A CONCEPÇÃO SOBRE SER HUMANO PARA O DISCENTE DO CURSO DE ADMINISTRAÇÃO: APROXIMAÇÕES COM A FENOMENOLOGIA DE EDITH STEIN

As grandes Revoluções que a história oficial relata apresentam um aspecto comum: a evolução do processo de comunicação aliada à evolução tecnológica. A partir do Século XX, as informações passaram a circular em número e em velocidade escalares. A interdependência e a interligação dos países, nações e pessoas estreitaram-se, pois a mobilidade no espaço virtual, progressivamente, relativiza as distâncias e os espaços geofísicos. Todavia, a avalanche de conhecimento, de aprimoramento científico e de desenvolvimento econômico parece não ser suficiente para responder, concretamente, as questões que ainda assolam a humanidade. Neste cenário, o presente trabalho tem por objetivo aproximar a concepção de ser humano para discentes do curso de administração com as categorias existenciais presentes no pensamento de Edith Stein, por meio dos objetivos específicos: Compreender o que é ser humano para o discente do curso de administração em uma IES Confessional do ABC Paulista; descrever o que é ser humano a partir do pensamento fenomenológico de Edith Stein; buscar convergências, divergências e/ou idiossincrasias entre os relatos de discentes do curso de administração em uma IES Confessional do ABC Paulista e o pensamento de Edith Stein. Para tal, foram colhidos cinco relatos de discentes de administração, por meio dos quais foram feitas aproximações, convergências-divergências com as categorias analíticas da concepção de ser humano no pensamento de Edith Stein para cada sujeito, tendo como questão norteadora: o que é ser humano para você ? Após a coleta, as entrevistas foram analisadas tendo como referência os trabalhos de Edith Stein (fenomenologia eidética), Castro (2003), Flauzino (2012) e Estanislau (2010), cumprindo as seguintes etapas: literalização dos relatos ingênuos, levantamento das unidades de sentido, levantamento e análise fenomenológica das categorias, as quais possibilitaram o diálogo intersubjetivo e objetivo com os pressupostos teóricos sobre o tema em pauta. Categorias estas denominadas de: 1. Corpo Físico e Corpo Vivente; 2. Espírito; Sujeito Psicofísico; 3. Comunidade. A partir da análise das categorias, observou-se que a concepção de ser humano conflui para a unidade do ser, ser este que é composto por corpo vivente, psique e espírito, de forma a possibilitar relações com o outro e com o ambiente. Não é possível ser humano sem um encontro com o outro, sem o respeito mútuo, sem a liberdade de ser o que se é. Emerge a dos relatos a dimensão comunitária, somente na qual se é possível realizar a humanidade, por meio de atos de liberdade, respeito e de compaixão. Desvelou-se também dentro destes relatos, que quando se é humano, a vida em seu todo é realizada de forma harmoniosa. Poder-se-á, então, por meio do revelar-se do fenômeno, obter uma nova forma de olhar, de pensar e questionar as práticas vivenciadas na Administração, contribuindo com a formação de uma massa crítica para as ciências sociais aplicadas da administração, ao refletir sobre o que há de mais estruturante e nuclear no discente de administração.

AVALIAÇÃO DA PROFUNDIDADE DO PALATO E DAS DIMENSÕES DA ARCADA DENTÁRIA SUPERIOR EM INDIVÍDUOS COM MÁ OCLUSÃO E DIFERENTES TIPOS FACIAIS

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a profundidade do palato e as dimensões da arcada dentária superior de indivíduos com má oclusão e diferentes tipos faciais. A amostra empregada neste estudo foi constituída por telerradiografias em norma lateral e modelos de estudo de 135 pacientes com más oclusões de Classe I (n = 45), Classe II (n = 45) e Classe III (n = 45) de ANGLE6 (1899), sendo 67 do sexo feminino e 68 do sexo masculino, com faixa etária entre 12 e 21 anos de idade, divididos igualmente em três grupos conforme o tipo facial apresentado: Braquifacial, Mesofacial e Dolicofacial. As medidas da distância intercaninos superiores, distância intermolares superiores e comprimento da arcada superior foram obtidas por meio de um paquímetro digital. A medida da profundidade do palato foi efetuada com o auxílio de um aparelho especialmente desenvolvido e adaptado a um paquímetro digital (ARMANDO et al.8, 2002), com a finalidade de obter-se a padronização desta medida. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram que, quanto ao tipo facial, houve diferença estatisticamente significante apenas para a medida da profundidade do palato, sendo que, os indivíduos braquifaciais apresentaram palato com menor profundidade (média = 18,18 mm), quando comparados aos indivíduos dolicofaciais (média = 19,52 mm). Quanto ao dimorfismo sexual, pudemos verificar que, os indivíduos do sexo masculino apresentaram médias da distância intermolares superiores (51,36 mm) e da profundidade do palato (19,61 mm) aumentadas, de forma significante, em relação às médias obtidas para o sexo feminino (50,15 mm e 18,37 mm para as medidas da distância intermolares e da profundidade do palato, respectivamente). Avaliando o tipo de má oclusão, pudemos constatar que houve diferença estatisticamente significante apenas para a medida do comprimento da arcada, sendo que, indivíduos com má oclusão de Classe II apresentaram arcadas dentárias superiores com maior comprimento ântero-posterior (média = 31,23 mm) que indivíduos com má oclusão de Classe III (média = 29,64 mm). Entretanto, a média da medida comprimento da arcada encontrada para o grupo Classe I (30,52 mm) não apresentou diferença estatisticamente significante quando comparada às médias obtidas para os grupos Classe II e Classe III.

