时对比发现，Yb:YAP晶体的吸收截面是Yb:YAG晶体的2.16倍，它容易实现LD泵；由于Yb:YAP晶体的各向异性，它有轴向效应明显，它可以产生偏振激光。

导模法生长晶体研究进展

导模法是一种极具应用潜力的晶体生长方法,具有生长速度快,加工成本低的优点,广泛用于生长各种形状的晶体。对导模法的原理、特点和发展历史进行了简单介绍,着重论述了导模法在生长有形蓝宝石和硅晶体中的发展和应用,对目前导模法生长晶体过程中存在的问题做了简单的介绍。

Análise e identificação de produtos do catabolismo de heme nas formas epimastigotas de Trypanosoma cruzi

O Trypanosoma cruzi, agente etiológico da doença de Chagas, possui um ciclo de vida complexo, deve lidar com diversas condições do ambiente e depende dos hospedeiros para suprir suas necessidades nutricionais. Uma delas é a necessidade de captar a molécula de heme (Fe-protoporfirina IX) que será utilizada como fator de crescimento. Os mecanismos envolvendo o metabolismo de heme são cruciais para a sobrevivência do T. cruzi pois o parasito não possui várias enzimas de biossíntese dessa porfirina e o heme livre pode apresentar citotoxicidade para célula. Na tentativa de perseguir o destino final do heme no parasito, nós estudamos essa via inexplorada no T. cruzi. Nessa tese, nós demonstramos que epimastigotas cultivados com heme, produziram os compostos, α-meso hidroxiheme, verdoheme e biliverdina (identificados por HPLC acoplado á espectrofotômetria). Além disso, nós observamos através de análise dos extratos de epimastigotas no espectrômetro de massas (LQT Orbitrap), espécies iônicas de m/z 583,4 e m/z 619,3. A fragmentação subsequente desses íons originaram espécies filhas típicas das moléculas de biliverdina e verdoheme, respectivamente. Nós observamos também, espécies iônicas de m/z 1397,4 e m/z 1135,4. A fragmentação dessas espécies produziram íons, sendo um deles com a mesma massa molecular de heme (m/z 616,3). Essa espécie iônica por sua vez, gerou fragmentos iônicos idênticos a uma molécula de heme, confirmando que esses intermediários são produtos da modificação da porfirina. Baseado nesses resultados, nós propomos um modelo onde o catabolismo de heme em T. cruzi, envolveria a conjugação da bis(glutationil)spermina, um derivado da tripanotiona presente em tripanossomatídeos, à porfirina (m/z 1137,4), seguido da remoção de dois resíduos de ácidos glutâmicos (m/z 1135,4). Embora o significado bioquímico e fisiológico da adição desse resíduo tiol na molécula de heme ainda é pouco compreendido, alguns trabalhos demonstram a abilidade desses compostos em ligar na porfirina, sem contar também, que esse heme conjugado poderia resultar em uma forma efetiva de prevenção de danos à membrana e a célula ocasionados pelo acúmulo de heme livre. Em conjunto, esses resultados fornecem novas abordagens do metabolismo de heme em T. cruzi, revelando possíveis alvos de intervenção quimioterápica futuros. Nossa proposta está direcionada para uma via ativa de catabolismo de heme que inclui a adição de grupos tiol (derivado da tripanotiona) à heme e a clivagem do anel porfirínico originando a molécula de biliverdina.

Nonlinear pulse switching and compression in a dispersion-imbalanced loop mirror

The results of the high-quality nonlinear pulse compression of gain-switched laser diode pulses using a two-cascade compression scheme are presented. The scheme incorporates a dispersive delay line and a nonlinear pulse compressor based on a dispersion-imbalanced fiber loop mirror (DILM). It is demonstrated that the DILM can be also used for the pulse compression with a compression ratio of 10 or higher.

Picosecond pulse source for OTDM/WDM applications based on arrayed waveguide grating

A novel technique for high quality femtosecond pulse generation from a gain-switched laser diode by means of pulse compression and transformation in a compact nonlinear fiber device, based on a dispersion-imbalanced fiber loop mirror (DILM) is demonstrated. This source allows the generation of extremely high quality pulses as short as 270 fs on demand with strong suppression of pulse pedestals. Spectral filtering in arrayed waveguide grating (AWG) converts the device into a compact multiwavelength source of high-quality picosecond pulses for optical time division multiplexing/wavelength division multiplexing applications.

