992 resultados para Gottfried Benn


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Stray light contamination reduces considerably the precision of photometric of faint stars for low altitude spaceborne observatories. When measuring faint objects, the necessity of coping with stray light contamination arises in order to avoid systematic impacts on low signal-to-noise images. Stray light contamination can be represented by a flat offset in CCD data. Mitigation techniques begin by a comprehensive study during the design phase, followed by the use of target pointing optimisation and post-processing methods. We present a code that aims at simulating the stray-light contamination in low-Earth orbit coming from reflexion of solar light by the Earth. StrAy Light SimulAtor (SALSA) is a tool intended to be used at an early stage as a tool to evaluate the effective visible region in the sky and, therefore to optimise the observation sequence. SALSA can compute Earth stray light contamination for significant periods of time allowing missionwide parameters to be optimised (e.g. impose constraints on the point source transmission function (PST) and/or on the altitude of the satellite). It can also be used to study the behaviour of the stray light at different seasons or latitudes. Given the position of the satellite with respect to the Earth and the Sun, SALSA computes the stray light at the entrance of the telescope following a geometrical technique. After characterising the illuminated region of the Earth, the portion of illuminated Earth that affects the satellite is calculated. Then, the flux of reflected solar photons is evaluated at the entrance of the telescope. Using the PST of the instrument, the final stray light contamination at the detector is calculated. The analysis tools include time series analysis of the contamination, evaluation of the sky coverage and an objects visibility predictor. Effects of the South Atlantic Anomaly and of any shutdown periods of the instrument can be added. Several designs or mission concepts can be easily tested and compared. The code is not thought as a stand-alone mission designer. Its mandatory inputs are a time series describing the trajectory of the satellite and the characteristics of the instrument. This software suite has been applied to the design and analysis of CHEOPS (CHaracterizing ExOPlanet Satellite). This mission requires very high precision photometry to detect very shallow transits of exoplanets. Different altitudes and characteristics of the detector have been studied in order to find the best parameters, that reduce the effect of contamination. © (2014) COPYRIGHT Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE). Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.

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Bern, Phil. Diss., 1916

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Trade, investment and migration are strongly intertwined, being three key factors in international production. Yet, law and regulation of the three has remained highly fragmented. Trade is regulated by the WTO on the multilateral level, and through preferential trade agreements on the regional and bilateral levels – it is fragmented and complex in its own right. Investment, on the other hand, is mainly regulated through bilateral investment treaties with no strong links to the regulation of trade or migration. And, finally, migration is regulated by a web of different international, regional and bilateral agreements which focus on a variety of different aspects of migration ranging from humanitarian to economic. The problems of institutional fragmentation in international law are well known. There is no organizational forum for coherent strategy-making on the multilateral level covering all three areas. Normative regulations may thus contradict each other. Trade regulation may bring about liberalization of access for service providers, but eventually faces problems in recruiting the best people from abroad. Investors may withdraw investment without being held liable for disruptions to labour and to the livelihood and infrastructure of towns and communities affected by disinvestment. Finally, migration policies do not seem to have a significant impact as long as trade policies and investment policies are not working in a way that is conducive to reducing migration pressure, as trade and investment are simply more powerful on the regulatory level than migration. This chapter addresses the question as to how fragmentation of the three fields could be reme-died and greater coherence between these three areas of factor allocation in international economic relations and law could be achieved. It shows that migration regulation on the international level is lagging behind that on trade and investment. Stronger coordination and consideration of migration in trade and investment policy, and stronger international cooperation in migration, will provide the foundations for a coherent international architecture in the field.

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OBJECTIVE Due to an increased focus on erosive tooth wear (ETW), the European Federation of Conservative Dentistry (EFCD) considered ETW as a relevant topic for generating this consensus report. MATERIALS AND METHODS This report is based on a compilation of the scientific literature, an expert conference, and the approval by the General Assembly of EFCD. RESULTS ETW is a chemical-mechanical process resulting in a cumulative loss of hard dental tissue not caused by bacteria, and it is characterized by loss of the natural surface morphology and contour of the teeth. A suitable index for classification of ETW is the basic erosive wear examination (BEWE). Regarding the etiology, patient-related factors include the pre-disposition to erosion, reflux, vomiting, drinking and eating habits, as well as medications and dietary supplements. Nutritional factors relate to the composition of foods and beverages, e.g., with low pH and high buffer capacity (major risk factors), and calcium concentration (major protective factor). Occupational factors are exposition of workers to acidic liquids or vapors. Preventive management of ETW aims at reducing or stopping the progression of the lesions. Restorative management aims at reducing symptoms of pain and dentine hypersensitivity, or to restore esthetic and function, but it should only be used in conjunction with preventive strategies. CONCLUSIONS Effective management of ETW includes screening for early signs of ETW and evaluating all etiological factors. CLINICAL RELEVANCE ETW is a clinical condition, which calls for the increased attention of the dental community and is a challenge for the cooperation with other medical specialities.

