Transatlantic Conflict and Cooperation Concerning Trade Issues. Jean Monnet/Robert Schuman Paper Series Vol. 14 No. 13, July 2014

From the Introduction. Transatlantic relations have undergone significant changes within the past twenty-five years. During the Cold War era, the United States and Western Europe were bound together by a perceived common threat from the Soviet Union. Consequently, economic issues commanded less attention than security issues. After the Cold War ended, economic issues were thought to be the glue that would hold the transatlantic relationship together. Much attention was given for several years to fostering economic cooperation through the development of intergovernmental initiatives. After the terrorist incidents of September 11, 2001 in the United States, and the subsequent wars in Iraq and Afghanistan, security issues again came to the forefront of the relationship. However, in contrast to the earlier era that was mainly characterized by close cooperation, disagreements between the United States and major countries of Western Europe about how to deal with the terrorist threat created severe strains in the relationship. By 2003, the third year of the George W Bush administration, transatlantic political relations had reached perhaps their lowest point since World War II. They have gradually improved since then, but with a significant setback from Wikileaks revelations, and even more serious strains resulting from the revelations by Edward Snowden concerning United States surveillance activities. Security issues have come to the forefront also in connection with regional unrest in the Middle East, EU nations’ dependence on Russian oil and gas, and Russian intrusions into Ukraine.

Homo Jihadicus. Islam in the former USSR and the phenomenon of the post-Soviet militants in Syria and Iraq. OSW REPORT 2015-09-21

The post-Soviet area, along with the countries of the Middle East, North Africa and Western Europe, have become one of the main global exporters of Islamic militants. Currently on the territory of Syria, and to a lesser extent of Iraq, there are several thousands of foreign fighters from the post-Soviet states. The causes of the war migration from the former USSR states to the Middle East have their roots in the dynamic changes taking place inside Islam in the post-Soviet area: primarily the growth of Salafism and militant Islam, as well as the internationalisation and globalisation of the local Islam. The deep political, economic, social and ideological changes which Muslims underwent after the collapse of the USSR, led to the creation of a specific group within them, for which Islam in its radical form became the main element of their identity. Homo sovieticus, without fully eradicating his Soviet part, became Homo jihadicus who not only identifies himself with the global Ummah, but is also ready to leave his country and join jihad beyond its borders in the name of the professed ideas.

European socialism : a history of ideas and movements from the industrial revolution to Hitler's seizure of power /

Bibliography: v.2. p. 1793-1824.

The Communist war on religion.

Mode of access: Internet.

Early cold war overflights, 1950-1956 : symposium proceedings /

Includes bibliographical references (v.2: p. 643-649).

Reports on the violation of the rights of nations and of the laws ans customs of war in Belgium.

[Vol. I] includes a preface by J. van den Heuvel, minister of state, reports 1-12, and extracts from the pastoral letter of Cardinal Mercier, archbishop of Malines; vol. II includes reports 13-22, with facsimiles of German soldiers' diaries, correspondence between Cardinal Mercier and the German authorities, the protest of Mgr. Heylen, bishop of Namur, etc., etc., appended.

U.S. policy on Iraq : hearings before the Committee on Armed Services, United States Senate, One Hundred Seventh Congress, second session, September 19, 23, 25, 2002.

Shipping list no.: 2003-0129-P.

Current Army issues : hearing before the Committee on Armed Services, United States Senate, One Hundred Eighth Congress, first session, November 19, 2003.

Distributed to some depository libraries in microfiche.

The military history of World War II.

Vols. 1-2 have title: The first book military history of World War II.

Low-intensity conflict : support for democratic resistance movements : report on a colloquium co-sponsored by the Center for the Study of Foreign Affairs, Foreign Service Institute, and the United States Army Command and General Staff College, 7 January 1988.

Mode of access: Internet.

Captain Sword and Captain Pen : an anti-war poem /

Mode of access: Internet.

Royal Cemetery, PG779, excavated artifact, #U.11164, Standard of Ur, front, War side

Ur (deserted settlement), Iraq; 8 1/2 in. x 1 ft. 7 1/2 in8 1/2 in. x 1 ft. 7 1/2 in.; shell, lapis lazuli, red limestone; set in bitumen

Royal Cemetery, PG779, excavated artifact, #U.11164, Standard of Ur, front, War side

Ur (deserted settlement), Iraq; shell, lapis lazuli, red limestone; set in bitumen

Royal Cemetery, PG779, excavated artifact, #U.11164, Standard of Ur, rear, War side

Ur (deserted settlement), Iraq; 1 ft. 7 1/2 in. x 8 1/2 in.; shell, lapis lazuli, red limestone; set in bitumen

Royal Cemetery, PG779, excavated artifact, #U.11164, Standard of Ur, front, Scenes of War: left portion

Ur (deserted settlement), Iraq; H: 8 1/2 in; shell, lapis lazuli, red limestone; set in bitumen