High-quality pulse compressor for WDM/OTDM applications

The paper reports the results of a high-quality pulse source incorporating a gain-switched laser diode followed by a novel compact two-cascade fibre compression scheme. The pulse compression scheme incorporates a dispersive delay line and a nonlinear pulse compressor based on a dispersion-imbalanced fibre loop mirror (DILM). We analyse and demonstrate for the first time significant improvement of the loop performance by means of the chirped pulse switching. As a result, the DILM provides high-quality nonlinear pulse compression as well as rejection of the nonsoliton component. In the experiment, 20ps pulses from a gain switched laser diode are compressed to a duration of 300fs at a repetition rate in range 70MHz-10GHz. The pulses are pedestal free and transform-limited. Spectral filtering of the output signal by means of a bandpass filter results in generation of wavelength-tuneable picosecond pulses with a duration defined by the filter bandwidth. Alternatively, signal filtering by an arrayed waveguide grating (AWG) results in multichannel picosecond pulse generation for WDM and OTDM applications. The pulse source is built of standard components and is of compact and potentially robust design.

Ultrashort superradiant pulse generation from a GaN/InGaN heterostructure.

Dicke superradiance from a two-section violet GaN/InGaN semiconductor laser diode is demonstrated for the first time. In the superradiance regime, optical pulses with peak powers in excess of 2.8 W and durations as short as 1.4 ps are generated at repetition rates of up to 10 MHz at the emission wavelength of 408 nm. The properties of superradiant pulse generation from these GaN/InGaN laser diodes are very similar to those reported for infrared AlGaAs/GaAs laser diodes.

Rapid quantification of total microcystins in cyanobacterial samples by periodate-permanganate oxidation and reversed-phase liquid chromatography

Microcystins (MCs) comprise a family of more than 80 related cyclic hepatotoxic heptapeptides. Oxidation of MCs causes cleavage of the chemically unique C-20 beta-amino acid (2S, 3S, 8S, 9S)-3-amino-9-methoxy-2,6,8-trimethyl-10-phenyldeca-4,6-dienoic acid (Adda) amino to form 2-methyl-3-methoxy-4-phenylbutanoic acid (MMPB), which has been exploited to enable analysis of the entire family. In the present study, the reaction conditions (e.g. concentration of the reactants. temperature and pH) used in the production of MMPB by oxidation of cyanobacterial samples with permanganate-periodate were optimized through a series of well-controlled batch experiments. The oxidation product (MMPB) was then directly analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection. The results of this study provided insight into the influence of reaction conditions on the yield of MMPB. Specifically, the optimal conditions, including a high dose of permanganate (>= 50 mM) in saturated periodate solution at ambient temperature under alkaline conditions (pH similar to 9) over 1-4 h were proposed, as indicated by a MMPB yield of greater than 85%. The technique developed here was applied to determine the total concentration of MCs in cyanobacterial bloom samples, and indicated that the MMPB technique was a highly sensitive and accurate method of quantifying total MCs. Additionally, these results will aid in development of a highly effective analytical method for detection of MMPB as an oxidation product for evaluation of total MCs in a wide range of environmental sample matrices, including natural waters, soils (sediments) and animal tissues. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Aberration correction for free space optical communications using rectangular zernike modal wavefront sensing

A time multiplexed rectangular Zernike modal wavefront sensor based on a nematic phase-only liquid crystal spatial light modulator and specially designed for a high power two-electrode tapered laser diode which is a compact and novel free space optical communication source is used in an adaptive beam steering free space optical communication system, enabling the system to have 1.25 GHz modulation bandwidth, 4.6° angular coverage and the capability of sensing aberrations within the system and caused by atmosphere turbulence up to absolute value of 0.15 waves amplitude and correcting them in one correction cycle. Closed-loop aberration correction algorithm can be implemented to provide convergence for larger and time varying aberrations. Improvement of the system signal-to-noise-ratio performance is achieved by aberration correction. To our knowledge, it is first time to use rectangular orthonormal Zernike polynomials to represent balanced aberrations for high power rectangular laser beam in practice. © 2014 IEEE.

Photoluminescence properties of tensile-strained GaAsP/GaInP single quantum wells grown by metal organic chemical vapor deposition

Tensile-strained GaAsP/GaInP single quantum well (QW) laser diode (I-D) structures have been grown by low-pressure metal organic chemical vapor deposition (LP-MOCVD) and related photoluminescence (PL) properties have been investigated in detail. The samples have the same well thickness of 16 nm but different P compositions in a GaAsP QW. Two peaks in room temperature (RT) PL spectra are observed for samples with a composition larger than 0.10. Temperature and excitation-power-dependent PL spectra have been measured for a sample with it P composition of 0.15. It is found that the two peaks have a 35 meV energy separation independent of temperature and only the low-energy peak exists below 85 K. Additionally, both peak intensities exhibit a monotonous increase as excitation power increases. Analyses indicate that the two peaks arise from the intrinsic-exciton recombination mechanisms of electron-heavy hole (e-hh) and electron-light hole (e-hh). A theoretical calculation based oil model-solid theory, taking, into account the spin-orbit splitting energy, shows good agreement with our experimental results. The temperature dependence of PL intensity ratio is well explained using the spontaneous emission theory for e-hh and e-hh transitions. front which the ratio can be characterized mainly by the energy separation between the fill and Ill states.