Stricter regulation boosts exports: the case of Maximum Residue Levels in pesticides

Constructing an original panel on Maximum Residue Levels (MRLs) in pesticides for 50 countries over 2006-2012, this paper studies the effect of heterogeneity in MRL regulation on bilateral trade. We find evidence of regulatory heterogeneity diminishing trade at the extensive margin when the exporter faces more stringent regulation abroad, suggesting compliance costs in entering the destination market. Significantly, however, we also find strong evidence of regulatory heterogeneity increasing trade at the intensive margin for exports coming from countries that set the strictest standards, alluding to the positive informative effect of such regulation.

(Table 1) Calcium carbonate and <2 µm fractions of bulk sample and insoluble residue at DSDP Hole 92-597

Particles of red brown to yellow brown semiopaque oxides (RSO) dominate the insoluble residue fraction of the sediments at Site 597. Unlike the X-ray amorphous particles in the Bauer Deep sediments, these particles are composed of mainly goethite; the amount of X-ray amorphous ferric hydroxide and poorly crystalline ferromanganese oxyhydroxides is generally small relative to the amount of goethite. A qualitative goethite crystallinity index was established. The variations observed in the crystallinity of goethite with increasing depth and changes in lithology suggest that aging and long-term exposure to seawater in a high water/sediment regime influence and increase the rate of recrystallization of the Fe-oxyhydroxides of the RSO particles. The percentage of organic carbon is low in these sediments; it varies primarily between 0.2 and 0.4 wt.%. Phillipsite is present throughout the sediment column and is more concentrated in the youngest clay layer and in the oldest basal sediments.

Forest harvest, residue treatment, reforestation and protection of water quality /

Tables.

Insecticide application equipment for the control of insects of public health importance /

Mode of access: Internet.

Mineral recovery from the noncombustible fraction of municipal solid waste : a proposed project to demonstrate incinerator residue recovery /

This report was written on work performed under Federal solid waste management demonstration grant no. S-801535 awarded to Lowell, Mass. in October, 1972, and cancelled at the request of the grantee in July, 1975.

The prevention of cobalticyanide poisoning of ion exchange resins used on South African gold ore residue leach liquors /

"Date Declassified: September 23, 1955."

Evaluation of the Bell 205A-1 turbojet helicopter and spray system for forest application of insecticide /

"GPO 990-424"--P. [4] of cover.

Three year results on the performance of incinerator residue in a bituminous base /

Mode of access: Internet.

Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act [microform] : hearing before the Subcommittee on Department Operations, Research, and Foreign Agriculture of the Committee on Agriculture, House of Representatives, Ninety-seventh Congress, second session, on H.R. 5203.

"Serial no. 97-R."

Thimet diethione insecticide technical manual.

Cover title: Thimet insecticide technical manual.