Inscrição de um próprio ao nome na escrita do nome próprio

A escrita do nome próprio tem ocupado um lugar privilegiado na aprendizagem, operador por excelência, a partir do qual podem-se realizar uma série de permutações em suas letras, emprestando-se a constituir outros nomes. Esperase que através da escrita do nome o sujeito possa demonstrar maior estabilidade em um eu que tenha domínio sobre a linguagem. A hipótese inicialmente formulada é de que na escrita do nome está em jogo a constituição subjetiva do escrevente e que as diferentes associações nas e com as letras tipográficas revelam os processos através dos quais se dá a inscrição de sujeito na linguagem. É ao sujeito da inscrição que estamos nos referindo, submetido à incidência das leis que regulam a linguagem. Podemos entreler, ler nas entrelinhas, na escrita do nome e em seus desdobramentos, impasses, omissões, trocas e rasuras, o que uma escrita não consciente – no sentido de não se sustentar numa hipótese enquanto exercício de uma reflexão – desvela sobre os processos de criação da cultura e de um sujeito, através da passagem realizada entre a transmissão de um nome próprio à apropriação de um próprio ao nome.

Desenvolvimento sustentável e turismo: o caso lençóis maranheses

Tourism as an example of alternative for sustainable development in the Lençóis Maranhenses. The objective of this work is to analyze the prospects for sustainable development in tourism in the aforementioned region. An attempt is made to evaluate the five dimensions of sustainable - ecological, economic, social, space and cultural. The base for discussion is the information gathered from the people who actually live in the region. A type of the case study was built up. The research involved speaking with the people about the viability of tourism projects, not only with an eye on economic success, job creation and income for the region. There was also an attempt to tackle the issue of social and environment impact. Data was collected through verbal contact. A variety of people were interviewed, locals, businessmen, authorities, civil representatives and they spoke about the advantages and disadvantages of tourism as the saw it and as it affected them. Their answers and comments constitute the knowledge gleaned. The development of possible new strategies is the result of this work. Strategies that should be investigated by the local government/public administration. One such strategy would involve strengthening ties whit society and hoping that the improved dialogue would encourage sustainability. Another would mean improving interdepartmental contact to streamline the performance of public bodies so that development can be better planned and non-destructive.

Novas perspectivas da análise estratégica: estudo de caso do UOL: como o caso do Universo On Line (UOL) pode criar novas perspectivas para a análise estratégica?

Estudo dos desafios e novas perspectivas estratégicas que se apresentam com o estudo de caso do UOL - Universo On Line - provedor de acesso e portal líder no Brasil, baseado em fatos e estatísticas do mercado e entrevista com o UOL.

Estudo molecular e confirmação do aspecto patogênico de mutações novas em pacientes brasileiros com a Síndrome de Morquio A

Introdução: A Síndrome de Morquio A (MPS IVA) é um Erro Inato do Metabolismo do grupo das Doenças Lisossômicas. Esta patologia é caracterizada pelo acúmulo e excreção de queratan e condroitin sulfato devido à deficiência da enzima lisossomal Galactose–6 sulfatase (GALNS; E.C.3.1.6.4). É uma doença rara cuja incidência varia entre 1:45.000 e 1:640.000. Os aspectos clínicos predominantes estão relacionados com o sistema osteo-articular com efeitos secundários sobre o sistema nervoso central, embora não haja déficit cognitivo. Os achados clínicos, evidentes a partir dos 2 anos, direcionam as análises bioquímicas para confirmação do diagnóstico através de avaliação dos glicosaminoglicanos urinários e de ensaios enzimáticos específicos. A doença é herdada de forma autossômica recessiva. O cDNA revela uma região codificante com 1566 nucleotídeos, que determina uma proteína com 522 aminoácidos. O gene contém 14 exons e foi mapeado em 16q24.3. Já foram descritas 148 mutações e 16 polimorfismos. O gene apresenta grande heterogeneidade molecular, sendo que 46,1% das mutações ocorreram menos de três vezes. Objetivo Identificar as mutações presentes no gene da GALNS em pacientes brasileiros com diagnóstico bioquímico para a MPS IVA; verificar se as mutações novas encontradas são causadoras do fenótipo patológico; e padronizar as técnicas de PCR e SSCP para análise do gene da GALNS. Materiais e Métodos: Seis casos-índice tiveram todo o gene da GALNS amplificados por PCR, seguido de seqüenciamento. Para as mutações novas, primers foram confeccionados para os respectivos exons e a patogenicidade testada por análise de freqüência em 100 controles normais. Condições de PCR e SSCP foram determinadas para cada um dos 4 exons com mutações novas. Sete pacientes novos com diagnóstico bioquímico foram analisados para os exons com as condições pré-estabelecidas. Os controles e pacientes com padrão alterado no gel de SSCP foram seqüenciados. Resultados: Em relação aos seis casos-índice 11 dos 12 alelos tiveram a alteração identificada, revelando seis mutações diferentes. Destas, quatro eram novas (p.G116S, p.N164T, p.L307P e p.S341R) e duas já descritas (p.R386C e p.G139S).Dos 100 controles analisados para cada exon nenhum apresentou o mesmo padrão de migração da amostra mutada, mas foram encontradas novas alterações (p.A107A, p.Y108Y e p.P357P). Entre os pacientes novos, sete dos 14 alelos foram identificados (p.N164T, p.G301C e uma mudança do quadro de leitura). Discussão: As quatro mutações novas identificadas foram consideradas patogênicas uma vez que não estavam presentes nos controles, indicando uma freqüência menor que 1% nesse grupo. As mutações p.G116S, p.N164T e p.G301C (freqüências de 14,3%, 14,3% e 19,0% dos alelos, respectivamente) foram consideradas recorrentes, além das já descritas e também recorrentes p.G139S e p.R386C. Nos quatro exons padronizados encontramos 40% das mutações descritas. Entre as diferentes mutações encontradas em nossos casos-índice uma nova (p.G116S) e duas já descritas (p.G139S e p.R386C) se localizam em regiões CpG. Conclusões: Foram identificadas alterações moleculares em 11 dos 12 alelos de seis pacientes brasileiros com MPS IVA, sendo que as quatro mutações novas encontradas puderam ser classificados como patogênicas; as técnicas de PCR e SSCP para os 4 exons do gene da GALNS foram padronizadas.

