Forma����o de professores para o ensino inicial da leitura e da escrita, na d��cada de 1880, em S��o Paulo-Brasil

Funda����o de Amparo �� Pesquisa do Estado de S��o Paulo (FAPESP)

Mudan��as nos livros did��ticos do aluno e do professor: o 1�� ano das s��ries iniciais e o movimento da matem��tica moderna

Este trabalho visa explorar o ensino da matem��tica por meio da an��lise de livros did��ticos do aluno e do professor entre as d��cadas de 1960 e 1980, focando o 1�� ano do ensino prim��rio, atual fundamental I. Iniciamos por uma revis��o bibliogr��fica sobre o contexto hist��rico, desde a introdu����o do livro na sociedade at�� a utiliza����o do mesmo para o ensino na ��rea da matem��tica. A pesquisa tentar�� retratar brevemente, a história da educação e da educação matem��tica no Brasil, as diferentes concep����es de ensino da ��poca em quest��o, ou seja, entre as d��cadas de 1960 e 1980, onde houve o ��pice e o decl��nio do Movimento da Matem��tica Moderna. Por fim, este trabalho buscar�� explorar de maneira panor��mica, se ocorreram mudan��as nos conte��dos no ensino da matem��tica por meio da an��lise de livros did��ticos do aluno e do professor no 1�� ano das s��ries iniciais e relatar quais foram essas mudan��as. Utilizar-se-�� como metodologia a an��lise de livros did��ticos como um objeto pertencente �� história cultural, com um enfoque na an��lise s��cio-hist��rica, na an��lise formal ou discursiva e, finalmente, interpreta����o/ reinterpreta����o.

Ensino fundamental de nove anos: um breve panorama de sua implanta����o no munic��pio de Pirassununga

Pela Lei Federal n�� 11.274/2006, promulgada em seis de fevereiro de 2006, o ensino fundamental no Brasil passa a ter a dura����o de nove anos, com a inclus��o de crian��as de seis anos de idade. O objetivo desta Lei �� assegurar um tempo maior de conv��vio escolar e maiores oportunidades de aprendizagem, principalmente ��s crian��as pertencentes aos setores populares. O presente trabalho tem por objetivo analisar a lei que estende a obrigatoriedade, do ensino fundamental e tra��ar um panorama deste processo de amplia����o no munic��pio de Pirassununga, buscando conhecer sua trajet��ria, bem como os aspectos positivos e negativos oriundos da nova legisla����o. Para alcan��ar os objetivos propostos a pesquisa se desenvolveu a partir de levantamento bibliogr��fico, bem como no levantamento de dados e informa����es acerca do munic��pio de Pirassununga e tamb��m atrav��s de documentos oficiais, entrevista do tipo semi-estruturada, e pesquisa em sites governamentais, relacionados com o tema. A amplia����o do ensino fundamental para nove anos culmina numa amplia����o de direitos, ainda que t��mida, que vem sendo perseguida ao longo da história da educação brasileira. Entretanto, esta amplia����o tem suscitado in��meros questionamentos e criticas ao que refere a qualidade do ensino e a preocupa����o com os aportes financeiros

M��todo Pilates: equil��brio perfeito entre corpo e mente?

Taking as base the Brazilian Physical Education History, it���s possible to observe how much the recognizable corporal activity as smooth and alternative, giving origin to non traditional ways to move the body that receives the name of ���alternative corporal practices��� has increased lately. Therefore this research was done with objective to raise interest and stimulate physical educational professional and general interested people knowledge to the work of a corporal approach called ���Pilates Method���. Based on a bibliographic research in sites, articles, and books about Pilates method, alternative corporal practices and physical education history, we tried to gather, in one material, important information about Pilates method. To organize the material here shown, we guided ourselves on the collection of UNESP��s library and on Pilates methods training courses about which were made references in the body text and were mentioned the bibliographic reference for further profound study of interested people. We hope that Physical Educational professionals and further interested people find in this conclusion course work that intends to contribute to the method divulgation assistance for higher and deeper knowledge concerning to the origin, principles and possibilities of practical appliance pedagogy of Pilates Methods.

A utiliza����o de jogos l��dico-did��ticos no ensino de l��ngua inglesa

Nowadays the accelerated development arising from globalization and the interrelation of the nations, the great increase in communication between different countries and the necessity for knowledge in different linguistic structures, the interest in learning a foreign language is crescent, and thinking about it, this work has the scope to verify how young and adult learners of a foreign language, in this case English, behave, that is, how best to develop the four language skills of the language: listening, writing, speaking, and reading and how the use of recreational and educational games can help this dichotomy between teaching-learning. The present research, theoretical and analytical basis, aims to make a study on how fun games can influence the teaching and learning of English in an audience of young and adult people and that includes a study of how human history has evolved, more precisely, as history of education was influenced by the playful and how the human mind also becomes over time. Nowadays, the playful is a tool that has been widely used pedagogically in teaching foreign languages and every day opens new manners and ways of teaching languages, always with its array of spaced more possibilities. Under this assumption, the focus of this research is discover how the use of recreational and educational games may influence grammar greater understanding and language development of young and adults students in learning English, and also what better way to introduce these games, that is, a contextualized content being discussed each time during the school way, so that the games may be, of course, used for relaxation of the students, but also (and especially) for their intellectual growth and language development

A democratiza����o do ensino fundamental de 06 a 14 anos: que concep����o de democracia tem sido adotada nas leis federais?

