Experimental surgery of the facial nerve. Assessment of the intraperitoneal use of exogenous gangliosides

Compression and section of the facial nerve were performed in 48 rats in order to study the anatomopathological alterations occurring after daily intraperitoneal injections of 100 mg of exogenous gangliosides (Sinaxial®) for 45, 90, 180 days. In groups submitted to nerve compression, the histopathological changes were discrete and in the 180-day subgroups the nerve was practically normal. In animals submitted to section and neurorrhaphy there was formation of an amputation neuroma, a granuloma around the suture, axonal unstructuration and inter and perineural fibrosis. No significant differences were observed between the groups submitted or not to injection of exogenous gangliosides, indicating that the major factors involved in the quality of nerve regeneration were the technique and the formation of fibrosis and of an amputation neuroma.

Oral manifestations during chemotherapy for acute lymphoblastic leukemia: A case report

A 14-year-old, male patient was referred for the treatment of mucositis, idiopathic facial asymmetry, and candidiasis. The patient had been undergoing chemotherapy for 5 years for acute lymphoblastic leukemia. He presented with a swollen face, fever, and generalized symptomatology in the mouth with burning. On physical examination, general signs of poor health, paleness, malnutrition, and jaundice were observed. The extraoral clinical examination showed edema on the right side of the face and cutaneous erythema. On intraoral clinical examination, generalized ulcers with extensive necrosis on the hard palate mucosa were observed, extending to the posterior region. Both free and attached gingivae were ulcerated and edematous with exudation and spontaneous bleeding, mainly in the superior and inferior anterior teeth region. The tongue had no papillae and was coated, due to poor oral hygiene. The patient also presented with carious white lesions and enamel hypoplasia, mouth opening limitation, and foul odor. After exfoliative cytology of the affected areas, the diagnosis was mixed infection by Candida albicans and bacteria. Recommended treatment was antibiotics and antifungal administration, periodontal prophylaxis, topical application of fluor 1.23%, and orientation on and control of proper oral hygiene and diet during the remission phase of the disease.

Acute phase proteins in canine lymphoma during antineoplastic chemotherapy

The lymphoma is the main hematopoietic tumor in dogs and it is characterized by the proliferation of cells from lymphoid tissue, histiocytes and its precursors. Animals with lymphoma often show changes in biochemical and hematological parameters such as non-regenerative normochromic normocytic anemia, hemolytic anemia, hypocalcaemia and monoclonal gammopathy. The development of tumor can cause alterations in serum concentrations of acute phase proteins (APPs), consequent of hepatocytes stimulus by cytokines of inflammatory action. This study aimed to quantify and qualify APPs in dogs with lymphoma, at diagnosis time and during the time of chemotherapy sessions. After syneresis, centrifugation and fractioning the serum samples of 10 healthy and 10 dogs with lymphomas, the proteins fractions were separated by polyacrilamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and its concentrations were determined by computer densitometry. Between 18 and 30 proteins were separated by eletrophoresis, with molecular weights ranging from 18 to 245 kDa (kilodaltons). The alpha-1-glicoprotein acid (AGP) and transferrin serum concentration showed significantly higher in dogs with lymphoma, when compared with healthy dogs at diagnosis. The alpha-1-antitripsin (AAT) serum concentrations showed significantly higher in healthy dogs, when compared with dogs with lymphoma at diagnosis. The dogs with lymphoma the albumin did not appear as negative APP. On the other hand, transferrin appeared as positive AAP at diagnosis time and during the chemotherapy sessions. Healthy dogs had AAT serum concentrations significantly higher when compared to dogs with lymphoma at diagnosis. So, in this trial, it is suggested that this protein has been shown as a negative APP in the dogs with lymphoma. These dogs presented significantly higher AGP serum concentrations, in relation to healthy dogs at diagnosis, evidencing this protein APP positive behavior in neoplasm.