The Hunt for New Physics at the Large Hadron Collider

The Large Hadron Collider presents an unprecedented opportunity to probe the realm of new physics in the TeV region and shed light on some of the core unresolved issues of particle physics. These include the nature of electroweak symmetry breaking, the origin of mass, the possible constituent of cold dark matter, new sources of CP violation needed to explain the baryon excess in the universe, the possible existence of extra gauge groups and extra matter, and importantly the path Nature chooses to resolve the hierarchy problem - is it supersymmetry or extra dimensions. Many models of new physics beyond the standard model contain a hidden sector which can be probed at the LHC. Additionally, the LHC will be a. top factory and accurate measurements of the properties of the top and its rare decays will provide a window to new physics. Further, the LHC could shed light on the origin of neutralino masses if the new physics associated with their generation lies in the TeV region. Finally, the LHC is also a laboratory to test the hypothesis of TeV scale strings and D brane models. An overview of these possibilities is presented in the spirit that it will serve as a companion to the Technical Design Reports (TDRs) by the particle detector groups ATLAS and CMS to facilitate the test of the new theoretical ideas at the LHC. Which of these ideas stands the test of the LHC data will govern the course of particle physics in the subsequent decades.

Experimento de fluxo de sedimentos em um segmento de campo de dunas eólicas costeiras de Jenipabu - Litoral oriental do Rio Grande do Norte.

This study analyzed measurements of the aeolian transport using vertical sand traps across the field dunes of Jenipabu, in the municipality of Extremoz, Rio Grande do Norte state to the North of Natal city. These measurements were used as parameters for the sand aeolian transport in the region. Before the field trips a map of landscape units was made. Three visits to the field were done in September 2011 (field a - the 13th, field b - the 21st, field c - the 29th), period of the year with the highest wind speed, and another in December 8th, 2011 (field d ) when the wind speed starts to decrease. The sand traps used were of the type "I" with collecting opening of 25 cm from the surface level, and type "S" with collecting opening of 25 cm located 25 cm from the surface level in six collecting points in two of the visits (fields a and d ), and sand traps of the type "T" with the collecting opening of 50 cm from the surface level in the other field trips (fields "b" and "c"). A set of records was also collected by using a portable meteorological station complemented with information such as frequency and intensity of winds, precipitation and relative air humidity in the region, from the Estação Meteorológica de Natal , located 12 km from the study area. The sediments collected were treated and the data obtained permitted calculating the ratio of sediment transport. In September, the sedimentation ratio varied from 0.01 to 11.39 kg.m-1.h-1 and in December this ratio varied from 0.33 to 1.30 kg.m-1.h-1 in the type T collectors. In type I collectors they ranged from 0.01 to 11.39 kg.m-1.h-1, while the same parameters varied from 0.01 to 0.73 kg.m-1.h-1 in type S collector. Based on the statistical analysis done, we concluded that the sediment transport increased proportionally to the wind speed 25 cm from the surface. However, this is not true above 25 cm from the surface. The transport of sediments is more intense near the surface where sedimentation ratios greater than 10 kg.m-1.h-1 were found, whilst a maximum value of 3 kg.m-1.h-1 was observed 25 cm below the surface. The volume of sediments collected increases with the increasing wind speed at the surface level, whereas this relationship is opposed far away from that surface

