Rebelión en Galápagos: la hacienda "Progreso" de Manuel J. Cobos en la isla San Cristóbal, 1879-1904

El presente artículo es una investigación histórica, y una lectura desde el mirador de la teoría de los movimientos sociales, de la rebelión de los trabajadores de la hacienda “Progreso” de la isla San Cristóbal (Chatham) en Galápagos. La hipótesis que guía este trabajo es saber si el sistema socio-económico y de gobierno determinan o no el carácter violento de la acción colectiva. Se trata de un estudio de caso, para lo cual presentamos una aproximación al sistema socio-económico de la hacienda “Progreso” como forma social de producción supeditada al modo de producción capitalista, en el cual se inscribe la rebelión de Chatham. Seguidamente echamos mano del instrumental teórico de los movimientos sociales para elaborar una interpretación y exponer algunas reflexiones acerca de la violencia colectiva.

Ibergirhynchia contraria (F. A. Roemer, 1850), an Early Carboniferous seep-related rhynchonellide brachiopod from the Harz Mountains, Germany - A possible successor to Dzieduszyckia?

A new genus Ibergirhynchia, a member of the rhynchonellide superfamily Dimerelloidea, is described for the species Terebratula contraria Roemer, 1850, from Early Carboniferous deposits of the Harz Mountains, Germany. Ibergirhynchia contraria is from a monospecific brachiopod limestone that formed on top of the drowned Devonian Iberg Reef which persisted as a seamount during Famennian and Early Carboniferous times. Ibergirhynchia contraria is considered a cold seep-related brachiopod based on this locality. Such seep associations have been observed for Mesozoic representatives of the rhynchonellide superfamily Dimerelloidea. Ibergirhynchia is considered the first Paleozoic representative of the family Rhynchonellinidae. Ibergirhynchia resembles Dzieduszyckia externally and may be derived from this dimerelloid.

Why was urban overcrowding much more severe in Scotland than in the rest of the British Isles? Evidence from the first (1904) official household expenditure survey

This article presents an analysis of British urban working-class housing conditions in 1904, using a rediscovered survey. We investigate overcrowding and find major regional differences. Scottish households in the survey were more overcrowded despite being less poor. Investigating the causes of this overcrowding, we find little support for supply-side theories or for the idea that the Scottish households in our survey experienced particularly great variations in income, causing them to commit to overly modest accommodation. We present evidence that is consistent with idea that particularly tough Scottish tenancy and local tax laws caused excess overcrowding. We also provide evidence that Scottish workers had a relatively high preference for food, rather than housing, expenditure, which can be at least partly attributed to their inheritance of more communal patterns of urban living.