Application of the Sanchez-Lacombe lattice fluid theory to the system pvme/ps and model calculations

Cloud point curves reported in the literature for five representatives of the system poly(vinyl methyl ether)/polystyrene were evaluated theoretically by means of the Sanchez-Lacombe lattice fluid theory. The measured phase separation behavior can be described within experimental error using only one adjustable parameter (quantifying the interaction between the unlike mers). The Flory-Huggins interaction parameters calculated from this theoretical description depend in good approximation linearly on composition (volume fractions) and on the inverse temperature. An evaluation of these data yields a maximum heat effect which is almost one order of magnitude less (ca. -0.25 J/cm(3)) than obtained via Hess's cycle (dissolution of the components and of the blend) from calorimetric measurements. Model calculations on the basis of the present theory demonstrate that the critical points shift to a different extent upon a certain relative change in the molar mass of the blend components. The sensitivity of the calculated phase diagrams against changes in the scaling parameter decreases in the following order: interaction energies between unlike mers, differences in the scaling temperatures, pressures and densities.

SrB_6O_(10)中铕和铽的发光

大部分稀土离子都有变价行为,稀土的功能特性与其价态密切相关。铕和铽都有变价行为,Eu~(3+)和Tb~(3+)为电子组态共轭的一对稀土离子,是发光材料的重要激活离子。本文首次在空气中合成了SrB_6O_(10):xEu,yTb荧光粉,研究了它们的光谱特征,发现该体系中Eu~(3+),Tb~(3+)和Eu~(2+)离子共存,并随其掺入Tb~(3+)离子浓度的增加,Eu~(2+)的荧光相对发射强度增强。我们用已提出的关于稀土离子对之间电子组态共轭性与价态变化相关性的结论对此现象进行了解释。这一现象的发现有助于了解固相反应中共轭稀土离子对间的电子转移过程,为新型异常价态稀土化合物的预测与合成,为新材料的设计与制备提供了重要依据。

微铂颗粒修饰碳纤维电极用于毛细管电泳安培检测

高效毛细管电泳(High performance capillary electrophoresis缩写HPCE)是一种高效、快速分离复杂混合物的强有力工具.毛细管电泳电化学检测(Capillary electrophoresiselectrochemistry缩写CEEC)在HPCE中是一个极有前途的研究领域.安培检测由于灵敏度高,死体积小,成本低,而受到极大关注.把化学修饰电极(Chemically modified electrode缩写CME)用于CEEC的报道很少.本文介绍了一种新颖的方法将铂修饰到碳纤维电极上,并用于CEEC中检测肼.肼是一类比较难氧化的化合物,在普通固体电极上过电位很高,不适于电化学检测.我们做的修饰电极,对肼不仅有很好的催化活性,而且有很好的稳定性.

Permanent Genetic Resources added to Molecular Ecology Resources Database 1 May 2009-31 July 2009

This article documents the addition of 512 microsatellite marker loci and nine pairs of Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) sequencing primers to the Molecular Ecology Resources Database. Loci were developed for the following species: Alcippe morrisonia morrisonia, Bashania fangiana, Bashania fargesii, Chaetodon vagabundus, Colletes floralis, Coluber constrictor flaviventris, Coptotermes gestroi, Crotophaga major, Cyprinella lutrensis, Danaus plexippus, Fagus grandifolia, Falco tinnunculus, Fletcherimyia fletcheri, Hydrilla verticillata, Laterallus jamaicensis coturniculus, Leavenworthia alabamica, Marmosops incanus, Miichthys miiuy, Nasua nasua, Noturus exilis, Odontesthes bonariensis, Quadrula fragosa, Pinctada maxima, Pseudaletia separata, Pseudoperonospora cubensis, Podocarpus elatus, Portunus trituberculatus, Rhagoletis cerasi, Rhinella schneideri, Sarracenia alata, Skeletonema marinoi, Sminthurus viridis, Syngnathus abaster, Uroteuthis (Photololigo) chinensis, Verticillium dahliae, Wasmannia auropunctata, and Zygochlamys patagonica. These loci were cross-tested on the following species: Chaetodon baronessa, Falco columbarius, Falco eleonorae, Falco naumanni, Falco peregrinus, Falco subbuteo, Didelphis aurita, Gracilinanus microtarsus, Marmosops paulensis, Monodelphis Americana, Odontesthes hatcheri, Podocarpus grayi, Podocarpus lawrencei, Podocarpus smithii, Portunus pelagicus, Syngnathus acus, Syngnathus typhle,Uroteuthis (Photololigo) edulis, Uroteuthis (Photololigo) duvauceli and Verticillium albo-atrum. This article also documents the addition of nine sequencing primer pairs and sixteen allele specific primers or probes for Oncorhynchus mykiss and Oncorhynchus tshawytscha; these primers and assays were cross-tested in both species.