Magnetic field induced lattice effects in a quasi-two-dimensional organic conductor close to the Mott metal-insulator transition

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Interaction of mercury(II) with humic substances from the Rio Negro (Amazonas State, Brazil) by means of an ion exchange procedure

The aquatic humic substances (HS) investigated in this study with respect to their binding capability towards mercury(II) were isolated from the river Rio Negro, Amazonas State - Brazil, by means of the adsorbent XAD 8. Labile/inert fractions of inorganic Hg(II) complexes formed with these HS were characterized using an ion-exchange batch and column technique, respectively, based on Chelite S. This collector exhibits high Hg(II) distribution coefficients, Kd, up to the order of 104 decreasing, however, in the case of small Hg(II)/HS ratios (< 0.1 μg Hg(II) / mg HS). The influence of different complexation parameters (ratio of Hg(II)/HS, pH, contact time, complexing time) relevant for Hg(II) binding in aquatic environments was assessed. The Hg(II) lability in dissolved HS is mainly influenced by the mass ratio of Hg(II)/HS and the ageing of Hg(II)-HS species formed. This is particularly obvious in the case of low Hg(II) loading of HS where slow transformation processes of freshly formed Hg(II)-HS species significantly decrease their lability, leading to incomplete recoveries (< 20%) of the total Hg(II) bound to HS.

Clinical and molecular phenotype of Aicardi-Goutières syndrome

Aicardi-Goutières syndrome (AGS) is a genetic encephalopathy whose clinical features mimic those of acquired in utero viral infection. AGS exhibits locus heterogeneity, with mutations identified in genes encoding the 3′→5′ exonuclease TREX1 and the three subunits of the RNASEH2 endonuclease complex. To define the molecular spectrum of AGS, we performed mutation screening in patients, from 127 pedigrees, with a clinical diagnosis of the disease. Biallelic mutations in TREX1, RNASEH2A, RNASEH2B, and RNASEH2C were observed in 31, 3, 47, and 18 families, respectively. In five families, we identified an RNASEH2A or RNASEH2B mutation on one allele only. In one child, the disease occurred because of a de novo heterozygous TREX1 mutation. In 22 families, no mutations were found. Null mutations were common in TREX1, although a specific missense mutation was observed frequently in patients from northern Europe. Almost all mutations in RNASEH2A, RNASEH2B, and RNASEH2C were missense. We identified an RNASEH2C founder mutation in 13 Pakistani families. We also collected clinical data from 123 mutation-positive patients. Two clinical presentations could be delineated: an early-onset neonatal form, highly reminiscent of congenital infection seen particularly with TREX1 mutations, and a later-onset presentation, sometimes occurring after several months of normal development and occasionally associated with remarkably preserved neurological function, most frequently due to RNASEH2B mutations. Mortality was correlated with genotype; 34.3% of patients with TREX1, RNASEH2A, and RNASEH2C mutations versus 8.0% RNASEH2B mutation-positive patients were known to have died (P = .001). Our analysis defines the phenotypic spectrum of AGS and suggests a coherent mutation-screening strategy in this heterogeneous disorder. Additionally, our data indicate that at least one further AGS-causing gene remains to be identified. © 2007 by The American Society of Human Genetics. All rights reserved.

Sobre o discurso político

Procura-se aqui difundir uma proposta de análise do discurso político elaborada pelo germanista Hans Dieter Zimmermann. Partindo do pressuposto de que é necessário observar o objetivo do discurso político, o autor oferece um esquema que permite dividir tais discursos segundo as perspectivas da superestimação, da subestimação ou da conciliação, construídas por meio de um conjunto de figuras retóricas que cataloga.

Ancient Dispersal of the Human Fungal Pathogen Cryptococcus gattii from the Amazon Rainforest

Over the past two decades, several fungal outbreaks have occurred, including the high-profile 'Vancouver Island' and 'Pacific Northwest' outbreaks, caused by Cryptococcus gattii, which has affected hundreds of otherwise healthy humans and animals. Over the same time period, C. gattii was the cause of several additional case clusters at localities outside of the tropical and subtropical climate zones where the species normally occurs. In every case, the causative agent belongs to a previously rare genotype of C. gattii called AFLP6/VGII, but the origin of the outbreak clades remains enigmatic. Here we used phylogenetic and recombination analyses, based on AFLP and multiple MLST datasets, and coalescence gene genealogy to demonstrate that these outbreaks have arisen from a highly-recombining C. gattii population in the native rainforest of Northern Brazil. Thus the modern virulent C. gattii AFLP6/VGII outbreak lineages derived from mating events in South America and then dispersed to temperate regions where they cause serious infections in humans and animals.