Determinação das distâncias e ângulos entre os elementos dentários de jovens brasileiros com oclusão normal

O conhecimento prévio do posicionamento dos dentes nas arcadas dentárias é um dos assuntos importantes em Ortodontia, para que o diagnóstico e a planificação do tratamento sejam corretamente realizados e, principalmente, para que o prognóstico da estabilidade da correção seja favorável. A literatura comprova a necessidade da avaliação das arcadas dentárias quanto à sua forma, dimensão e posição dos dentes, respeitando-se as variações individuais. Este estudo objetivou definir o posicionamento dos dentes nas arcadas dentárias, determinando a média de desvios lineares e angulares, no plano horizontal. Para tanto, utilizou-se uma amostra de 61 pares de modelos de gesso, obtidos de jovens brasileiros, leucodermas, com idades de 12 a 21 anos portadores de oclusão normal. Após o preparo, estes modelos foram digitalizados por vista oclusal e inseridos em um programa computadorizado CorelDraw 9, onde foram obtidas curvas e linhas que determinaram as variáveis lineares e angulares nas arcadas superiores e inferiores. Com base nos resultados obtidos, para esta amostra, pode-se concluir que na arcada superior, os incisivos laterais se posicionam para lingual em relação aos incisivos centrais e caninos; os caninos em relação aos incisivos centrais encontram-se para vestibular; os caninos em relação aos primeiros pré-molares se posicionam para lingual; entre pré-molares não há proeminência de nenhum deles; os segundos pré-molares estão para lingual em relação aos primeiros molares; e, os segundos molares se posicionam para lingual quando comparados aos primeiros molares. Na arcada inferior os caninos se encontram para vestibular em relação aos incisivos; os primeiros pré-molares se posicionam para lingual em relação aos caninos e aos segundos pré-molares; os segundos pré-molares em relação aos primeiros molares estão para vestibular; e, os segundos molares se posicionam para lingual em relação aos primeiros molares. Nas variáveis angulares, com exceção dos segundos molares inferiores em relação aos primeiros molares, todas as porções distais das faces vestibulares dos molares superiores e inferiores se encontram para lingual em comparação com as porções mesiais.

A Comunicação Não-Verbal: especial relevância à função espaço-território da (comunicação) proxémica"

Aristotle said "Man is a social animal," that does not know how to live isolated and need interaction with their peers. Over several millenniums the man was found many ways to communicate – from smoke signals to sign language or even writing – and this need not slowed down over the years, instead of this, became increasingly glaring. Communication has become increasingly imperative in our lives. But the communication has long ceased to be seen merely as a transmission of words. Nowadays, in the today's society, the man relates to others through two levels: verbal and non-verbal. These two dimensions of communication arise often together, completing or in opposition to, even if the human being does not realize it. Proxemics, as one of the areas covered in Non-Verbal Communication is responsible for studying the distances and proximities that are between people and spaces and how each of us do to protect and defend their personal territory. Will be the Gender, Age, Profession or the Barriers to Communication able to significantly influence the proxemic? The present study will answer to these questions.

Ultralong Raman fibre lasers as virtually lossless optical media

By transforming the optical fiber span into an ultralong cavity laser, we experimentally demonstrate quasilossless transmission over long (up to 75 km) distances and virtually zero signal power variation over shorter (up to 20 km) spans, opening the way for the practical implementation of integrable nonlinear systems in optical fiber. As a by-product of our technique, the longest ever laser (to the best of our knowledge) has been implemented, with a cavity length of 75 km. A simple theory of the lossless fiber span, in excellent agreement with the observed results, is presented.