P��s-gradua����o em Educação - IBRC

Escolas p��blicas no campo: retrospectiva e perspectivas em um contexto de projetos pol��ticos em disputa

In present article, we present reflections on the process of closing public schools in the countryside in Brazil. Through bibliographical survey, as well as documental research, we carried out a retrospective analysis of the historical moment in which the implementation of policies of mass education directed to people living in rural areas occurs. We have also sought to raise socio-political-economic aspects of the moment in which the process of closing these schools is intensified. The results obtained suggest possible implications of this closure policy, in addition to indicating some of the challenges posed to the public policy of education in the country; for example, the Brazilian federal context and the budget limitations imposed to subnational governments with regard to the funding of school education, particularly in relation to small municipalities and/or municipalities with low tax revenues. This situation quite often occurs because these municipalities present reduced budgets, depending largely on transfers of financial resources from other spheres of the Government, either federal or state, the so-called intergovernmental budgetary transfers; namely, the Municipalities Participation Fund. Such issues demand the resumption of debates about the federative pact, in particular with regard to fiscal federalism, given that the financial capacity of each subnational government is crucial to the implementation of educational policies.

A fun����o social da escola e a constitui����o da forma escolar (Brasil/Portugal, 1870-1932)

O artigo analisa aspectos das rela����es entre a escolariza����oe os processos culturais mais amplos, tomando como fontedocumental manuais did��ticos produzidos para uso em cursos deforma����o de professores, que circularam no Brasil e em Portugalno per��odo final do s��culo XIX e no in��cio do s��culo XX. Foramfocalizados elementos pass��veis de generaliza����o, entre eles aunidade da forma escolar e as diferentes pr��ticas prescritas aosprofessores, destinadas a enraizar valores e ideais no processoformativo. Foram analisados os seguintes manuais: CursoPractico de Pedagogia, de autoria de Mr. Daligault (1874);Elementos de Pedagogia, de autoria de Jose Maria da Gra��aAffreixo e Henrique Freire (1870); e Li����es de pedagogia gerale de história da educação, de Alberto Pimentel Filho (1932).

Algumas reflex��es sobre a condi����o da mulher brasileira da col��nia ��s primeiras d��cadas do s��culo XX

This article, about reflections on the condition of Brazilian women from the Colony to the first decades of the twentieth century, reveals the historical position of them and the attitudes and behaviors related to gender and sexuality. Subdued, it was treated as a sexual object, arousing all sorts of misogyny by men. Rebel, veiled or ostensibly, could serve their own desires. Throughout history, the Church and medical institutions which jointly accounted for, significantly, established the meaning and place of women. In Colony period, the woman is a ward from the Catholic ideology, but from the nineteenth century, after Independence, this power control arises to Medicine. The physician submits the religious discourse, naturalizing the status of women as one that breeds, namely the insertion of the medical issues of family scientifically legitimate colonial patriarchy. This is accentuated in the early twentieth century, when medicine consolidated setting standards and rules for marriage, to motherhood and family life. We note how the feminine universe was (and it is nowadays) ambivalent, with "one foot" in virtue and another in sin, with a tendency to contain and another to trespass. On the one hand we have the home and motherhood, validated in marriage, in which the woman is cared for and dependent on her husband. Reflecting on the motherhood of Virgin Mary, comes to the sacred dimension of the idealized woman saint by the Church. At the same time, however, feels the need for freedom, identity and independence, needing to give a voice to the desire to have their sexuality and all that it is due in full. The manifestation of the desire and the call for sexual satisfaction, and put in permanent conflict personal, psychological and social split between moral entrenched across generations and cultural transformations resulting from decades of the 20th Century.

Hibridismo cultural: o imagin��rio europeu na constru����o da sexualidade feminina do primeiro s��culo de coloniza����o brasileira

The aim of this study is to investigate and analyze the conceptions of sexuality and female sexual behavior and conduct, formed from the merger of information and securities purchased under the eyes, rules and guidelines established relations with the Holy Office during his visit to Inquisitorial Brazil in the late sixteenth century. It is a survey of historical methodology in which we used as the exploratory research and literature. In the sixteenth century the Church increases the pressure to change the sexual mores that were free in the Middle Ages, a fact which influences the rules and regulations that are adopted by the Holy Office regarding the person's sex life. The first structure was based on Brazilian sexual alliance between Indians and settlers, which led to sugar, by the Portuguese, the customs of the land, which included sexual practices free since the Indians were out of Christian influence. Supported by the absence of white women, the settlers took them wives of the earth, usually more than one, creating conflict with the Jesuits who condemned Indian polygamy. In this context, in 1591, landed on Brazilian soil Heitor Furtado de Mendonca, and with it, the First Visitation of the Holy Office to investigate, arguing, exploring feelings and behaviors, to discover the true facts, finally, to demonstrate the errors Faith and punish them with the rigor of ecclesiastical law. His passing opens us to visualize traces of sexuality in the current "Tropic" a racist, misogynist world where black women and degraded land could be subject to the wishes of the white man, with whom he could mate at will. Alone and forgotten, women have not found the colony margin to denounce or to speak and were stigmatized by the look of travelers and writers have been through here.

