Identificação de padrões de uso do solo urbano em São Paulo/SP utilizando parâmetros de variogramas.

As imagens de alta resolução espacial impulsionaram os estudos de Sensoriamento Remoto em ambientes urbanos, já que elas permitem uma melhor distinção dos elementos que compõem esse ambiente tão heterogêneo. Técnicas de Geoestatística são cada vez mais utilizadas em estudos de Sensoriamento Remoto e o variograma é uma importante ferramenta de análise geoestatística, pois permitem entender o comportamento espacial de uma variável regionalizada, neste caso, os níveis de cinza de uma imagem de satélite. O presente trabalho pretende avaliar a proposta metodológica que consiste em identificar padrões residenciais urbanos de três classes de uso e ocupação do solo por meio da análise dos valores apresentados pelos parâmetros, alcance, patamar e efeito pepita de um variograma. A hipótese é que os valores correspondentes a esses parâmetros representem o comportamento espectral padrão de cada classe e, portando, indicam que há um padrão na organização espacial de cada uma das classes. Para a presente pesquisa foram utilizadas imagem IKONOS 2002, e a classificação de uso e ocupação do solo da sub-bacia do córrego Bananal na bacia do Rio Cabuçu de Baixo em São Paulo SP. Amostras das imagens de cada classe foram extraídas e os valores de nível de cinza em cada pixel foram utilizados para calcular os variogramas. Após análise dos resultados obtidos, apenas o parâmetro alcance foi levado em consideração, pois é através desse parâmetro que se observa o grau de homogeneidade de cada amostra. Os valores de alcance obtidos nos cálculos dos variogramas identificaram com melhor precisão a classe Conjuntos Residenciais que é uma classe com padrões e características singulares, já a identificação das classes Ocupação Densa Regular e Ocupação Densa Irregular não obteve uma precisão boa, sendo que essas classes são similares em diversos aspectos.

HUD guarantee of tax-exempt hospital financing : hearing before the Subcommittee on Housing and Community Development of the Committee on Banking, Finance, and Urban Affairs, House of Representatives, Ninety-sixth Congress, first session, May 17, 1979.

"Serial no. 96-21."

Disapproving and invalidating HUD regulations concerning section 8 : hearing before the Subcommittee on Housing and Community Development of the Committee on Banking, Finance, and Urban Affairs, House of Representatives, Ninety-sixth Congress, first session, on H.J. Res. 424 ... October 30, 1979.

"Serial no. 96-36."

Guideline for residential building systems inspection /

"HUD-PDR-935."--p. [4] of cover.

Urban homesteading and HUD-owned abandoned homes : hearing before the Subcommittee on Housing and Community Development of the Committee on Banking, Finance and Urban Affairs, House of Representatives, Ninety-seventh Congress, second session, June 24, 1982.

Mode of access: Internet.

Investigation of standards, performance characteristics, and evaluation criteria for thermoplastic piping in residential plumbing systems /

"Sponsored by Office of Policy Development and Research, Department of Housing and Urban Development."

Disposition of HUD-held properties : hearing before the Subcommittee on Housing and Community Development of the Committee on Banking, Finance, and Urban Affairs, House of Representatives, Ninety-seventh Congress, second session, June 2, 1982.

Mode of access: Internet.

HUD field reorganization, RIF's and pending legislation : hearing before the Subcommittee on Housing and Community Development of the Committee on Banking, Finance, and Urban Affairs, House of Representatives, Ninety-seventh Congress, second session, September 21, 1982.

Item 1013-A, 1013-B (microfiche)

2008 application guidelines : Community Development Assistance Program : competitive housing rehabilitation.

The following activities are specifically identified as ineligible. 1. Construction of buildings, or portions thereof, used predominantly for the general conduct of government (e.g., city halls, courthouses, jails, police stations). 2. General government expenses. 3. Costs of operating and maintaining public facilities and services (e.g., mowing parks, replacing street light bulbs). 4. Servicing or refinancing of existing debt.

2009 application guidelines : Community Development Assistance Program : competitive housing rehabilitation.

The following activities are specifically identified as ineligible. 1. Construction of buildings, or portions thereof, used predominantly for the general conduct of government (e.g., city halls, courthouses, jails, police stations). 2. General government expenses. 3. Costs of operating and maintaining public facilities and services (e.g., mowing parks, replacing street light bulbs). 4. Servicing or refinancing of existing debt.

Section 232 mortgage insurance for residential care facilities (nursing homes, intermediate care facilities, and board and care homes.

"Replaces HUD handbook 4600.1 dated July, 1973."

Sewer stoppage experience in Springfield, Missouri, 1956-1960; special report no. 1 of the Residential Sewerage Research Project tot eh Federal Housing Administration.

Mode of access: Internet.

UK social housing and housing market in England:a statistical review and trends

Around 80% of the 63 million people in the UK live in urban areas where demand for affordable housing is highest. Supply of new dwellings is a long way short of demand and with an average annual replacement rate of 0.5% more than 80% of the existing residential housing stock will still be in use by 2050. A high proportion of owner-occupiers, a weak private rental sector and lack of sustainable financing models render England’s housing market one of the least responsive in the developed world. As an exploratory research the purpose of this paper is to examine the provision of social housing in the United Kingdom with a particular focus on England, and to set out implications for housing associations delivering sustainable community development. The paper is based on an analysis of historical data series (Census data), current macro-economic data and population projections to 2033. The paper identifies a chronic undersupply of affordable housing in England which is likely to be exacerbated by demographic development, changes in household composition and reduced availability of finance to develop new homes. Based on the housing market trends analysed in this paper opportunities are identified for policy makers to remove barriers to the delivery of new affordable homes and for social housing providers to evolve their business models by taking a wider role in sustainable community development.

Historical development of residential segregation and black housing quality in Dade County

This paper examines the relationship between the historical development of residential segregation in Black areas of Dade County and the level of housing quality in those areas. Previous literature studies the effect of hypersegregation on housing quality. Instead, this paper analyzes the nature of each Black community and the social process by which they became segregated in contrast with only hypersegregation being considered. Data were drawn from the 1990 Census of Housing and Population at the block group level for Dade County. Two indicators for housing quality were considered: crowding and rent. Six categories for Black areas in Dade County and one residual category were developed for the analysis. Regression's results show that the effect of each community on housing quality varies. For example, overcrowding goes down in first-ghetto areas when compared to second-ghetto areas, although the percentage of Blacks in both communities is about the same. ^

Urban intervention in Vila da Barca, Belem, Brazil: Achieving an adequate shelter

Low-income settlements have high incidences of social and environmental problems due to lack of government intervention; low-income settlements usually rely on community organizations or non-governmental entities to survive. In order to improve the quality of life in these communities, urban upgrading plans must be designed to achieve adequate living conditions. ^ This thesis proposes an urban intervention plan for a low-income settlement called Vila da Barca. This thesis contains three document parts. The first part defines the country, city, and settlement background, including housing and urban issues. The second part contains information gathered from case studies and theories on how similar urban cities around the world have solved their urban development problems. Lastly, the third part proposes a residential development plan that enhances the citizen's needs, such as shelter and safety. The proposed set of criteria applicable to Vila da Barca will serve as an example for other urban intervention projects. ^