Optimització del temps total d'escala d'aeronaus comercials

L'objectiu d'aquest projecte és analitzar com optimitzar el temps total d'escala d'una aeronau comercial, per tal de reduir els costos que suposa que l'aeronau estigui en terra. L'anàlisi es realitza a partir de conèixer quines són les operacions mínimes necessàries que cal dur a terme durant el tumaround i en quin ordre convé realitzar- les perquè el temps total sigui mínim. També s'estudien quins són els mètodes científics ja proposats i quins són els usats en l'actualitat. Fruit de l'estudi es proposa un model que permeti reduir els costos derivats de retards, afegint un temps addicional a l'escala, a partir de dades recollides de l'activitat comercial diària a l’aeroport de Barcelona. Dels resultats obtinguts es conclou que interessa afegir un buffer que absorbeixi possibles incidents, però convé que sigui dividit segons la franja horària del dia, per tal que s'adapti al màxim a les necessitats de cada vol, enlloc d'afegir un mateix buffer a tots els vols de qualsevol hora.

Proyecto de dirección de sistemas de información : Open Service Center

El objetivo de este proyecto, Open Service Center, ha consistido en la definición de la arquitectura para una plataforma integrada de herramientas de Software Libre que den soporte a la gestión de servicios TI de diferentes áreas de negocio.

Three years of haemovigilance in a general university hospital.

The aim of this study is to describe a newly implemented haemovigilance system in a general university hospital. We present a series of short cases, highlighting particular aspects of the reports, and an overview of all reported incidents between 1999 and 2001. Incidents related to transfusion of blood products were reported by the clinicians using a standard preformatted form, giving a synopsis of the incident. After analysis, we distinguished, on the one hand, transfusion reactions, that are transfusions which engendered signs or symptoms, and, on the other hand, the incidents where management errors and/or dysfunctions took place. Over 3 years, 233 incidents were reported, corresponding to 4.2 events for 1000 blood products delivered. Of the 233, 198 (85%) were acute transfusion reactions and 35 (15%) were management errors and/or dysfunctions. Platelet units gave rise to statistically (P < 0.001) more transfusion reactions (10.7 per thousand ) than red blood cells (3.5 per thousand ) and fresh frozen plasma (0.8 per thousand ), particularly febrile nonhaemolytic transfusion reactions and allergic reactions. A detailed analysis of some of the transfusion incident reports revealed complex deviations and/or failures of the procedures in place in the hospital, allowing the implementation of corrective and preventive measures. Thus, the haemovigilance system in place in the 'Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, CHUV' appears to constitute an excellent instrument for monitoring the security of blood transfusion.

La Policia i la seguretat en els espais públics

La seguretat en els espais públics és un element determinant per als nivells de seguretat de les nostres societats. Els incidents que afecten aquesta seguretat no són únicament actes delictius, sinó sovint les conductes incíviques o desordenades i els conflictes que tenen el seu lloc d’expressió en els espais públics. La seguretat subjectiva de les persones ve donada per un conjunt de factors personals i socials i que, sovint, tenen poc a veure amb la delinqüència i molt amb aquelles situacions que els fan més difícil, més feixuga la seva vida quotidiana, precisament en l’ús d’aquests espais. La policia té com a gran repte aconseguir que els espais públics ofereixin prou garanties als ciutadans perquè hi puguin dur a terme de manera raonablement segura les seves activitats derivades de les seves obligacions i de les seves necessitats o preferències personals. La intervenció policial necessitarà d’un ús excel•lent de la discrecionalitat policial (una aplicació rígida i massiva de la normativa de vegades pot agreujar els problemes), i d’una actuació efectiva davant de les activitats delictives, de les activitats incíviques i dels conflictes que afecten els espais públics. Però aquesta actuació haurà sempre d’anar acompanyada d’altres actuacions d’altres actors que incideixin en els elements que afavoreixen l’aparició de les conductes desviades o pertorbadores.