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da me Telemann. [Text: Gottfried Simonis]

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Niedersächsische Landesbibliothek Hannover

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Niedersächsische Landesbibliothek Hannover

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mit Einleitung von Ludwig Geiger ; Bd. 1

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Boberach: Unter Berufung auf die Weissagung aus Kloster Lehnin soll die Einteilung Deutschlands in zwölf Herzogtümer ein mächtiges Reich unter Preußens Führung schaffen. Franken soll wegen seiner zentralen Lage Kronland werden. Als Sitz der Reichsgewalt kommen Bamberg, Nürnberg oder Frankfurt in Frage. Einem Herzogtum Alemannien soll auch die deutsche Schweiz angeschlossen werden, Frankreich den französischen Teil erhalten und dafür das Elsaß zurückgeben. Die deutsche Seemacht sollen die Niederlande werden. Aus den nichtdeutschen Ländern Österreichs soll ein Austroslawisches Reich entstehen. - Wentzke: Die Grundlinien: der Kaiser (Hohenzollern) auf dem Gipfel höchster Macht, die Volksherzöge als treue Stützen des Thrones. Franken Kronland. Österreich wird seinem Berufe, ein großes slavisch-orientalisches Reich zu begründen, nachgehen

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Boberach: Die preußische Verfassung muß Vorrang haben vor den Beschlüssen der Deutschen Nationalversammlung. Der Eintritt Österreichs in den deutschen Bundesstaat wird abgelehnt. Vorgeschlagen werden eine Reichsrepräsentation der Fürsten und Völker, ein Reichsoberhaupt mit suspensivem Veto gegen die Beschlüsse beider Kammern, Reichssteuern. - Wentzke: Befestigung der Macht Österreichs die wichtigste Frage: nötig Agrargesetzgebung und Befriedigung der Verfassungswünsche Ungarns und der böhmischen und österreichischen Stände. Inzwischen muß Preußen Deutschland näher treten als Bürge seiner verfassungsmäßigen Rechte. Auf der Fürsten-Konferenz am 25. März sind u.a. "die Grundzüge einer künftigen deutschen Reichsverfassung und die Vertretung der Fürsten und Völker bei dieser" zu beraten. Reichsrepräsentation: Deutsches Parlament, zusammengesetzt aus dem Hause der Fürsten, aus welchem das Oberhaupt des Reichs als erbliche Würde hervorgeht, und aus dem Haus der Gemeinen. Das Reichsoberhaupt hat die Vertretung nach Außen, vollziehende Gewalt und Ministerernennung, aber nur suspensives Veto gegen wiederholte Beschlüsse beider Häuser. Das Haus der Fürsten ist gebildet von sämtlichen Souveränen und freien Städten mit verhältnismäßig abgestufter Stimmenzahl. Das Haus der Gemeinen setzt sich zusammen aus den von den Ständeversammlungen gewählten Mitgliedern. Ein ständiger Ausschuß wird meist genügen; das Parlament selbst ist nicht zu häufig zu berufen. Der Reichsverwaltung unterstehen u.a.: Heerwesen; Verfassungsangelegenheiten der Einzelstaaten; Rechtswesen; Zoll, Post, Münze, Freizügigkeit; Reichssteuern. - Der Beitritt ganz Österreichs erscheint, "wenn von der Verwandlung eines Fürstenbundes in einen nationalen Völkerbund die Rede ist", unmöglich. "Es kann daher, wenn sich Österreich ebenfalls dem Deutschen Reichsverbande anschließen wollte, nur von seinen Deutschen Provinzen die Rede sein." Aber auch dabei noch Bedenken, die sich erst bei günstiger innerer Entwicklung Österreichs heben lassen. Jedenfalls muß ein enges Bündnis bleiben. - Die zum 2. April berufenen preußischen Reichsstände können sich erst mit der Bildung eines Deutschen Parlaments befassen, "wenn Regierung und Stände sich vorher über die Grundzüge einer künftigen Verfassung für die Preußische Monarchie geeinigt haben werden."