Discovery of the genes in response to white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) infection in Fenneropenaeus chinensis through cDNA microarray

We used microarray technology to study differentially expressed genes in white spot syndrome virus (WSSV)-infected shrimp. A total of 3136 cDNA targets, including 1578 unique genes from a cephalothorax cDNA library and 1536 cDNA clones from reverse and forward suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) libraries of Fenneropenaeus chinensis, plus 14 negative and 8 blank control clones, were spotted onto a 18 x 18 mm area of NH2-modified glass slides. Gene expression patterns in the cephalothorax of shrimp at 6 h after WSSV injection and moribund shrimp naturally infected by WSSV were analyzed. A total of 105 elements on the arrays showed a similar regulation pattern in artificially infected shrimp and naturally infected moribund shrimp; parts of the results were confirmed by semiquantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The up-regulated expression of immune-related genes, including heat shock proteins (HSP70 and HSP90), trehalose-phosphate synthase (TPS), ubiquitin C, and so forth, were observed when shrimp were challenged with WSSV. Genes including myosin LC2, ATP synthase A chain, and arginine kinase were found to be down-regulated after WSSV infection. The expression of housekeeping genes such as actin, elongation factor, and tubulin is not stable, and so these genes are not suitable as internal standards for semiquantitative RT-PCR when shrimp are challenged by WSSV. As a substitute, we found that triosephosphate isomerase (TPI) was an ideal candidate of interstandards in this situation.

黄海冷水团及邻近海域小型底栖动物多样性及其环境效应

2007年夏季对黄海冷水团及邻近海域共48个站位的小型底栖动物组成、丰度和生物量，以及环境因子进行了科考研究。所调查站位的小型底栖动物平均丰度达2194 ± 1598 inds./10cm2，其中北黄海17个站位平均丰度为3408 ± 1578 inds./10cm2，南黄海31个站位平均丰度为1529 ± 1121 inds./10cm2。调查站位平均生物量为1839 ± 1289 g dwt/10cm2，其中北黄海站位平均生物量为2760 ± 1340g dwt/10cm2，南黄海平均生物量为1335 ± 902g dwt/10cm2。在分选出的共18个小型底栖动物类群中，丰度上均以自由生线虫占绝对优势，达总量的88%，且在南（88.3%）、北黄海（87.7%）基本无差异。在生物量上，同样以自由生线虫贡献最多（42％），多毛类居次（22%），其他生物量较多的还有桡足类（13%）和甲壳类幼体（12%）。在小型底栖动物的垂直分布上，分布于沉积物表层0-2cm的小型底栖动物占79%，次表层2-5cm占17%，最底层5-8cm仅占4%。统计分析表明研究站位小型底栖动物丰度和生物量与沉积物叶绿素a、有机质含量、中值粒径显著或极显著正相关，与水深呈极显著负相关，此外小型底栖动物生物量与沉积物粉砂粘土含量显著负相关。 同年秋季搭载开放航次对黄海5个站位、东海3个站位、南海2个站位的小型底栖动物组成、丰度和生物量，以及环境因子进行了调查研究。对三个海域小型底栖动物的比较研究发现，平均丰度以黄海最高，达2132 ± 946 inds./10cm2，东海次之，为1954 ± 2047 inds./10cm2，而南海仅156 ± 56 inds./10cm2；三海域的平均生物量依次为2193 ± 1148 g dwt/10cm2、1865 ± 1555 g dwt/10cm2和212 ± 22 g dwt/10cm2。在分选出的共14个小型底栖动物类群中，丰度上均以自由生线虫占绝对优势，分别占总量的85%、89%、85%。在生物量上，黄海以自由生线虫贡献最多（33％），多毛类居次（18%）；东海二者比例相近（约37％），而南海则以多毛类占绝对优势（56％），线虫居次（25%）。在小型底栖动物的垂直分布上，三个海区差异较大：分布于沉积物表层0-2cm的小型底栖动物在黄海高达90%，东海仅46%，在南海为63%。统计分析表明，本研究站位小型底栖动物丰度与沉积物中的叶绿素a及脱镁叶绿素a含量和底温呈显著正相关，与水深呈显著负相关。该结果与本航次之后在广东湛江和海南以东的南海海域开展的908调查结果形成了鲜明对照，后者的小型底栖动物及线虫丰度与沉积物中有机质含量呈显著正相关，与水深呈显著负相关，表明近海受人类干扰影响较大。 本文利用微宇宙实验方法，来确定不同浓度梯度的Cu、Pb以及Cu/ Pb混合重金属污染物对青岛湾小型底栖动物（主要是线虫）的影响。加入污染物后，分别在1、3、7、14、21天进行取样分析。结果显示，Cu和Cu/Pb混合高浓度实验单元组的线虫丰度除在第21天有较明显减少外，在整个实验周期内基本没有变化，分析可能系高浓度Cu的固定作用从而使小型底栖动物无法腐烂降解造成的。同一时间尺度上，各重金属污染物实验单元的线虫丰度均高于（或接近于）空白对照组，较高浓度的重金属污染物实验单元的线虫丰度高于（或接近于）较低浓度重金属污染物实验单元，Cu/Pb混合低浓度实验单元的线虫丰度高于同一时间尺度Cu低浓度和Pb低浓度实验单元。推测是由于采样点的线虫群落中存在对Cu和Pb的耐受种或者“机会种”造成的。