Ultralong raman fiber lasers as virtually lossless optical media

By transforming the optical fiber span into an ultralong cavity laser, we experimentally demonstrate quasilossless transmission over long (up to 75 km) distances and virtually zero signal power variation over shorter (up to 20 km) spans, opening the way for the practical implementation of integrable nonlinear systems in optical fiber. As a by-product of our technique, the longest ever laser (to the best of our knowledge) has been implemented, with a cavity length of 75 km. A simple theory of the lossless fiber span, in excellent agreement with the observed results, is presented. © 2006 The American Physical Society.

Technological enhancements to optometric clinical tests

A sizeable amount of the testing in eye care, requires either the identification of targets such as letters to assess functional vision, or the subjective evaluation of imagery by an examiner. Computers can render a variety of different targets on their monitors and can be used to store and analyse ophthalmic images. However, existing computing hardware tends to be large, screen resolutions are often too low, and objective assessments of ophthalmic images unreliable. Recent advances in mobile computing hardware and computer-vision systems can be used to enhance clinical testing in optometry. High resolution touch screens embedded in mobile devices, can render targets at a wide variety of distances and can be used to record and respond to patient responses, automating testing methods. This has opened up new opportunities in computerised near vision testing. Equally, new image processing techniques can be used to increase the validity and reliability of objective computer vision systems. Three novel apps for assessing reading speed, contrast sensitivity and amplitude of accommodation were created by the author to demonstrate the potential of mobile computing to enhance clinical measurement. The reading speed app could present sentences effectively, control illumination and automate the testing procedure for reading speed assessment. Meanwhile the contrast sensitivity app made use of a bit stealing technique and swept frequency target, to rapidly assess a patient’s full contrast sensitivity function at both near and far distances. Finally, customised electronic hardware was created and interfaced to an app on a smartphone device to allow free space amplitude of accommodation measurement. A new geometrical model of the tear film and a ray tracing simulation of a Placido disc topographer were produced to provide insights on the effect of tear film breakdown on ophthalmic images. Furthermore, a new computer vision system, that used a novel eye-lash segmentation technique, was created to demonstrate the potential of computer vision systems for the clinical assessment of tear stability. Studies undertaken by the author to assess the validity and repeatability of the novel apps, found that their repeatability was comparable to, or better, than existing clinical methods for reading speed and contrast sensitivity assessment. Furthermore, the apps offered reduced examination times in comparison to their paper based equivalents. The reading speed and amplitude of accommodation apps correlated highly with existing methods of assessment supporting their validity. Their still remains questions over the validity of using a swept frequency sine-wave target to assess patient’s contrast sensitivity functions as no clinical test provides the range of spatial frequencies and contrasts, nor equivalent assessment at distance and near. A validation study of the new computer vision system found that the authors tear metric correlated better with existing subjective measures of tear film stability than those of a competing computer-vision system. However, repeatability was poor in comparison to the subjective measures due to eye lash interference. The new mobile apps, computer vision system, and studies outlined in this thesis provide further insight into the potential of applying mobile and image processing technology to enhance clinical testing by eye care professionals.

Determining which factors influence the optimum multifocal contact lens correction for presbyopia