Improving patient safety: how and why incidences occur in nursing care

The present investigation was a cross-sectional, quantitative research study analyzing incidents associated with nursing care using a root-cause methodological analysis. The study was conducted in a public hospital intensive care unit (ICU) in Santiago de Chile and investigated 18 incidents related to nursing care that occurred from January to March of 2012. The sample was composed of six cases involving medications and the self-removal of therapeutic devices. The contributing factors were related to the tasks and technology, the professional work team, the patients, and the environment. The analysis confirmed that the cases presented with similar contributing factors, thereby indicating that the vulnerable aspects of the system are primarily responsible for the incidence occurrence. We conclude that root-cause analysis facilitates the identification of these vulnerable points. Proactive management in system-error prevention is made possible by recommendations.

Children and adolescents on hemodialysis: attributes associated with quality of life


The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence and factors associated with the occurrence of incidents related to medication, registered in the medical records of patients admitted to a Surgical Clinic, in 2010. This is a cross-sectional study, conducted at a university hospital, with a sample of 735 hospitalizations. Was performed the categorization of types of incidents, multivariate analysis of regression logistic and calculated the prevalence. The prevalence of drug-related incidents was estimated at 48.0% and were identified, as factors related to the occurrence of these incidents: length of hospitalization more than four days, prescribed three or more medications per day and realization of surgery intervention. It is expected to have contributed for the professionals and area managers can identify risky situations and rethink their actions.


Research priorities for nursing care of infants, children and adolescents: a West Australian Delphi study.

This paper describes a study that aimed to identify research priorities for the care of infants, children and adolescents at the sole tertiary referral hospital for children in Western Australia. The secondary aim was to stimulate nurses to explore clinical problems that would require further inquiry. Background. Planning for research is an essential stage of research development; involving clinicians in this exercise is likely to foster research partnerships that are pertinent to clinical practice. Nursing research priorities for the paediatric population have not previously been reported in Australia. Design. Delphi study. Method. Over 12 months in 2005-2006, a three-round questionnaire, using the Delphi technique, was sent to a randomly selected sample of registered nurses. This method was used to identify and prioritise nursing research topics relevant to the patient and the family. Content analysis was used to analyse Round I data and descriptive statistics for Round II and III data. Results. In Round I, 280 statements were identified and reduced to 37 research priorities. Analysis of data in subsequent rounds identified the top two priority research areas as (1) identification of strategies to reduce medication incidents (Mean = 6 center dot 47; SD 0 center dot 88) and (2) improvement in pain assessment and management (Mean = 6; SD 1 center dot 38). Additional comments indicated few nurses access the scientific literature or use research findings because of a lack of time or electronic access. Conclusions. Thirty-seven research priorities were identified. The identification of research priorities by nurses provided research direction for the health service and potentially other similar health institutions for children and adolescents in Australia and internationally. Relevance to clinical practice. The nurse participants showed concern about the safety of care and the well-being of children and their families. This study also enabled the identification of potential collaborative research and development of pain management improvement initiatives.

Understanding child neglect in a gender context: a study performed in a Brazilian city

OBJECTIVETo describe the phenomenon of child neglect and understand it in a gender context.METHODRetrospective, quantitative, and exploratory study that analyzed reports of violence by a child and adolescent protection network in a Brazilian city. The theoretical and methodological basis applied was TIPESC (Theory of Nursing Praxical Intervention in Collective Health), with a gender emphasis.RESULTSNeglect of children under the age of ten represents more than half the reports received over all the years studied; more boys than girls suffered neglect and 41.4% of the reports of neglect involved children under than age of three; women were identified as being solely responsible in 67.9%, and as accessories in 17.3% of the incidents reported.CONCLUSIONChild neglect is a complex matter, the gender subordinate status inflicted on these children and their mothers who are responsible for their care underscore the social vulnerability of this group.