A forma����o do cidad��o moderno: a sele����o cultural para a escola prim��ria nos manuais de Pedagogia (Brasil e Portugal, 1870���1920)

This article seeks to understand the production of the modern school in Brazil and Portugal at the turn of the 20th century. The analysis falls on the pedagogical knowledge constituted around school programs disseminated in pedagogical manuals at the Normal Schools in Brazil and Portugal. The study uses three teacher training manuals as source of information: Curso pratico de pedagogia destinado aos alunos-mestres das escholas normaes primarias e aos instituidores em exerc��cio (1874), by Mr. Daligault; Elementos de Pedagogia para servirem de guia aos candidatos ao magist��rio prim��rio (1870), by Jos�� Maria da Gra��a Affreixo and Henrique Freire; and Li����es de metodologia (1920), by Bernardino da Fonseca Lage.

A instala����o do servi��o de inspe����o escolar na Prov��ncia de S��o Paulo (1835-1887)

This article discusses the establishment of the school inspection service in the Province of Sao Paulo between the implementation of the Provincial Legislature in 1835 and the last years of the monarchy. In this work, were taken as sources - the Collection of Laws and Decrees of the Province of S��o Paulo (1835-1889); Speeches of the Presidents of the Province given annually at the opening of the Assembly of S���o Paulo (1835-1889), and the reports of the General Inspectors presented to the President of the Province (1851-1889). To give theoretical support to this analysis, we used the categories of Weberian bureaucratic organization.

O discurso de Louren��o Filho em defesa da pedagogia do estado novo

Funda����o de Amparo �� Pesquisa do Estado de S��o Paulo (FAPESP)

As fontes do m��todo anal��tico de leitura de Jo��o K��pke (1896-1917)

After two decades advertising and defending the synthetic method, Jo��o K��pke became active disseminator of analytical method for teaching reading. In five te xts published between 1896 and 1917, produced in different circumstance s for different publics readers, K��pke seeks the support of American and European authors, for their principles as well as for the education experience, to his analytical method. as by theirs principles as by theirs educational experiences. Among those authors: J. Jacotot, A. Bain, A. Meiklejohn, J. Froebel, C. Parker, G. Stanley Hall and J. Chubb. In this article, attention is given to repeated American references with special emphasis on the psychology of Stanley Hall and the method of teaching reading of Meiklejohn, highlighted and placed on convergence by K��pke in his final writings.

Palavras viajeiras: circula����o do conhecimento pedag��gico em manuais escolares (Brasil/Portugal, de meados do s��culo XIX a meados do s��culo XX)

Na presente publica����o apresenta-se an��lises de um conjunto de manuais escolares que circularam na Escola Normal brasileira e portuguesa entre meados do s��culo XIX e meados do s��culo XX a partir de diferentes olhares, reeditando em outra chave o processo original de circula����o de ideias entre Brasil e Portugal no qual esses materiais se inserem. Orientados por outros estudos que tratam do mesmo tema, os autores realizaram recolha nos dois pa��ses a fim de comprovar a circula����o do corpus emp��rico que, ao final, foi definido como fonte. Assim, chegou-se ao seguinte conjunto de manuais did��ticos: Elementos de Pedagogia de Affreixo & Freire (1870); Curso Pr��tico de Pedagogia Destinado aos Alunos-Mestres das Escolas Normaes Primarias e aos Instituidores em Exerc��cio de Daligault (1874); Li����es de Pedagogia Geral e de História da Educação de Pimentel Filho (1875); Li����es de Pedologia e Pedagogia Experimental de Faria de Vasconcelos (1910); Li����es de Metodologia, de Fonseca Lage (1920); A arte da leitura, de M��rio Gon��alves Viana (1949) e Li����es de Pedagogia, de Aquiles Arch��ro Junior (1955). Os pesquisadores utilizam diferentes lentes para tecer suas an��lises e, cada um segundo sua especialidade de pesquisa, aprofunda aspectos que, juntos, comp��em um painel interpretativo sobre o processo de escolariza����o e seus espa��os, a normatiza����o do trabalho docente, os princ��pios que nortearam a sele����o cultural para a escola prim��ria, a constitui����o de modos e m��todos de ensino para realizar os objetivos educacionais e a especificidade que assumem os materiais e o ensino da leitura e da escrita nessa institui����o. Todas as an��lises reiteram a import��ncia dos impressos na consolida����o da escola prim��ria portuguesa e brasileira, notadamente no que se refere ��s prescri����es feitas nos manuais escolares que, em tr��nsito, configuram-se como palavras viajeiras.