1000 resultados para K-Hyponormal
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[Traditions. Asie. Inde. État du Maharashtra. Dhule]
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[Traditions. Asie. Inde. Chhattisgarh. Raipur]
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A long-standing controversy is whether autophagy is a bona fide cause of mammalian cell death. We used a cell-penetrating autophagy-inducing peptide, Tat-Beclin 1, derived from the autophagy protein Beclin 1, to investigate whether high levels of autophagy result in cell death by autophagy. Here we show that Tat-Beclin 1 induces dose-dependent death that is blocked by pharmacological or genetic inhibition of autophagy, but not of apoptosis or necroptosis. This death, termed "autosis," has unique morphological features, including increased autophagosomes/autolysosomes and nuclear convolution at early stages, and focal swelling of the perinuclear space at late stages. We also observed autotic death in cells during stress conditions, including in a subpopulation of nutrient-starved cells in vitro and in hippocampal neurons of neonatal rats subjected to cerebral hypoxia-ischemia in vivo. A chemical screen of ~5,000 known bioactive compounds revealed that cardiac glycosides, antagonists of Na(+),K(+)-ATPase, inhibit autotic cell death in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, genetic knockdown of the Na(+),K(+)-ATPase α1 subunit blocks peptide and starvation-induced autosis in vitro. Thus, we have identified a unique form of autophagy-dependent cell death, a Food and Drug Administration-approved class of compounds that inhibit such death, and a crucial role for Na(+),K(+)-ATPase in its regulation. These findings have implications for understanding how cells die during certain stress conditions and how such cell death might be prevented.
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[Traditions. Asie. Inde. Province de Madras [i.e. Chennai]. État du Kérala. Kochi]
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Conté: ¿Irán, potencia nuclear?; El reto nuclear de Irán; Dos respuestas al reto nuclear; Con la vista puesta en Irán; La provocación nuclear norcoreana; Irán y la oferta de Obama
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Titre uniforme : [Fantaisies. Piano. KV 475. Do mineur]
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Échelle(s) : [1:1 337 000 environ], Lieues de France, de 25 au degré, 30 [= 9,8 cm]
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[Traditions. Asie. Inde. Présidence de Madras [i.e. Chennai]. Ceded Districts]
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[Traditions. Asie. Inde. Présidence de Madras [i.e. Chennai]. Etat du Kerala. Région du Malabar]
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[Traditions. Asie. Inde. Province de Madras [i.e. Chennai]. État du Kérala. Kochi]