Riesgo de fractura asociado a los estadios previos al diagnóstico de la diabetes tipo 2: estudio de caso-control anidado (cohorte DIAFOS)

El objetivo es comparar la prevalencia de fractura en casos incidentes de diabetes y en controles apareados. Estudio casos-control que incluye todos los pacientes diabéticos tipo 2 diagnosticados entre 2006-2011 y dos controles sin diabetes. Se identificaron fracturas y enfermedad cardiovascular prevalentes, calculando prevalencias de fracturas osteoporóticas, mayores y de cadera, y de enfermedad cardiovascular. Se identificaron 58931 diabéticos y 117862 controles. Los diabéticos presentaban mayor prevalencia de accidente cerebro-vascular y de cardiopatía isquémica. Las prevalencias de fracturas osteoporóticas, de cadera y mayores fue similar en ambos grupos. En conclusión el riesgo de fractura es similar al de los controles no diabéticos.

Locating emergency services with different priorities: The priority queuing covering location problem

Previous covering models for emergency service consider all the calls to be of the sameimportance and impose the same waiting time constraints independently of the service's priority.This type of constraint is clearly inappropriate in many contexts. For example, in urban medicalemergency services, calls that involve danger to human life deserve higher priority over calls formore routine incidents. A realistic model in such a context should allow prioritizing the calls forservice.In this paper a covering model which considers different priority levels is formulated andsolved. The model heritages its formulation from previous research on Maximum CoverageModels and incorporates results from Queuing Theory, in particular Priority Queuing. Theadditional complexity incorporated in the model justifies the use of a heuristic procedure.

Indisciplina na escola : compreender para prevenir : um estudo com alunos do 7º e 9º anos de Cabo Verde

A indisciplina na escola é um tema educativo de atualidade e uma preocupação daqueles que estão ligados à educação, quer seja de uma forma direta ou indireta: professores, alunos, pais ou encarregados de educação. O presente estudo teve como objetivo geral conhecer as representações que os alunos do 7º e 9º anos de escolaridade têm acerca da indisciplina na escola. Com as nove questões de investigação formuladas, pretendeu-se averiguar a distribuição dos alunos pela disrupção, vitimização e agressão na escola, e, ainda, analisar as diferenças em função do género e do ano de escolaridade nos comportamentos de disrupção, vitimização e agressão na escola. A amostra foi constituída por 240 alunos do 7º e 9º anos de escolaridade de uma escola secundária de Cabo Verde. Para se proceder à avaliação dos comportamentos disruptivos foi utilizada a Escala de Disrupção Escolar Professada pelo Aluno, desenvolvida por Veiga (1996, 2012). Foi também utilizada a escala Peer Victimization Scale, adaptada para Portugal por Veiga (2008), que permitiu avaliar comportamentos de agressor e de agredido. Os resultados indicaram uma disrupção escolar não elevada. Em termos diferenciais, de uma forma geral, os alunos do 7º ano foram mais disruptivos que os do 9º ano; os alunos do sexo masculino revelaram ser mais disruptivos que os do sexo feminino. Em relação à escala de vitimização, os resultados obtidos permitiram encontrar ocorrências de vitimização, sendo a mais frequente a verbal; nesta escala os alunos do sexo masculino foram mais vítimas do que os do sexo feminino; os alunos do 7º ano revelaram ser mais vítima do que os do 9º. Relativamente à escala de agressão, os resultados permitiram observar que não houve registo elevado de ocorrências; nesta escala os alunos do sexo masculino revelaram ser mais agressores do que os alunos do sexo feminino; os alunos do 7º ano revelaram ser mais agressores do que os do 9º ano. Os resultados aproximam-se de outros estudos semelhantes e sugerem a necessidade de novas investigações com amostras mais heterogéneas, envolvendo outros anos de escolaridade.