A Pilot Study Addressing the Impact of Religious Practice on Quality of Life of Breast Cancer Patients During Chemotherapy

The aim of this preliminary study was to investigate whether religious practice can modify quality of life (QoL) in BC patients during chemotherapy. QoL and religion practice questionnaire (RPQ) scores were evaluated in a sample of BC patients in different moments. Before chemotherapy initiation, women with lower physical and social functional scores displayed higher RPQ scores. On the other hand, low RPQ patients worsened some QoL scores over time. Body image acceptance was positively correlated with religious practice and specifically praying activity. This preliminary study suggests the importance of religion in coping with cancer chemotherapy. © 2011 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC.

Mathematical analysis and simulations involving chemotherapy and surgery on large human tumours under a suitable cell-kill functional response

Dosage and frequency of treatment schedules are important for successful chemotherapy. However, in this work we argue that cell-kill response and tumoral growth should not be seen as separate and therefore are essential in a mathematical cancer model. This paper presents a mathematical model for sequencing of cancer chemotherapy and surgery. Our purpose is to investigate treatments for large human tumours considering a suitable cell-kill dynamics. We use some biological and pharmacological data in a numerical approach, where drug administration occurs in cycles (periodic infusion) and surgery is performed instantaneously. Moreover, we also present an analysis of stability for a chemotherapeutic model with continuous drug administration. According to Norton & Simon [22], our results indicate that chemotherapy is less eficient in treating tumours that have reached a plateau level of growing and that a combination with surgical treatment can provide better outcomes.

Immunomodulatory effects of low dose chemotherapy and perspectives of its combination with immunotherapy

Given that cancer is one of the main causes of death worldwide, many efforts have been directed toward discovering new treatments and approaches to cure or control this group of diseases. Chemotherapy is the main treatment for cancer; however, a conventional schedule based on maximum tolerated dose (MTD) shows several side effects and frequently allows the development of drug resistance. On the other side, low dose chemotherapy involves antiangiogenic and immunomodulatory processes that help host to fight against tumor cells, with lower grade of side effects. In this review, we present evidence that metronomic chemotherapy, based on the frequent administration of low or intermediate doses of chemotherapeutics, can be better than or as efficient as MTD. Finally, we present some data indicating that noncytotoxic concentrations of antineoplastic agents are able to both up-regulate the immune system and increase the susceptibility of tumor cells to cytotoxic T lymphocytes. Taken together, data from the literature provides us with sufficient evidence that low concentrations of selected chemotherapeutic agents, rather than conventional high doses, should be evaluated in combination with immunotherapy. Copyright © 2012 UICC.

Efeito do laser terapêutico na mucosite induzida por 5-fluoruracila (5-FU) em hamsters

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Uso do LED vermelho em mucosite induzida por quimioterapia

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Aspectos clínico-laboratorias e inflamatórios da injeção intraperitoneal de lipopolissacarídeo (LPS) em equinos: efeitos da lidocaína

Pós-graduação em Cirurgia Veterinária - FCAV

Estudo da hemoglobina como adjuvante na infecção experimental de eqüinos, via intraperitoneal, com Escherichia coli e/ou Bacteroides fragilis

Pós-graduação em Medicina Veterinária - FCAV

Arbovírus Morumbi (Phlebovirus : Bunnyaviridae) - estudo histopatológico e imuno-histoquímico do fígado na infecção experimental em camundongos: comparação entre as vias cerebral, intraperitoneal e subcutânea