柔性制造系统的负荷分配及路径规划方法

柔性是柔性制造系统（ＦＭＳ）的一个基本优点，但这一基本优点却往往被人们所忽视，许多现在运行的ＦＭＳ不是缺乏柔性，就是没能充分利用可获得的柔性来提高生产效率柔性制造系统的负荷分配和路径规划问题正是这种柔性的一个主要方面．然而，路径规划决策却往往被忽视．其中一个主要原因就是人们仍不能从传统的生产管理概念中解放出来．本文在明确概念区分的基础上，提出了一种柔性制造系统的负荷分配和路径规划的线性规划模型，其主要特点是将负荷分配和路径规划问题有机地结合起来，并通过仿真实验验证并分析了此方法对ＦＭＳ性能上的影响。

鄂尔多斯盆地志丹地区延长组储层综合评价

Sedimentary provenance direction，sedimentary facies，reservoir geological characteristic，pore structure； physical property characteristic，reservoir classification and evaluation ，forthermore，favorable area area are forecasted of Yanchang formation in ZhiDan region， by mainly study on the data of field section observation ，core observation, well logging explaination and routine microscope slice identification，scanning Electron Microscope and reservoir analysis of lithology and physical property , Under the guidance of such advanced theories and methods as sedimentology，reservoir sedimentology，lithological oil pool and so on，in the thesis. The following fruits are mainly achieved in this paper： Yanchang formation stratum is divided and correlated in this entire region， and the characteristic of oil layer unit is detailed discussed , respectively. According to main marker bed and supplementary ones.and research result shows that the source of provenance direction during Yanchang Formation mianly is north-east. Delta and lake are mainly developed in study area ，sub-facies and micro-facies are divided，distribution of sedimentary micro-facies in plane and palaeogeographic evolution are described，and gentle slope type- shallow water delta depositional model is established. Fine-grain arkose sandstone is the main reservoir，and which have experienced such different degree diagenesis as compaction, cementation, replacement and dissolution, and in which compaction and cementation are mainly factors to reduce sandstone physical property and dissolution effectively improved physical property during burial diagenesis procedure. All reservoirs of Yanchang Formation have entered A period of late diagenetic stage according to scheme of diagenesis period division . Intergranular porosity，dissolution porosity，fissure porosity are main pore types. And porosity structure are analyse by mercury penetration capillary pressure parameter，fine-shortness type and fine- length throat type are mainly developed. as a whole，the reservoir， with the characteristic of porosity and permeability altering apparently，strong inhomogeneity ， is a medium- porosity and medium permeability one. In plane，higher- porosity and higher-permeability are corresponded well with distributary channel area， physical property and inhomogeneity are affected by both deposition and diagenesis，and distributary channel and underwater distributary channel are favorable facies . According to such characteristic as lithology，physical property，pore structure ，diagenesis and sandstone distribution, the sandy reservoir can be classified 4 types, and the main sandy in every oil layer unit are evaluated according to the standard. The analysis result of petroleum concentration rule shows that Yanchang Formation are with not only favourable oil source rock，reservoir，covering combination ，but also good entrapment condition in study area. Lithology and structure-lithology oil pool are mainly developed ，based on condition of favorable reservoir developments，accounting for deliverability and sandstone superface elevation，zone of profitabilitis are forecasted.

东亚干旱半干旱区域表层土壤铵态氮的地理分布

土壤中的铵态氮(NH4+)是土壤中最重要的一种活性氮的形态之一:不仅是植物可以直接吸收利用的氮素营养,也是土壤氮素气态损失的共同的源--NH3挥发和硝化反硝化释放的NO2均是从NH4+开始。

Constructivist Character of the Technique of Role-Playing Games and its Autonomizing Values in the Glottodidactic Process

To Augustyn Surdyk numerous assumptions of constructivism and constructionism in the educational context seem to correspond with the idea of autonomisation in foreign language didactics. He presents a comparison of selected aspects of the three theories in question on the example of an innovative communicative technique of Role-Playing Games applied in the process of teaching foreign languages at an advanced level. The conventions of the technique with its simplified rules have been borrowed from popular parlour games and adapted by the author to the conditions of language didactics. The elements of play and simulation incorporated in the technique allow it to be rated among techniques of ludic strategy. (from Preface to the book)

The day-breaking, if not the sun-rising of the Gospell with the Indians in New-England.

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The Undecidability of Mitchell's Subtyping Relationship

Mitchell defined and axiomatized a subtyping relationship (also known as containment, coercibility, or subsumption) over the types of System F (with "→" and "∀"). This subtyping relationship is quite simple and does not involve bounded quantification. Tiuryn and Urzyczyn quite recently proved this subtyping relationship to be undecidable. This paper supplies a new undecidability proof for this subtyping relationship. First, a new syntax-directed axiomatization of the subtyping relationship is defined. Then, this axiomatization is used to prove a reduction from the undecidable problem of semi-unification to subtyping. The undecidability of subtyping implies the undecidability of type checking for System F extended with Mitchell's subtyping, also known as "F plus eta".