Presbyopia is a consequence of ageing and is therefore increasing inprevalence due to an increase in the ageing population. Of the many methods available to manage presbyopia, the use of contact lenses is indeed a tried and tested reversible option for those wishing to be spectacle free. Contact lens options to correct presbyopia include multifocal contact lenses and monovision.Several options have been available for many years with available guides to help choose multifocal contact lenses. However there is no comprehensive way to help the practitioner selecting the best option for an individual. An examination of the simplest way of predicting the most suitable multifocal lens for a patient will only enhance and add to the current evidence available. The purpose of the study was to determine the current use of presbyopic correction modalities in an optometric practice population in the UK and to evaluate and compare the optical performance of four silicone hydrogel soft multifocal contact lenses and to compare multifocal performance with contact lens monovision. The presbyopic practice cohort principal forms of refractive correction were distance spectacles (with near and intermediate vision providedby a variety of other forms of correction), varifocal spectacles and unaided distance with reading spectacles, with few patients wearing contact lenses as their primary correction modality. The results of the multifocal contact lens randomised controlled trial showed that there were only minor differences in corneal physiology between the lens options. Visual acuity differences were observed for distance targets, but only for low contrast letters and under mesopic lighting conditions. At closer distances between 20cm and 67cm, the defocus curves demonstrated that there were significant differences in acuity between lens designs (p < 0.001) and there was an interaction between the lens design and the level of defocus (p < 0.001). None of the lenses showed a clear near addition, perhaps due to their more aspheric rather than zoned design. As expected, stereoacuity was reduced with monovision compared with the multifocal contact lens designs, although there were some differences between the multifocal lens designs (p < 0.05). Reading speed did not differ between lens designs (F = 1.082, p = 0.368), whereas there was a significant difference in critical print size (F = 7.543, p < 0.001). Glare was quantified with a novel halometer and halo size was found to significantly differ between lenses(F = 4.101, p = 0.004). The rating of iPhone image clarity was significantly different between presbyopic corrections (p = 0.002) as was the Near Acuity Visual Questionnaire (NAVQ) rating of near performance (F = 3.730, p = 0.007).The pupil size did not alter with contact lens design (F = 1.614, p = 0.175), but was larger in the dominant eye (F = 5.489, p = 0.025). Pupil decentration relative to the optical axis did not alter with contact lens design (F = 0.777, p =0.542), but was also greater in the dominant eye (F = 9.917, p = 0.003). It was interesting to note that there was no difference in spherical aberrations induced between the contact lens designs (p > 0.05), with eye dominance (p > 0.05) oroptical component (ocular, corneal or internal: p > 0.05). In terms of subjective patient lens preference, 10 patients preferred monovision,12 Biofinity multifocal lens, 7 Purevision 2 for Presbyopia, 4 AirOptix multifocal and 2 Oasys multifocal contact lenses. However, there were no differences in demographic factors relating to lifestyle or personality, or physiological characteristics such as pupil size or ocular aberrations as measured at baseline,which would allow a practitioner to identify which lens modality the patient would prefer. In terms of the performance of patients with their preferred lens, it emerged that Biofinity multifocal lens preferring patients had a better high contrast acuity under photopic conditions, maintained their reading speed at smaller print sizes and subjectively rated iPhone clarity as better with this lens compared with the other lens designs trialled. Patients who preferred monovision had a lower acuity across a range of distances and a larger area of glare than those patients preferring other lens designs that was unexplained by the clinical metrics measured. However, it seemed that a complex interaction of aberrations may drive lens preference. New clinical tests or more diverse lens designs which may allow practitioners to prescribe patients the presbyopic contact lens option that will work best for them first time remains a hope for the future.

Constructing 7-Clusters

ACM Computing Classification System (1998): G.2, G.4.

Invariant Functions on Neil Parabola in Cn

2000 Mathematics Subject Classification: Primary 32F45.

Svájci rendszerű sakk csapatversenyek rangsorolása (Ranking in Swiss system chess team tournaments)

A cikk a páros összehasonlításokon alapuló pontozási eljárásokat alkalmazza svájci rendszerű sakk csapatversenyek eredményének meghatározására. Bemutatjuk a nem körmérkőzéses esetben felmerülő kérdéseket, az egyéni és csapatversenyek jellemzőit, valamint a hivatalos lexikografikus rendezések hibáit. Axiomatikus alapokon rangsorolási problémaként modellezzük a bajnokságokat, definícióinkat összekapcsoljuk a pontszám, az általánosított sorösszeg és a legkisebb négyzetek módszerének tulajdonságaival. A javasolt eljárást két sakkcsapat Európa-bajnokság részletes elemzésével illusztráljuk. A végső rangsorok összehasonlítását távolságfüggvények segítségével végezzük el, majd a sokdimenziós skálázás révén ábrázoljuk azokat. A hivatalos sorrendtől való eltérés okait a legkisebb négyzetek módszerének dekompozíciójával tárjuk fel. A sorrendeket három szempont, az előrejelző képesség, a mintailleszkedés és a robusztusság alapján értékeljük, és a legkisebb négyzetek módszerének alkalmas eredménymátrixszal történő használata mellett érvelünk. ____ The paper uses paired comparison-based scoring procedures in order to determine the result of Swiss system chess team tournaments. We present the main challenges of ranking in these tournaments, the features of individual and team competitions as well as the failures of official lexicographical orders. The tournament is represented as a ranking problem, our model is discussed with respect to the properties of the score, generalised row sum and least squares methods. The proposed method is illustrated with a detailed analysis of the two recent chess team European championships. Final rankings are compared through their distances and visualized by multidimensional scaling (MDS). Differences to official ranking are revealed due to the decomposition of least squares method. Rankings are evaluated by prediction accuracy, retrodictive performance, and stability. The paper argues for the use of least squares method with an appropriate generalised results matrix favouring match points.