O vírus Morumbi é membro do sorogrupo Phlebotomus fever (família Bunyavírídae: gênero Phlebovírus) nativo da Região Amazônica. Seu vetor é desconhecido, mas supõem-se ser transmitido por flebotomíneos. Foi isolado em 1988 de ser humano apresentando quadro febril agudo. Este arbovírus, quando inoculado em camundongo por via cerebral, demonstrou viscerotropismo, induzindo inclusive lesões no fígado do animal inoculado. Com os objetivos de: i) estabelecer as características anátomo-patológicas e imuno-histoquímicas em fígado de camundongos albinos Swíss recém-nascidos experimentalmente infectados pelo vírus Morumbi; ii) verificar se o vírus apresenta hepatotropismo diferenciado na dependência de inoculação pelas vias cerebral, peritoneal ou subcutânea; iii) caracterizar detalhadamente os padrões anátomo-patológicos sequenciais no fígado; iv) demonstrar a localização do antígeno viral no tecido hepático ao longo da infecção experimental; v) estudar possíveis inter-relações entre os achados anátomo-patológicos e os imuno-histoquímicos. Foram estudados experimentalmente 71 camundongos Swíss recém-nascidos (dois e três dias), distribuídos ao final do experimento como segue: 21 animais inoculados por via intracerebral (IC), 21 por via intraperitoneal (IP) e 29 animais inoculados por via subcutânea (SC). Utilizou-se a dose infectante 5,0DL 50 /0,02ml de suspensão de vírus. Outros trinta, animais que não receberam inóculos, foram utilizados como grupo controle. Subgrupos de oito animais (seis inoculados e dois do grupo controle) foram sacrificados diariamente a intervalos de 24 em 24 horas, até 96 horas para os grupos IC e IP e até 120 horas para o grupo SC. Fragmentos de fígado de todos os animais foram fixados em solução de formalina neutra a 10%, incluídos em parafina, de onde foram obtidos cortes de 5 mm que foram corados pela técnica de hematoxilina-eosina para análise morfológica e, cortes adicionais, foram submetidos à técnica de imuno-histoquímica (Sistema Envision, DAKO, USA), utilizando a fosfatase alcalina e soro hiperimune do vírus Morumbi preparado em camundongos jovens, para detecção de antígeno viral. Foram estudados seis parâmetros de lesão em áreas portais e nove outros nos lóbulos, que foram semiquantificados numa escala que variou de zero (0) a três cruzes (+++), onde zero significou ausência de lesão e três cruzes lesão intensa. À microscopia óptica, ficou evidente que o vírus Morumbi inoculado em camundongos por três diferentes vias induz lesões em áreas portais e lobulares, caracterizando uma hepatite aguda com presença de corpúsculos acidófilos, semelhantes aos corpúsculos de Councilman -Rocha Lima, de distribuição irregular nos lóbulos, cujo aparecimento foi observado 24 horas pós-inoculação (p.i.) e atingiu o máximo de intensidade às 72 horas p.i. em animais inoculados por via IP. O exame imuno-histoquímico mostrou presença leve de antígeno viral a partir de 24 horas p.i. no grupo IC e a partir de 48 horas p.i. nos grupos IP e SC, havendo certo paralelismo em relação a intensidade de lesão morfológica, tendo- se observado o máximo de detecção de antígeno viral em animais inoculados por via IP e sacrificados às 72 horas p.i. A distribuição geral de antígeno foi observada especificamente nos lóbulos hepáticos, no citoplasma de hepatócitos íntegros e necrosados e no interior de células de Kupffer, não havendo preferência por nenhuma das três zonas do lóbulo. Concluiu-se que: i) o modelo de infecção experimental em camundongos foi excelente para o estudo das lesões causadas pelo vírus Morumbi, podendo ser selecionada a via IP como referencial; ii) em todas as vias utilizadas (IP, IC e SC) se confirmou a infecção pelo vírus Morumbi com marcante detecção de seu antígeno, no tecido hepático de camundongos Swiss; iii) a presença de antígeno do vírus Morumbi no fígado desses camundongos associou-se ao aparecimento de hepatite aguda, com necrose focal; iv)hepatite intensa pôde ser observada em fígado de camundongos sacrificados 72 h p.i. com o vírus Morumbi por via IP, o que não foi verificado com as outras duas vias; v) a hepatite aguda mostrou-se limitada, neste experimento, tendendo a desaparecer na maioria dos camundongos inoculados, com avançar das horas; vi) colestase não alteração freqüente na hepatite experimental pelo vírus Morumbi, quando inoculada por via IC, IP e SC; vii) o antígeno do vírus Morumbi teve predominância pela localização intracitoplasmática, padrão granular, nos hepatócitos e células de Kupffer; viii) antígeno viral foi detectado em fragmento hepático de animais experimentalmente inoculados com o vírus Morumbi, a partir das 24 horas via IC e a partir de 48 horas nas vias IP e SC.

Utilização do laser de baixa densidade (LILT) para tratamento da mucosite induzida em hamsters: comparação clínica e histopatológica entre parâmetros de irradiação

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)