Culturas juveniles como aperturas de espacios, tiempos y expresividades

Los jóvenes procuran abrir espacios y tiempos distintos de los espacios y tiempos que dominan los adultos; y procuran relacionarse con formas comunicativas propias, tanto en el entorno físico (generalmente, urbano) como en el info-telemático. Para la generación y desarrollo de esas nuevas formas expresivas, aprovechan lo que les conviene de la cultura global y de las locales; de la comunicación de masas y de Internet; de los adultos y de los iguales, de las instituciones y normas sociales y de la posibilidad de transgredirlas. Sobre los sujetos sociales que son jóvenes en los comienzos del siglo XXI, y sus manifestaciones culturales, deben estar operando las transformaciones y contradicciones de su época, que ya no son las mismas que operaron sobre quienes eran jóvenes cuando se produjo la transición política en España y que hoy están en edad de ser padres de los actuales. En este artículo se ponen de relieve algunas de las circunstancias que contribuyen a la búsqueda de espacios intersticiales y a la generación de códigos adaptativos.

¿Denegados, apáticos, desencantados, neo-políticos, institucionalistas o vanguardistas?: la diversidad de las representaciones juveniles acerca de la política, la democracia y la participación política en el Chile contemporáneo

La multiplicación de espacios y formas participativas juveniles ha llevado a que las interpretaciones respecto a la realidad política juvenil chilena que habían dominado desde el retorno a la democracia –a inicios de los años ’90-, y que identificaban a la mayoría de los/as jóvenes con el individualismo y el apoliticismo, aparezcan a estas alturas como demasiado simplistas y lejanas a los hechos que hemos presenciado en los últimos años, abriendo un campo de estudio, en el cual es posible aportar nuevas miradas que ahonden en las tensiones, complejidades y múltiples aristas que tiene la relación de los jóvenes con la política y el sistema democrático. Es en este contexto que se planteó este trabajo de tesis doctoral, con la idea de generar, por medio de la investigación empírica, una contribución a la mejor comprensión de las subjetividades políticas juveniles, desde una perspectiva que considera a la juventud como un segmento heterogéneo socialmente, y que posee representaciones políticas diversas. La perspectiva desde la cual se ha situado esta investigación se ha caracterizado por su comprensión de la juventud como un sector social diferenciado, heterogéneo, con potencialidad de transformación, y con juicio y una opinión relevante, tanto para la construcción del futuro, como también para la determinación del presente; y cuyo estudio nos puede aportar claves importantes para la comprensión más profunda de la sociedad en su conjunto, en este caso y de forma particular, de la sociedad chilena...

Errors Associated to Keratoconus Grading using Systems based on Corneal Power

Purpose: To analyze and define the possible errors that may be introduced in keratoconus classification when the keratometric corneal power is used in such classification. Materials and methods: Retrospective study including a total of 44 keratoconus eyes. A comprehensive ophthalmologic examination was performed in all cases, which included a corneal analysis with the Pentacam system (Oculus). Classical keratometric corneal power (Pk), Gaussian corneal power (Pc Gauss), True Net Power (TNP) (Gaussian power neglecting the corneal thickness effect), and an adjusted keratometric corneal power (Pkadj) (keratometric power considering a variable keratometric index) were calculated. All cases included in the study were classified according to five different classification systems: Alió-Shabayek, Amsler-Krumeich, Rabinowitz-McDonnell, collaborative longitudinal evaluation of keratoconus (CLEK), and McMahon. Results: When Pk and Pkadj were compared, differences in the type of grading of keratoconus cases was found in 13.6% of eyes when the Alió-Shabayek or the Amsler-Krumeich systems were used. Likewise, grading differences were observed in 22.7% of eyes with the Rabinowitz-McDonnell and McMahon classification systems and in 31.8% of eyes with the CLEK classification system. All reclassified cases using Pkadj were done in a less severe stage, indicating that the use of Pk may lead to the classification of a cornea as keratoconus, being normal. In general, the results obtained using Pkadj, Pc Gauss or the TNP were equivalent. Differences between Pkadj and Pc Gauss were within ± 0.7D. Conclusion: The use of classical keratometric corneal power may lead to incorrect grading of the severity of keratoconus, with a trend to a more severe grading.

Predictors of Nasal Obstruction: Quantification and Assessment Using Multiple Grading Scales

Objective. To evaluate the association between nasal obstruction and (1) demographic factors, (2) medical history, (3) physical tests, and (4) nasal exam findings. Study Design. CASE SERIES: Methods. Chart review at a tertiary medical center. Results. Two hundred-forty consecutive patients (52.1 ± 17.5 years old, with a Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation (NOSE) score of 32.0 ± 24.1) were included. Demographic factors and inferior turbinate sizes were not associated with NOSE score or Nasal Obstruction Visual Analog Scale (NO-VAS). A significant association was found between higher NOSE score on univariate analysis and positive history of nasal trauma (p = 0.0136), allergic rhinitis (p < 0.0001), use of nasal steroids (p = 0.0108), higher grade of external nasal deformity (p = 0.0149), higher internal nasal septal deviation grade (p = 0.0024), and narrow internal nasal valve angle (p < 0.0001). Multivariate analysis identified the following as independent predictors of high NOSE score: NO-VAS: ≥50 (Odds Ratio (OR) = 17.6 (95% CI 5.83-61.6), p < 0.0001), external nasal deformity: grades 2-4 (OR = 4.63 (95% CI 1.14-19.9), p = 0.0339), and allergic rhinitis: yes (OR = 5.5 (95% CI 1.77-18.7), p = 0.0041). Conclusion. Allergic rhinitis, NO-VAS score ≥ 50, and external nasal deformity (grades 2-4) were statistically significant independent predictors of high NOSE scores on multivariate analysis. Inferior turbinate size was not associated with NOSE scores or NO-VAS.

(Table 1) Mean sizes of Hydrobia ulvae juveniles in the littoral zone of the Chernaya Inlet (Kandalaksha Bay, White Sea) in July-September 1995

Based on observations and experiments carried out within the White Sea silty-sandy littoral zone in 1994-1997 data on biology of development and behavior of Hydrobia ulvae juveniles over water column and in sediments were obtained. Hydrobiid juveniles 0.125-0.150 mm in size appear in plankton during the second half of June and in two to three weeks they precipitate on sediments reaching 0.300-0.350 mm in size. Specific biological features of the White Sea hydrobiids are a short reproductive period and a short period of juvenile growth related to long under-ice time and decelerated warming of shallow waters. Distribution of juvenile individuals of H. ulvae is primarily determined by hydrodynamics and microtopography of the littoral zone. Redistribution of the juveniles permanently takes place, since all size groups of the juveniles are equally subjected to migration. During the first few weeks after settling mortality of juvenile mudsnails is 85%.

Obras juveniles de Atenogenes Segale. Primera serie, tragedias,

Mode of access: Internet.

Studies supporting the evaluation of the Uniform Tire Quality Grading System Program effects on the consumer marketplace. Final technical report.

National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Washington, D.C.

Paginas juveniles.

Mode of access: Internet.

Juveniles

Mode of access: Internet.