Ranking in Swiss system chess team tournaments

The paper uses paired comparison-based scoring procedures for ranking the participants of a Swiss system chess team tournament. We present the main challenges of ranking in Swiss system, the features of individual and team competitions as well as the failures of official lexicographical orders. The tournament is represented as a ranking problem, our model is discussed with respect to the properties of the score, generalized row sum and least squares methods. The proposed procedure is illustrated with a detailed analysis of the two recent chess team European championships. Final rankings are compared by their distances and visualized with multidimensional scaling (MDS). Differences to official ranking are revealed by the decomposition of least squares method. Rankings are evaluated by prediction accuracy, retrodictive performance, and stability. The paper argues for the use of least squares method with a results matrix favoring match points.

Distance-based accessibility indices

The paper attempts to develop a suitable accessibility index for networks where each link has a value such that a smaller number is preferred like distance, cost, or travel time. A measure called distance sum is characterized by three independent properties: anonymity, an appropriately chosen independence axiom, and dominance preservation, which requires that a node not far to any other is at least as accessible. We argue for the need of eliminating the independence property in certain applications. Therefore generalized distance sum, a family of accessibility indices, will be suggested. It is linear, considers the accessibility of vertices besides their distances and depends on a parameter in order to control its deviation from distance sum. Generalized distance sum is anonymous and satisfies dominance preservation if its parameter meets a sufficient condition. Two detailed examples demonstrate its ability to reflect the vulnerability of accessibility to link disruptions.

The influence of body size on the ecology of coastal fish predators in the Bahamas

Body size is a fundamental structural characteristic of organisms, determining critical life history and physiological traits, and influencing population dynamics, community structure, and ecosystem function. For my dissertation, I focused on effects of body size on habitat use and diet of important coastal fish predators, as well as their influence on faunal communities in Bahamian wetlands. First, using acoustic telemetry and stable isotope analysis, I identified high variability in movement patterns and habitat use among individuals within a gray snapper (Lutjanus griseus) and schoolmaster snapper (L. apodus) population. This intrapopulation variation was not explained by body size, but by individual behavior in habitat use. Isotope values differed between individuals that moved further distances and individuals that stayed close to their home sites, suggesting movement differences were related to specific patterns of foraging behavior. Subsequently, while investigating diet of schoolmaster snapper over a two-year period using stomach content and stable isotope analyses, I also found intrapopulation diet variation, mostly explained by differences in size class, individual behavior and temporal variability. I then developed a hypothesis-testing framework examining intrapopulation niche variation between size classes using stable isotopes. This framework can serve as baseline to categorize taxonomic or functional groupings into specific niche shift scenarios, as well as to help elucidate underlying mechanisms causing niche shifts in certain size classes. Finally, I examined the effect of different-sized fish predators on epifaunal community structure in shallow seagrass beds using exclusion experiments at two spatial scales. Overall, I found that predator effects were rather weak, with predator size and spatial scale having no impact on the community. Yet, I also found some evidence of strong interactions on particular common snapper prey. As Bahamian wetlands are increasingly threatened by human activities (e.g., overexploitation, habitat degradation), an enhanced knowledge of the ecology of organisms inhabiting these systems is crucial for developing appropriate conservation and management strategies. My dissertation research contributed to this effort by providing critical information about the resource use of important Bahamian fish predators, as well as their effect on faunal seagrass communities.

Análise cefalométrica: ortodontistas x radiologistas

Cephalometric analysis is the mensuration of linear and angular measures through demarcation points as distances and lines on teleradiography, and is considered of fundamental importance for diagnosis and orthodontic planning. In this manner, the objective of this research was to compare cephalometric measurements obtained by dentists and radiologists from the analysis of the same radiograph, in a computerized cephalometric analysis program. All research participants marked 18 cephalometric points on a 14-inch notebook computer, as directed by the program itself (Radiocef 2®). From there, they generated 14 cephalometric parameters including skeletal, dental-skeletal, dental and soft tissue. In order to verify the intra-examiner agreement, 10 professionals from each group repeated the marking of the points with a minimum interval of eight days between the two markings. The intra-group variability was calculated based on the coefficients of variation (CV). The comparison between groups was performed using the Student t-test for normally distributed variables, and using the Mann-Whitney test for those with non-normal distribution. In the group of orthodontists, the measurements of Pog and 1-NB, SL, S-Ls Line, S-Li Line and 1.NB showed high internal variability. In the group of radiologists, the same occurred with the values of Pog and 1-NB, S-Ls Line, S-Li Line and 1.NA. In the comparison between groups, all the analyzed linear values and two angular values showed statistically significant differences between radiologists and dentists (p <0.05). According to the results, the interexaminer error in cephalometric analysis requires more attention, but does not come from a specific class of specialists, being either dentists or radiologists.