Travail et fragilisation : L'organisation et le travail en question

Fragilisé dans son statut et dans son savoir, constamment exposé à une redéfinition de son travail, l'individu contemporain est de moins en moins en mesure de s'assurer de son identité sociale par une identité professionnelle, alors même que les exigences d'implication de soi dans son emploi sont de plus en plus élevées. Comment, en tant que société, ferons-nous face à ce cocktail explosif : d'une part, une extériorité croissante de l'individu à la mission qu'il remplit en tant qu'elle lui est de plus en plus étrangère; et d'autre part, l'exigence, déterminée par l'impératif de rentabilité, de son engagement total dans la réalisation de son travail dont il sait par ailleurs qu'il peut disparaître du jour au lendemain à la faveur d'une restructuration des processus de travail ou de licenciements économiques? Enorme question dans laquelle se joue, sans doute, une part décisive de notre avenir en tant que société : car si, demain, le travail cesse déjouer le rôle intégrateur qu'il a joué depuis la naissance de l'économie industrielle, qu'est-ce qui fera tenir ensemble les individus-travailleurs que nous sommes devenus ?Au travers d'une pluralité de regards disciplinaires allant de la psychologie du travail aux transformations de l'organisation du travail induites par la ©-entreprise en passant par la médecine du travail, la pédagogie, la sociologie des métiers, les contributions réunies ici explorent les mutations récentes advenues dans le travail - en tant qu'il constitue, aujourd'hui encore, le "fait social total ". Le souci commun en est d'interroger la place que le processus organisationnel le plus récent "ménage" à l'individu. Il en est aussi de sonder les stratégies élaborées par celui-ci pour s'y construire et s'y préserver malgré tout, malgré les casses. Sont ainsi offerts différents regards sur la difficulté de l'individu à se forger une place; à conquérir l'estime de soi et de ses semblables par son apport au procès de la production sociale, aussi incontournable qu'impossible. Le présent volume rassemble la majeure partie des contributions présentées dans le cadre d'un cycle de conférences mis sur pied par le Département interfacultaire d'éthique de l'Université de Lausanne et la Haute école de gestion de Neuchâtel au cours des années académiques 2000-2002.

Implementation of a medical command and control team in Switzerland.

In case of a major incident or disaster, the advance medical rescue command needs to manage several essential tasks simultaneously. These include the rapid deployment of ambulance, police, fire and evacuation services, and their coordinated activity, as well as triage and emergency medical care on site. The structure of such a medical rescue command is crucial for the successful outcome of medical evacuation at major incidents. However, little data has been published on the nature and structure of the command itself. This study presents a flexible approach to command structure, with two command heads: one emergency physician and one experienced paramedic. This approach is especially suitable for Switzerland, whose federal system allows for different structures in each canton. This article examines the development of these structures and their efficiency, adaptability and limitations with respect to major incident response in the French-speaking part of the country.

The Spirit Lake Massacre,1918.

This is the story of the Spirit Lake Massacre of 1857, written by Thomas Teakle. The massacre came as the culminating episode of incidents intimately connected with the settlement of northern and western Iowa.

Characterizing emission and breathing-zone concentrations following exposure cases to fluororesin-based waterproofing spray mists.

Measurements and simulations were performed to assess workers' exposure to solvent vapors and aerosols during the waterproofing of a tiled surface. This investigation followed two recent incidents in the same company where workers experienced acute respiratory illness after spraying a stain-repellent resin containing fluorinated polymers on stone-tiled walls and floors. Because the waterproofing activity had been done for years at the tile company without encountering any exposure problems prior to these cases, it was strongly suspected that the incidents were linked to a recent change in the composition of the coating mixture. Experimental measurements and simulations indicated that the emission rate of particles smaller than 10 microm may be estimated at 0.66 mg/sec (SD 0.10) for the old resin and at 0.37 mg/sec (SD 0.04) for the new one. The measurement of the solvent emission rate from surfaces coated with the two resins indicated that shortly after spraying, the emission was in the range of 18 to 20 mg/sec x m2 and was similar for both products. Solvent and overspray emission rates were introduced in a two-zone compartment model. The results obtained in the near-field indicate significant exposure to overspray mist (7 and 34 mg/m3 for new resin) and solvent vapors (80 to 350 ppm for the new resin). It was also shown that the introduction of the new resin tended to significantly decrease the levels of solvents and particulates in the workers' breathing zone. These results strongly suggest that cases of acute respiratory illness are related to the specific toxicity of the fluorinated polymer itself. The fact that the same polymer is used in various commercial products raises concern regarding other possible occupational and domestic exposures.